José María de Miguel Gil (28/05/1983 - 24/07/1987) (PSOE). Discurso de investidura: Sesión Plenaria número 6, celebrada el día 28 de Mayo de 1983

Abstract not availabl

Pobreza y salud

Las enfermedades no se distribuyen aleatoriamente entre la población, los condicionantes socioeconómicos influyen poderosamente en generar enfermedad. Existen importantes evidencias, recogidas de la epidemiología, la economía de la salud y las ciencias sociales, que demuestran cómo la pobreza o las crisis económicas generan desigualdades en salud, tanto a nivel individual como poblacional. Para eliminar las desigualdades en salud es imprescindible la iniciativa de las instituciones públicas y de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, además de establecer un marco de cooperación entre todas ellas. Esta necesidad se hace más aún urgente en el contexto de crisis que vivimos, en el que la brecha económica entre clases se está acentuando mientras que las políticas del estado del bienestar se debilitan

Semiclassical approximation of the Wigner function for the canonical ensemble

The Weyl-Wigner representation of quantum mechanics allows one to map the density operator in a function in phase space - the Wigner function - which acts like a probability distribution. In the context of statistical mechanics, this mapping makes the transition from the classical to the quantum regimes very clear, because the thermal Wigner function tends to the Boltzmann distribution in the high temperature limit. We approximate this quantum phase space representation of the canonical density operator for general temperatures in terms of classical trajectories, which are obtained through a Wick rotation of the semiclassical approximation for the Weyl propagator. A numerical scheme which allows us to apply the approximation for a broad class of systems is also developed. The approximation is assessed by testing it against systems with one and two degrees of freedom, which shows that, for a considerable range of parameters, the thermodynamic averages are well reproduced

A systematic literature review

Barriguinha, A., Neto, M. D. C., & Gil, A. (2021). Vineyard yield estimation, prediction, and forecasting: A systematic literature review. Agronomy, 11(9), 1-27. [1789]. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091789Purpose—knowing in advance vineyard yield is a critical success factor so growers and winemakers can achieve the best balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. It is also essential for planning and regulatory purposes at the regional level. Estimation errors are mainly due to the high inter-annual and spatial variability and inadequate or poor performance sampling methods; therefore, improved applied methodologies are needed at different spatial scales. This paper aims to identify the alternatives to traditional estimation methods. Design/methodology/approach—this study consists of a systematic literature review of academic articles indexed on four databases collected based on multiple query strings conducted on title, abstract, and keywords. The articles were reviewed based on the research topic, methodology, data requirements, practical application, and scale using PRISMA as a guideline. Findings—the methodological approaches for yield estimation based on indirect methods are primarily applicable at a small scale and can provide better estimates than the traditional manual sampling. Nevertheless, most of these approaches are still in the research domain and lack practical applicability in real vineyards by the actual farmers. They mainly depend on computer vision and image processing algorithms, data-driven models based on vegetation indices and pollen data, and on relating climate, soil, vegetation, and crop management variables that can support dynamic crop simulation models. Research limitations—this work is based on academic articles published before June 2021. Therefore, scientific outputs published after this date are not included. Originality/value—this study contributes to perceiving the approaches for estimating vineyard yield and identifying research gaps for future developments, and supporting a future research agenda on this topic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first systematic literature review fully dedicated to vineyard yield estimation, prediction, and forecasting methods.publishersversionpublishe

Commentary: Consumer Reports of "Keto Flu" Associated With the Ketogenic Diet

CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, M.P. (CIBER) Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Breast cancer mortality in Spain: Has it really declined?

Objectives: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has increased in Spain but mortality has decreased, particularly since 1992. Despite the general decrease in mortality, the intensity of this disease differs between age groups. The main objective of this study was to examine mortality due to breast cancer for different age groups in Spain from 1981 to 2007, and to forecast the mortality rate in 2023. Study design: Ecological study. Methods: Trends in mortality due to breast cancer were analysed using the LeeeCarter model, which is the typical analysis for mortality in the general population but is rarely used to analyse specific causes of death. Results: This study found a decreasing trend in mortality due to breast cancer from 1993 to 2007, and it is predicted that this trend will continue. However, mortality rates varied between age groups: a decreasing trend was seen in younger and middle-aged women, whereas mortality rates remained stable in older women. Conclusions: Preventive breast cancer practices should differ by patient age.Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain, Projects MTM2010-14961 and MTM2008-05152.Álvaro Meca, A.; Debón Aucejo, AM.; Gil Prieto, R.; Gil De Miguel, Á. (2012). Breast cancer mortality in Spain: Has it really declined?. Public Health. 126(10):891-895. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.031S8918951261

Utilização da viola d'arco no estudo de violino

O estudo da viola d´arco demonstrou ser uma prática comum entre conceituados violinistas. Nesta investigação é pretendido perceber de que forma é que a utilização da viola d´arco como ferramenta de estudo para os violinistas poderá ser algo benéfico, assim como perceber as implicações da transição de um instrumento para o outro.The study of viola was a common practice between renowned violinists. In this research it is intended to understand how the use of the viola as a study tool for violinists can be beneficial, as well as to understand the implications of the transition from one instrument to the other.Mestrado em Ensino de Músic

Modelos de selección y promoción de profesorado. Las Ciencias de la Salud

Los contratos del profesorado en Ciencias de la Salud son singulares: intervienen las consejerías de Sanidad y las propias universidades. Hay que pensar en un número mínimo de profesores titulares y catedráticos en cada hospital universitario que permita crear un grupo de referencia para la docencia

Using NDVI, climate data and machine learning to estimate yield in the Douro wine region

Barriguinha, A., Jardim, B., De Castro Neto, M., & Gil, A. (2022). Using NDVI, climate data and machine learning to estimate yield in the Douro wine region. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 114(November), 1-14. [103069]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.103069 -- Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge: IVDP - Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto, IP (Institute of Douro and Port Wines) (https://www.ivdp.pt/en), for providing historical data related to wine grape production for the entire DDR at the parish level; IPMA - Instituto Portuguˆes do Mar e da Atmosfera, IP (Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere)Estimating vineyard yield in advance is essential for planning and regulatory purposes at the regional level, with growing importance in a long-term scenario of perceived climate change. With few tools available, the current study aimed to develop a yield estimation model based on remote sensing and climate data with a machine-learning approach. Using a satellite-based time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from Sentinel 2 images and climate data acquired by local automatic weather stations, a system for yield prediction based on a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network was implemented. The study was conducted in the Douro Demarcated Region in Portugal over the period 2016–2021 using yield data from 169 administrative areas that cover 250,000 ha, in which 43,000 ha of the vineyard are in production. The optimal combination of input features, with an Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 672.55 kg/ha and an Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 81.30 kg/ha, included the NDVI, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Precipitation, and Wind Intensity. The model was tested for each year, using it as the test set, while all other years were used as input to train the model. Two different moments in time, corresponding to FLO (flowering) and VER (veraison), were considered to estimate in advance wine grape yield. The best prediction was made for 2020 at VER, with the model overestimating the yield per hectare by 8 %, with the average absolute error for the entire period being 17 %. The results show that with this approach, it is possible to estimate wine grape yield accurately in advance at different scales.publishersversionpublishe