The function at society of the spin-offs academics acting as a mechanism for technology transfer

 This article aims to present a theoretical review of the process of technology transfer between universities and companies, focusing on the technology-based companies, specifically academic spin-offs as one of the main tools for technology transfer. It then made a presentation on the importance of factors such as skilled human resources, encouraging the government as an agent, technological innovation, and Innovation Act (2004) for the transferring. The methodological approach of this paper is characterized as a basic research, qualitative, exploratory and technical procedures as a literature search. The research resulted in the realization that the technological development model based on cooperation between universities and companies has been consolidated as one of the strategies of technological and economic development of the country, as seeking to bring differential factors of competitiveness in the market

Gambling and substance use by the elderly: a review of the literature

CONTEXTO: A literatura mostra comorbidade entre jogo patológico, abuso de substâncias e transtornos afetivos (maior prevalência de depressão) em adultos. É alta a prevalência de depressão nos idosos, tornando-os vulneráveis à dependência de jogos de azar e ao abuso de substâncias. Com o aumento desta população em todo o mundo, faz-se necessário mais pesquisas sobre esse tema. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o grau de envolvimento do idoso que aposta em jogos de azar e sua correlação com uso de substâncias. MÉTODOS: Revisão bibliográfica dos bancos de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e PsycINFO, sem limite de tempo. RESULTADOS: Idosos apostadores recreativos de jogos de azar apresentam consumo principalmente de álcool e boa avaliação de saúde geral. Idosos com problemas com jogo apresentam abuso de álcool, mais transtornos psiquiátricos e doenças cardiovasculares que os idosos jogadores recreativos. Quando comparados com adultos ou jovens jogadores, os idosos apresentam menos problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. CONCLUSÕES: Assim como nos adultos, também existe correlação entre apostas em jogos de azar e consumo de substâncias nos idosos. Quanto mais problemático o envolvimento com jogo, mais problemático é o consumo de substâncias (álcool) e maior prevalência de transtornos do humor (depressão). No entanto, não se pode afirmar uma relação causal entre esses fatores, sendo necessária realização de mais pesquisas sobre esse tema.BACKGROUND: Literature presents comorbidity between pathological gambling, substance use/abuse and affective disorders (depression being the most prevalent) in adults. The prevalence of depression disorder in elderly people is high, making them vulnerable to pathological gambling and substance abuse. With the increase of this population worldwide, more research regarding these issues has become necessary. OBJECTIVES: Assess the involvement of the elderly in gambling activities and its correlation with substance abuse. METHODS: Literature review of MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO databases without time limits. RESULTS: Elderly recreational gamblers present alcohol consumption and good general health. Elderly problem gamblers present alcohol abuse, with more psychiatric disorders and heart disease than recreational gamblers. When compared with adult or young gamblers, the elderly present fewer problems with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: As with adults, in the elderly a correlation also exists between gambling and substance abuse. The more problematic the gambling is, the more problematic the substance (alcohol) abuse, and the higher the prevalence of mood disorders (depression). A causal relationship between these factors can not yet be affirmed however, as more research is needed

Avaliação Dos Critérios De Elegibilidade Do Programa Territórios Da Cidadania

O Programa Territórios da Cidadania (PTC) é uma das mais relevantes políticas de desenvolvimento territorial vigentes no Brasil, principalmente no que tange sua abrangência e importância. Trata-se de uma política pública social que apresenta escopo diferenciado, com enfoque territorial, gestão social e interministerial. Apesar de o PTC ser oriundo de um processo evolutivo de políticas públicas como: Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) e Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais (Pronat), este ainda apresenta certos gargalos, como a definição de critérios para a escolha dos territórios. Neste sentido, o artigo apresenta metodologia estatística com o objetivo de avaliar os critérios de elegibilidade e o grau de importância desses critérios para que um município seja atendido pelo programa, a partir de indicadores proxies aos critérios definidos em decreto. Como resultado, critérios como densidade demográfica, existência de quilombos e população indígena não apresentaram o protagonismo esperado. Já o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano apresentou-se como principal critério de elegibilidade, mostrando que o indicador se mantém relevante para o ciclo de monitoramento e avaliação de políticas públicas brasileiras. A agricultura familiar, um dos principais pilares do PTC e de seus programas antecessores, também se mostrou importante, mantendo a coerência do escopo e objetivos do programa.54459961

The cost of problems caused by alcohol abuse

CONTEXTO: O abuso de álcool é considerado atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde devido ao impacto mundial que esta problemática gera em termos sociais e financeiros. OBJETIVOS: Discutir, a partir do referencial econômico, as conseqüências sociais do abuso do álcool e introduzir os conceitos relacionados à economia da saúde. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura com base nos sistemas Medline, LILACS e Scielo de artigos publicados nas línguas, portuguesa e inglesa no período de 1987 a 2007, e posterior busca manual com base na bibliografia de interesse dos artigos selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 50 artigos sobre estudos econômicos e conceitos econômicos em diversas áreas; desses, 15 diretamente relacionados ao custo social do abuso do álcool. O método de apuração dos custos e a composição dos itens de custos foram semelhantes em todos os estudos. CONCLUSÕES: Os estudos econômicos se apresentam incipientes no Brasil e avançados nos países desenvolvidos. A necessidade de pesquisas nacionais que abordem o custo social do abuso do álcool tem como uma das finalidades promover subsídios para se pensar e efetivar a construção de políticas públicas mais consistentes e que estejam em consonância com o perfil epidemiológico e socioeconômico do país. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse is currently considered one of the largest worldwide health problems due to its social and financial impact. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the economic and social impact of alcohol abuse and to introduce concepts related to health economics. METHODS: Literature review of articles written in Portuguese and in English (published between 1987 and 2007) stored in the MEDLINE, LILACS and Scielo databases was carried out. RESULTS: Fifty articles on economic studies and economic concepts in various areas were found, among which 15 were directly related to the social costs of alcohol abuse. The costs assessment methods and the composition of cost items were similar in all studies. CONCLUSIONS: Economic studies are new in Brazil, but are advanced in developed countries. National research on the social costs of alcohol abuse is necessary in order to promote knowledge as a means of creating and implementing public policies that are more consistent with and in alignment with the epidemiological and socioeconomic profile of the country

The memory in elderly with Alzheimer\u27s disease participants of a physical activity program

The physiopathology of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) is characterized by the formations of senile plaques and tangles fibro-neurals causing neural death, leading to impairment of memory. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a systematic program of physical activity on the learning and evocational memories in elderly with AD. Participated of the study 11 elderly people with AD, five elderly people (mean age = 81.4 ± 5.03 years old) participated in the training group (TG), while the control group (CG) had six elderly people (mean age = 82.1 ± 3.06 years old). The subjects performed three weekly sessions of physical activity, for 60 minutes, during six months. To analyse the memories, the Brief Battery of Cognitive Screening (BBRC) was used. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, U-test and Mann Writney Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 5% (p\u3c0.05). To learning memory, the mean obtained by the CG and TG respectively, in the initial evaluation was 4.00 ± 1.55 and 3.4 ± 2.07 and in the final evaluation, the mean was 4.00 ± 2, 90 and 3.60 ± 1.82. To evocation memory, were found the following means: in the initial and final evaluations for the CG and TG respectively, 2.33 ± 2.25 and 1.50 ± 2.35, 1.64 and 1.8 ± 1.8 ± 1.79. The Wilcoxon test did not show significant differences in the data. The physical activity was not enough to cause changes in memories. The result can be explained by the fact that patients already have an irreversible neuronal loss, however the maintenance of the memory was observed and this is an important finding for AD elderly patients

LEONARDO MARTINELLI: “Nem tudo são temas e metros na composição do poema”.

Respondendo a uma verdadeira bateria de perguntas, Leonardo demonstrou uma consistência que, juntamente com a beleza de seus textos, deixava entrever um futuro promissor. Infelizmente, alguns anos depois faleceu -- o que torna ainda mais significativa a publicação desta entrevista. Considerado parte de uma geração nomeada fluidamente como “Pós-pós”, o saudoso poeta não se via à frente de nada, apenas escaldado o suficiente para encarar tradição e contemporaneidade como complementares. Postura semelhante adotava na relação com as demais artes, em abertura cuja fecundidade se percebe em sua poesia

The essential neurological examination in telemedicine consultations in the context of COVID 19/ O exame neurológico essencial nas consultas de telemedicina no contexto da COVID 19

Introduction: In clinical evaluation, the neurological area is one of the most complex and extensive to be analyzed, besides that, when added with Neurophobia it becomes even more difficult. With the COVID-19 Pandemic, there was an accelerated process of migration from outpatient clinics to digital platforms, requiring doctors to update their way of examining patients. The essential neurological examination, the tool that collaborates in this updated assessment, demonstrates greater objectivity in confirming the normality of the neurological system. The practice of checklists is a tool that helps these doctors to better evaluate their patients, optimizing their time and exams, contributing to its clinical diagnosis. Methodology: Review study integrative process that culminated in the elaboration and adaptation of new measures for essential neurological therapy in patients in the context of COVID-19 through Telemedicine. Results and Discussion: When comparing the essential neurological exam with the knowledge experienced by the authors of this article and the global pandemic context, were recommendations on the application of telemedicine were made. In addition to the need for doctor-patient communication to be audible and visible, without external interference so as not to impair the exams, the participation of a patient's companion is important to assist the doctor in exams. With that done, we identified that some of the exams essential neurological conditions become difficult to perform digitally, being: Indirect fundoscopy and reflexes (Biceps, Brachioradialis, Triceps, Patellar, Aquileu). However, exams such as direct fundoscopy, pupillary reflex, eye chase, mimic facial, gait, and plantar reflex can be examined via digital platforms as long as always the patient is accompanied. Conclusion: It is concluded that, amid pandemic, essential neurological examination becomes outdated, but useful in several areas, helping the doctor to take more informed measures

Cell–fibronectin interactions and actomyosin contractility regulate the segmentation clock and spatio-temporal somite cleft formation during chick embryo somitogenesis

Fibronectin is essential for somite formation in the vertebrate embryo. Fibronectin matrix assembly starts as cells emerge from the primitive streak and ingress in the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM). PSM cells undergo cyclic waves of segmentation clock gene expression, followed by Notch-dependent upregulation of meso1 in the rostral PSM which induces somite cleft formation. However, the relevance of the fibronectin matrix for these molecular processes remains unknown. Here, we assessed the role of the PSM fibronectin matrix in the spatio-temporal regulation of chick embryo somitogenesis by perturbing (1) extracellular fibronectin matrix assembly, (2) integrin–fibronectin binding, (3) Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activity and (4) non-muscle myosin II (NM II) function. We found that integrin–fibronectin engagement and NM II activity are required for cell polarization in the nascent somite. All treatments resulted in defective somitic clefts and significantly perturbed meso1 and segmentation clock gene expression in the PSM. Importantly, inhibition of actomyosin-mediated contractility increased the period of hairy1/hes4 oscillations from 90 to 120 min. Together, our work strongly suggests that the fibronectin–integrin–ROCK–NM II axis regulates segmentation clock dynamics and dictates the spatio-temporal localization of somitic clefts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Overview of DNA Repair in Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania major

A wide variety of DNA lesions arise due to environmental agents, normal cellular metabolism, or intrinsic weaknesses in the chemical bonds of DNA. Diverse cellular mechanisms have evolved to maintain genome stability, including mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, to avoid the incorporation of modified nucleotides, and to tolerate lesions (translesion synthesis). Studies of the mechanisms related to DNA metabolism in trypanosomatids have been very limited. Together with recent experimental studies, the genome sequencing of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania major, three related pathogens with different life cycles and disease pathology, has revealed interesting features of the DNA repair mechanism in these protozoan parasites, which will be reviewed here