Oneerlijke handelspraktijken in de precontractuele fase en de leer der wilsgebreken

status: publishe

Het juridisch welzijn van dierentransport: de strafrechtelijke regeling van dierentransport over de weg

status: publishe

Can Immersive Sound Therapy Counteract Neurodegeneration by Enhancing Glymphatic Clearance? Comment on Sachdeva et al. Effects of Sound Interventions on the Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier and Meningeal Lymphatic Clearance. <i>Brain Sci.</i> 2022, <i>12</i>, 742

We would like to congratulate Sachdeva and colleagues for establishing an informative review regarding the effects of music/sound exposure on blood–brain barrier permeability and meningeal lymphatic/glymphatic clearance, and would appreciate the opportunity to make a comment. The review by Sachdeva and colleagues documents the beneficial effects of sound interventions on blood–brain barrier permeability and the activity of the meningeal lymphatic/glymphatic system. The authors further note that sound interventions may have the potential to reduce the accumulation of amyloid-β within the brain in Alzheimer’s disease through improved meningeal lymphatic/glymphatic clearance. The authors also nicely discuss evidence that music influences sleep quality, which may facilitate glymphatic solute clearance as a result of an increase in the interstitial space, which results in reduced resistance to fluid transport. We fully agree with this notion, since we recently hypothesized that immersive sound therapy may be an innovative approach to reduce the individual risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, by inducing EEG slow-wave delta oscillations (which characterize deep sleep), thereby promoting glymphatic clearance

The effect of music therapy compared with general recreational activities in reducing agitation in people with dementia:a randomised controlled trial

<p>Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of music therapy with general recreational day activities in reducing agitation in people with dementia, residing in nursing home facilities. Methods In a randomised controlled design, residents with dementia (n=94) were allocated to either music therapy or recreational activities. Both music therapy and general activities were offered twice weekly for 4months. Changes in agitation were measured with a modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) at four intervals on each intervention day. A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy, compared with general activities, on CMAI scores at 4h after the intervention, controlled for CMAI scores at 1h before the session and session number. Results Data were analysed for 77 residents (43 randomised to music therapy and 34 to general activities). In both groups, the intervention resulted in a decrease in agitated behaviours from 1h before to 4h after each session. This decrease was somewhat greater in the music therapy group than in the general activities group, but this difference was statistically not significant (F=2.885, p=0.090) and disappeared completely after adjustment for Global Deterioration Scale stage (F=1.500; p=0.222). Conclusions Both music therapy and recreational activities lead to a short-term decrease in agitation, but there was no additional beneficial effect of music therapy over general activities. More research is required to provide insight in the effects of music therapy in reducing agitation in demented older people. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p>