Barreiras na cooperação tecnológica leiteira / Barriers in technology cooperation in dairy sector

A inovação tem sido cada vez mais impulsionada pela cooperação tecnológica entre universidades e organizações, especialmente com a Transferência de Tecnologia (TT), contribuindo para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. A literatura aponta barreiras, entendidas como dificuldades, em processos de TT que envolvem universidades (agentes) e organizações (receptores). Em Mato Grosso do Sul, há mais de uma década, existe um reconhecido programa que envolve a TT na produção leiteira de universidades para produtores. A pesquisa que ora se apresenta objetivou analisar as barreiras no processo de TT do Programa. Como estratégia de pesquisa, adotou-se o estudo de caso, com base em entrevistas, documentos, matérias e artigos. Constatou-se que há barreiras que abrangem dificuldades por parte dos agentes (universidades), receptores (produtores) e no macrocontexto. As dificuldades analisadas permitiram corroborar parcialmente com barreiras identificadas por outros autores em processos de TTs, além de discutir e propor ações para o fortalecimento do programa e da cadeia produtiva leiteira no estado, e indicar sugestões para futuras pesquisas

Postradiation Matrix Metalloproteinase-20 Expression and Its Impact on Dental Micromorphology and Radiation-Related Caries

Recent evidence suggests that head-and-neck radiotherapy (HNRT) increases active forms of matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) in human tooth crowns, degrading the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and leading to enamel delamination, which is a pivotal step in the formation of radiation-related caries (RRC). Additional participation of enzymatic degradation of organic matrix components in caries progression was attributed to MMP-20 in dentin. Therefore, the current study tested the hypothesis that MMP-20 is overexpressed in the DEJ, dentin-pulp complex components, and carious dentin of post-HNRT patients, leading to detectable micromorphological changes to the enamel and dentin. Thirty-six teeth were studied, including 19 post-HNRT specimens and 17 nonirradiated controls. Optical light microscopy was used to investigate the micromorphological components of the DEJ, dentin-pulp complex components, and carious dentin. The samples were divided into 2 subgroups: nondemineralized ground sections (n = 20) and demineralized histological sections (n = 16). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis using the immunoperoxidase technique was conducted to semiquantitatively assess MMP-20 expression in the DEJ, dentin-pulp complex components, and carious dentin. No apparent damage to the DEJ microstructure or other dentin-pulp complex components was observed and no statistically significant differences were detected in MMP-20 expression (p > 0.05) between the irradiated and control groups. This study rejected the hypothesis that MMP-20 is overexpressed in the DEJ, dentin-pulp complex components, and carious dentin of post-HNRT patients, leading to detectable micromorphological changes. Hence, direct effects of radiation may not be regarded as an independent factor to explain aggressive clinical patterns of RRC. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, BaselPeer reviewe

Dentin-pulp complex reactions in conventional and radiation-related caries : a comparative study

Radiation-related caries (RRC) is one of the most significant oral toxicities of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT); however, the potential of radiation to directly cause harmful dentin and pulpal effects and impair response to caries progression is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the reactions of the dentin-pulp complex in teeth affected by RRC. Patients and methods: Twenty-two carious teeth extracted from 22 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were divided into control (conventional caries; n=11) and irradiated (RRC; n=11) groups and paired matched by dental homology, clinical patterns of caries progression following the Post-Radiation Dental Index (PRDI) and microscopic depth of carious invasion. Histopathological characteristics based on morphological hierarchy, cell populations of dental pulp, blood vessels, neural elements, extracellular matrix components, inflammation, patterns of carious invasion and reactionary dentin presence were evaluated by optical light microscopy and histomorphometry. Mean PRDI scores were 3.2 for the control group and 3.8 for the irradiated group. Dentin demineralization patterns were also similar between the groups and the mean depths of demineralization were 1,158.58µm and 1,056.89µm for the control and irradiated groups, respectively. Pulp histopathological changes and dentin reaction patterns were similar between groups and varied according to the PRDI scores and carious lesions depth. Dentin and pulp reactions are highly preserved in RRC teeth

Polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers and nanocellulose in the automotive industry: a short review

Environmental concerns and cost reduction have encouraged the use of natural fillers as reinforcement in polymer composites. Currently, a wide variety of reinforcement, such as natural fibers and nanocellulose, are used for this purpose. Composite materials with natural fillers have not only met the environmental appeal, but also contribute to developing low-density materials with improved properties. The production of natural fillers is unlimited around the world, and many species are still to be discovered. Their processing is considered beneficial since the natural fillers do not cause corrosion or great wear of the equipment. For these reasons, polymer reinforced with natural fillers has been considered a good alternative for obtaining ecofriendly materials for several applications, including the automotive industry. This review explores the use of natural fillers (natural fibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and nanofibrillated cellulose) as reinforcement in polymer composites for the automotive industry323172016/09588-9; 2016/09588-9; 2016/09588-9CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paul

The impact of head and neck radiotherapy on the dentine-enamel junction : a systematic review

Radiotherapy is widely used in contemporary head and neck cancer treatment protocols. The ability of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) to cause direct radiogenic destruction to the teeth is one of the most controversial topics in the field of oral oncology. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate ionising radiation as an independent factor for physical and chemical changes on the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ), a pivotal dental topography for the onset and progression of radiation-related caries (RRC) and enamel delamination. Systematic searches were conducted on three databases: Scopus, MEDLINE (Via PubMed) and Embase (Elsevier). Laboratory studies evaluating the effects of simulated or in vivo HNRT on the DEJ were included. The GRADE tool adapted for in vitro studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Of the 154 initially selected studies, eight met the inclusion criteria, from which five studies were graded as high quality of evidence, two studies were graded as moderate quality and one as low quality. Two studies did not demonstrate DEJ alterations following HNRT while the other six articles described several organic and inorganic changes in the DEJ of irradiated teeth samples. These radiogenic events were mostly detected through micro and nanoindentation, Raman micro-spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, Western blotting and optical coherence tomography. HNRT may have a negative impact on the physical and chemical aspects of the DEJ, predisposing cancer patients to RRC and enamel delamination

ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA IMUNOMEDIADA ASSOCIADA À MICOPLASMOSE EM UM CÃO

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose,neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e uréia.Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasmaspp.emesfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente

Caracterização morfológica de nanocristais de celulose por microscopia de força atômica

O isolamento de nanocristais de celulose (CNCs) de fibras vegetais é uma alternativa promissora para suaaplicação como reforço em matrizes poliméricas. A caracterização dos CNCs é fundamental para a confiabilidadeda técnica, além de determinar as aplicações possíveis a partir de cada tipo de fibra. A partir da técnicade microscopia de força atômica, um estudo da morfologia e distribuição dos CNCs de semente de manga,vagem de algaroba, pseudocaule da bananeira e fibra do mesocarpo de dendê foi realizado neste trabalho. OsCNCs foram obtidos via reação hidrolítica com ácido sulfúrico em concentrações que variaram de acordocom a fonte da fibra. Os resultados obtidos revelaram dimensões variando de 300 a 500 nm em comprimentoe 4 a 16 nm em diâmetro. A apresentação morfológica em forma de agulha demonstrou que o isolamento dasfibras de celulose em CNCs foi efetiva. A razão de aspecto associada à formação cilíndrica em agulha dosCNCs isolados evidenciou o alto potencial das fontes de dendê e de vagem de algaroba para o reforço de bionanocompósitos

COMPLICAÇÕES PUERPERAIS EM UM MODELO MEDICALIZADO DE ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as complicações puerperais em mulheres atendidas para o parto pelo setor público de saúde. Método: estudo transversal com 358 puérperas que tiveram parto financiado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em município do Sul do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas: entrevista com a puérpera na internação hospitalar - pelo menos 12 horas após o parto; consulta ao prontuário materno para levantar informações referentes às características sociodemográficas, intervenções e complicações; e contato telefônico com a puérpera 40 dias após o parto para levantamento de possíveis complicações tardias. As complicações foram analisadas segundo dados sociodemográficos, obstétricos, dados do recém-nascido e intervenção obstétrica realizada durante o trabalho de parto ou parto. A análise de associação foi avaliada por meio do cálculo do qui-quadrado, com nível de significância p≤0,05. Resultados: das puérperas, 31,3% tiveram pelo menos uma complicação puerperal cuja necessidade de antimicrobianos foi a mais frequente (12,8%) e as complicações placentárias as menos frequente (2,5%). A cesariana esteve associada à utilização de antimicrobianos (OR=2,2; p=0,0211) e à reinternação (OR=9,9; p=0,007). Foi observado progressivo aumento de complicações puerperais quanto maior o número de intervenções realizadas, o que indica que os hospitais estudados ainda adotam o modelo medicalizado de assistência ao parto, com elevados índices de intervenções obstétricas. Conclusão: a alta taxa de complicações puerperais esteve associada ao modelo obstétrico medicalizado, o que pode ser evidenciado pela ocorrência de complicações independentes do tipo de parto

Nanocellulose/bioactive glass cryogels as scaffolds for bone regeneration

A major challenge exists in the preparation of scaffolds for bone regeneration, namely, achieving simultaneously bioactivity, biocompatibility, mechanical performance and simple manufacturing. Here, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are introduced for the preparation of scaffolds taking advantage of their biocompatibility and ability to form strong 3D porous networks from aqueous suspensions. CNF are made bioactive for bone formation through a simple and scalable strategy that achieves highly interconnected 3D networks. The resultant materials optimally combine morphological and mechanical features and facilitate hydroxyapatite formation while releasing essential ions for in vivo bone repair. The porosity and roughness of the scaffolds favor several cell functions while the ions act in the expression of genes associated with cell differentiation. Ion release is found critical to enhance the production of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) from cells within the fractured area, thus accelerating the in vivo bone repair. Systemic biocompatibility indicates no negative effects on vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. The results pave the way towards a facile preparation of advanced, high performance CNF-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering