360 research outputs found
Namenentwicklung und Namengebung in Ober- und Unterschichten des frĂŒhen 9. Jahrhunderts in der Ăle-de France
Development of Names and Name-Giving in Upper and Lower Classes in Early Ninth-Century Ăle-de-France. â This onomastic article about names and name giving intends to demonstrate possible cooperations between philologists and historians. The rich material of personal names in the polyptych of Saint-Germain-des-PrĂ©s near Paris from the early ninth century, on the one hand, allows an interesting philological analysis of the morphology, phonetics and lexicology of names in a region of previously intensive âGermanicâ and Gallo-Roman acculturation. On the other hand, it permits an analysis of different motives of name giving, particularly the familial transmission of names or of their elements to the children as well as the use of Christian names. It is further interesting to compare these peasant names with those of the upper classes. As a kind of test drilling, this article is based on an analysis of four fisci of the polyptych (Palaiseau, Villemeux, Villeneuve, BĂ©concelle), compared with the names of monks, donors and witnesses of the same period and region. Considering the processes that a language runs through in a situation of continuous bilinguism, the names reveal a broad spectrum of Romanization (phonetic and morphological assimilation) as well as of hybrid names with Germanic and Romance elements or suffixes, as far as forming new name elements by an etymologically âfalseâ segmentation. Although this development is generally observed in all social classes, certain phenomena, such as spirantization of stops, coupling Romance suffixes with Germanic elements, or the formation of names by constructing new elements, are much more common among the peasants. Concerning name giving, the whole spectrum of traditional forms of âinheritingâ the whole name of one parent or one element of both the paternal or maternal name (âvariationâ), in various combinations, seems to be complemented by further forms, such as alliteration or ârhymeâ, but also by using different, and new, kinds of variation, namely either slight phonetical variations of the same name or by using different, but phonetically similar lemmata. The âRomanizedâ forms as a linguistic development are frequently integrated into this âsystemâ of name giving in order to differentiate between the namebearers. While a âRomanizationâ of non- Romance names is well under way, the âChristianizationâ of names is still in its initial stages. In the Paris area, âChristianâ, particularly biblical names are more common among monks and clerics than among peasants, who, however, use the whole spectrum (biblical, âtalking namesâ, names composed with Crist-, names of saints), frequently prefer variations of biblical names and combine them with other elements. From a functional and pragmatic perspective, Romance and Christian names are used like and adapted to names of etymologically Germanic origin, while the linguistic principles of name-formation are maintained and the Romance and Germanic onomastic morphology still coexist
X-rays from the Power Sources of the Cepheus A Star-Forming Region
We report an observation of X-ray emission from the exciting region of
Cepheus A with the Chandra/ACIS instrument. What had been an unresolved X-ray
source comprising the putative power sources is now resolved into at least 3
point-like sources, each with similar X-ray properties and differing radio and
submillimeter properties. The sources are HW9, HW3c, and a new source that is
undetected at other wavelengths "h10." They each have inferred X-ray
luminosities >= 10^31 erg s^-1 with hard spectra, T >= 10^7 K, and high
low-energy absorption equivalent to tens to as much as a hundred magnitudes of
visual absorption. The star usually assumed to be the most massive and
energetic, HW2, is not detected with an upper limit about 7 times lower than
the detections. The X-rays may arise via thermal bremsstrahlung in diffuse
emission regions associated with a gyrosynchrotron source for the radio
emission, or they could arise from powerful stellar winds. We also analyzed the
Spitzer/IRAC mid-IR observation from this star-formation region and present the
X-ray results and mid-IR classifications of the nearby stars. HH 168 is not as
underluminous in X-rays as previously reported.Comment: Accepted in the ApJ, 30 pages, 11 figures, in one .pdf fil
The effects of hip abduction with external rotation and reverse Trendelenburg position on the size of the femoral vein; ultrasonographic investigation
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Development of Key Technologies for White Lighting Based on Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
This program was organized to focus on materials development issues critical to the acceleration of solid-state lighting, and was split into three major thrust areas: (1) study of dislocation density reduction for GaN grown on sapphire using 'cantilever epitaxy', and the impact of dislocation density on the performance of state-of-the-art high-power LEDs; (2) the evaluation of in situ techniques for monitoring gas phase chemistry and the properties of GaN-based layers during metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD), and (3) feasibility for using semiconductor nanoparticles ('quantum dots') for the down-conversion of blue or ultraviolet light to generate white light. The program included a partnership between Lumileds Lighting (epitaxy and device fabrication for high power LEDs) and Sandia National Laboratories (cantilever epitaxy, gas phase chemistry, and quantum dot synthesis). Key findings included: (1) cantilever epitaxy can provide dislocation density reduction comparable to that of more complicated approaches, but all in one epitaxial growth step; however, further improvements are required to realize significant gains in LED performance at high drive currents, (2) in situ tools can provide detailed knowledge about gas phase chemistry, and can be used to monitor and control epitaxial layer composition and temperature to provide improved yields (e.g., a fivefold increase in color targeting is demonstrated for 540nm LEDs), and (3) quantum efficiency for quantum dots is improved and maintained up to 70% in epoxy thin films, but further work is necessary to increase densification (absorption) and robustness before practical application to LEDs
Ets-1 p51 and p42 isoforms differentially modulate Stromelysin-1 promoter according to induced DNA bend orientation
The Stromelysin-1 gene promoter contains a palindrome of two Ets-binding sites (EBS) that bind the p51 and p42 isoforms of the human Ets-1-transcription factor. A previous study established that full gene transactivation is associated with a ternary complex consisting of two p51 bound to the two EBS on the promoter. p42, only able to bind one of the two EBS, induces only very weak activity. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which the Stromelysin-1 promoter discriminates between p51 and p42. The differential stoichiometry of the two Ets-1 isoforms arises from the Stromelysin-1 EBS palindrome. The ternary complex requires the presence of two inhibitory domains flanking the DNA-binding domain and the ability to form an intramolecular autoinhibition module. Most importantly, the p51-ternary and the p42-binary complexes induce DNA curvatures with opposite orientations. These results establish that differential DNA bending, via p51 and p42 differential binding, is correlated with the Stromelysin-1 promoter activation process
Changing contexts and critical moments: interim outcomes for children and young people living through involuntary relocation
The aim of this article is to understand how involuntary relocation â in the context of transformational regeneration â affects children and young peopleâs (CYP) interim outcomes through its impacts on residential contexts, and its intersections with their transitions and critical moments. Findings are based on a longitudinal qualitative study of 13 familiesâ (comprising 32 CYP) lives as they relocated from high rise flats to different housing and neighbourhoods over three years. Relocation altered two key contexts directly, home and neighbourhood, and may have indirectly altered the other contexts â peers, school and family. However, we found there were as many non-relocation related factors as relocation factors associated with outcomes, and a number of significant critical moments affecting CYPâs lives. Whilst relocation can seem the âbig thingâ from the point of view of practitioners and researchers, from the perspective of CYP, it can seem a small part of the much bigger picture of change in their lives
The Cilium: Cellular Antenna and Central Processing Unit
Cilia mediate an astonishing diversity of processes. Recent advances provide unexpected insights into the regulatory mechanisms of cilium formation, and reveal diverse regulatory inputs that are related to the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, proteostasis, and cilia-mediated signaling itself. Ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance are regulated by reciprocal antagonistic or synergistic influences, often acting in parallel to each other. By receiving parallel inputs, cilia appear to integrate multiple signals into specific outputs and may have functions similar to logic gates of digital systems. Some combinations of input signals appear to impose higher hierarchical control related to the cell cycle. An integrated view of these regulatory inputs will be necessary to understand ciliogenesis and its wider relevance to human biology
Impact of buffer gas quenching on the S-1(0) -> P-1(1) ground-state atomic transition in nobelium
International audienceUsing the sensitive Radiation Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) techniquean optical transition in neutral nobelium (No, Z = 102) was identified. A remnant signal when delaying the ionizing laser indicated the influence of a strong buffer gas induced de-excitation of the optically populated level. A subsequent investigation of the chemical homologue, ytterbium (Yb, Z = 70), enabled a detailed study of the atomic levels involved in this process, leading to the development of a rate equation model. This paves the way for characterizing resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) schemes used in the studyof nobelium and beyond, where atomic properties are currently unknown
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