35 research outputs found
Academic language socialisation in high school writing conferences
This study examines multilingual high school writersâ individual talk with their teachers in two advanced English language development classes to observe how such talk shapes linguistically diverse adolescentsâ writing. Addressing adolescent writersâ language socialization through microethnographic discourse analysis, the author argues that teachersâ oral responses during writing conferences can either scaffold or deter studentsâ socialization into valued ways of using academic language for school writing. She suggests what forms of oral response provide scaffolding and what forms might limit multilingual adolescent learnersâ academic literacy. Constructive interactions engaged students in dialogue about their writing, and students included content or phrasing from the interaction in their texts. Unhelpful interactions failed to foster studentsâ language development in observable ways. Although teachers attempted to scaffold ideas and language, they often did not guide studentsâ discovery of appropriate forms or points. These interactions represent restrictive academic language socialization: while some students did create academic texts, they learned little about academic language use
Bounds on the possible evolution of the Gravitational Constant from Cosmological Type-Ia Supernovae
Recent high-redshift Type Ia supernovae results can be used to set new bounds
on a possible variation of the gravitational constant . If the local value
of at the space-time location of distant supernovae is different, it would
change both the kinetic energy release and the amount of Ni synthesized
in the supernova outburst. Both effects are related to a change in the
Chandrasekhar mass . In addition, the integrated
variation of with time would also affect the cosmic evolution and therefore
the luminosity distance relation. We show that the later effect in the
magnitudes of Type Ia supernovae is typically several times smaller than the
change produced by the corresponding variation of the Chandrasekhar mass. We
investigate in a consistent way how a varying could modify the Hubble
diagram of Type Ia supernovae and how these results can be used to set upper
bounds to a hypothetical variation of . We find G/G_0 \la 1.1 and G'/G
\la 10^{-11} yr^{-1} at redshifts . These new bounds extend the
currently available constrains on the evolution of all the way from solar
and stellar distances to typical scales of Gpc/Gyr, i.e. by more than 15 orders
of magnitudes in time and distance.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. D. in pres
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
How Contracts and Enforcement Explain Transaction Outcomes
This study considers the influence of contracts on enforcement and the subsequent performance impact of aligned and misaligned enforcement. We define enforcement as a corrective action aimed at remedying problems occurring in the transaction. First we explain the role of contracts and show that at the component level, contracts can both increase and decrease enforcement. Building on an alignment perspective and accounting for the endogeneity of enforcement, we use these contractual components and variables related to enforcement to predict the occurrence of enforcement. We use such predictions to show that aligned enforcement results in higher performance. We also show that the performance impact of misaligned enforcement is relatively greater for transactions where enforcement is not expected. We conduct the study using a unique dataset reporting on 971 business transactions across a wide range of industries. © 2013 Elsevier B.V