Arbeitsmedizin

Das Kapitel ist in vier Unterkapital gegliedert. "Allgemeines zur Arbeitsmedizin" beinhaltet die Rolle und Ziele der Arbeitsmedizin und die wesentlichen gesetzlichen Grundlagen. "Berufskrankheiten" umfasst die Berufs- und Arbeitsplatzanamnese sowie die wichtigsten Berufskrankheiten und Noxen. Das dritte Unterkapitel behandelt die arbeitsassoziierten Gesundheitsstörungen, die Ergonomie, Arbeitsorganisation und Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Kapitel "Absenzen- und Case Management" sowie "Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung und Arbeitsgestaltung" zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, wie ein Betrieb die Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit seiner Mitarbeiter aufrechterhalten und fördern kann. Das Kapitel befähigt die Studierenden, die Interaktion zwischen Arbeit und Gesundheit zu erkennen und adäquate Massnahmen zu ergreifen.[Autoren]]]> Occupational Medicine ; Occupational Diseases oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_EFD9005BC107 2020-05-30T01:25:30Z phdthesis urnserval https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_EFD9005BC107 Résultats à court terme des arthroplasties totales de hanche non cimentées chez des patients de moins de 60 ans Larequi, Ivan-Philippe Université de Lausanne, Faculté de médecine info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis phdthesis 1999 fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_EFD9005BC107.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_EFD9005BC1073 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_EFD9005BC1073 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Restricted: indefinite embargo Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_EFD90D5BB70B 2020-05-30T01:25:30Z openaire documents urnserval https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_EFD90D5BB70B Association Between Plasma Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines and Metabolic Parameters in a Psychiatric Population Treated With Psychotropic Drugs Inducing Metabolic Disturbances info:doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00573 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00573 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/30473668 Delacrétaz, Aurélie Vandenberghe, Frederik Glatard, Anaïs Levier, Axel Dubath, Céline Ansermot, Nicolas Crettol, Séverine Gholam-Rezaee, Mehdi Guessous, Idris Bochud, Murielle von Gunten, Armin Conus, Philippe Eap, Chin B. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2018-11-09 Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 9 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1664-0640 <![CDATA[Importance: Multiple studies conducted in the general population identified an association between self-reported coffee consumption and plasma lipid levels. To date, no study assessed whether and which plasma methylxanthines (caffeine and/or its metabolites, i.e., paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine) are associated with plasma lipids. In psychiatric patients, an important coffee consumption is often reported and many psychotropic drugs can induce a rapid and substantial increase of plasma lipid levels. Objective: To determine whether plasma methylxanthines are associated with metabolic parameters in psychiatric patients receiving treatments known to induce metabolic disturbances. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were obtained from a prospective study including 630 patients with metabolic parameters [i.e., body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and fasting triglycerides (TG)] monitored routinely during psychotropic treatment. Exposures: Plasma methylxanthines levels. Main Outcomes and Measures: Metabolic variables including BMI and plasma lipid levels. Results: Multivariate analyses indicated that BMI, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C increased significantly with increasing total methylxanthines (pcorrected &lt;= 0.05). In addition, compared to patients with plasma caffeine concentration in the lowest quartile, those with caffeine concentration in the highest quartile were twice more prone to suffer from non-HDL hypercholesterolemia (p(corrected) = 0.05), five times more likely to suffer from hypertriglyceridemia (p(corrected) = 0.01) and four times more susceptible to be overweight (p(corrected) = 0.01). Conclusions and Relevance: This study showed that plasma caffeine and other methylxanthines are associated with worsening of metabolic parameters in patients receiving psychotropic treatments known to induce metabolic disturbances. It emphasizes that important caffeine consumption could be considered as an additional environmental risk factor for metabolic worsening in patients receiving such treatments

Association Between Plasma Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines and Metabolic Parameters in a Psychiatric Population Treated With Psychotropic Drugs Inducing Metabolic Disturbances

Importance: Multiple studies conducted in the general population identified an association between self-reported coffee consumption and plasma lipid levels. To date, no study assessed whether and which plasma methylxanthines (caffeine and/or its metabolites, i.e., paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine) are associated with plasma lipids. In psychiatric patients, an important coffee consumption is often reported and many psychotropic drugs can induce a rapid and substantial increase of plasma lipid levels.Objective: To determine whether plasma methylxanthines are associated with metabolic parameters in psychiatric patients receiving treatments known to induce metabolic disturbances.Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were obtained from a prospective study including 630 patients with metabolic parameters [i.e., body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and fasting triglycerides (TG)] monitored routinely during psychotropic treatment.Exposures: Plasma methylxanthines levels.Main Outcomes and Measures: Metabolic variables including BMI and plasma lipid levels.Results: Multivariate analyses indicated that BMI, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C increased significantly with increasing total methylxanthines (pcorrected ≤ 0.05). In addition, compared to patients with plasma caffeine concentration in the lowest quartile, those with caffeine concentration in the highest quartile were twice more prone to suffer from non-HDL hypercholesterolemia (pcorrected = 0.05), five times more likely to suffer from hypertriglyceridemia (pcorrected = 0.01) and four times more susceptible to be overweight (pcorrected = 0.01).Conclusions and Relevance: This study showed that plasma caffeine and other methylxanthines are associated with worsening of metabolic parameters in patients receiving psychotropic treatments known to induce metabolic disturbances. It emphasizes that important caffeine consumption could be considered as an additional environmental risk factor for metabolic worsening in patients receiving such treatments

Geostatistics of Extremes:A Composite Likelihood Approach

Extreme climate events have been investigated by many researchers in recent decades, and statisticians too have developed statistical tools capable of dealing with them. Although extreme value theory has been extensively developed and used in modelling events such as extreme rainfall and heat waves, the spatial nature of climate data requires new tools to deal with spatial extremes. This thesis first reviews existing models and methods for modelling extreme events, and then combines spatial max-stable random processes and composite likelihood to allow likelihood-based inference on spatial extreme data. The properties of these models and estimators are assessed by simulation and a data set on Swiss temperature at 17 sites for 45 years is analysed, with simulation used to make predictions of future extreme events. The same methodology can be employed for extremes in one-dimensional space, and it is illustrated by the analysis of the extremes of a rainfall time series

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Penn Parkinson Daily Activities Questionnaire-15

Introduction: Appropriate information about the ability of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) to perform cognitive instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is necessary. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Penn Parkinson daily activities questionnaire-15 (PDAQ-15). Methods: A total of 165 knowledgeable informants of PD patients completed the PDAQ-15. The clinical dementia rating scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and Lawton IADL scale were used in the study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated by the Cronbach α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. To examine the dimensionality of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used. The construct validity was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation test. To assess the discriminative validity, PDAQ-15 scores were compared across cognitive stages. Results: The PDAQ-15 showed strong internal consistency (the Cronbach α=0.99) and test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.99). Only one dimension was identified for the PDAQ-15 in the factor analysis. There was a strong correlation between PDAQ-15 with the depression domain of the HADS scale and the Lawton IADL scale (rs=|0.71–0.95|). The correlation of PDAQ-15 with the anxiety domain of the HADS scale was moderate (rs=0.66). Discriminative validity analysis showed that the PDAQ-15 has significant power to discriminate between PD patients across cognitive stages. Conclusion: These results suggest that the PDAQ-15 is a valid and reliable PD-specific instrument and can be useful in clinical and research settings

Detecting computer-generated random responding in online questionnaires: An extension of Dupuis, Meier & Cuneo (2019) on dichotomous data

Some authors recently underlined the existence of programs generating invalid responses in online surveys as an emerging threat for the different crowdsourced research fields (e.g., botnets, form fillers or survey bots). Accordingly, online data research might include computer-generated sets of responses representing invalid data at risk of largely distorting study results. Several statistical indices exist in order to detect problematic data. In line with a previous study that compared these indices in Likert-type scale questionnaire data, this study purported to extend the analyses with dichotomous-itemed questionnaires. Three samples of about more than 2,000 participants were mixed with different proportions (i.e., 5% to 50%) of simulated data to mimic their effect. Then, seven indices were compared in terms of correct detections of non-human response sets. Consistent with former findings, three indices resulted in superior correct detection rates: response coherence, the Mahalanobis distance and the person-total correlation. Two of them can easily be computed using basic statistical sofware. The current study findings represent an encouragement to use them in priority as routine for data screening

Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a psychiatric emergency setting

Background and Objectives: (i) to assess the prevalence of PTSD in a psychiatric emergency setting by means of a diagnostic instrument and to compare it with PTSD-prevalence of a clinically evaluated, historical sample; and (ii) to assess psychiatric residents' perception of the systematic use of this diagnostic instrument. Methods: A consecutive sample of patients (N = 403) evaluated for a psychiatric emergency was assessed with the module J (PTSD) of the MINI, the historical sample (N = 350), assessed by chart review, consisted of consecutive patients of the same setting evaluated one year prior to the study period. Residents' perceptions were assessed by means of a focus group. Results: While in only 0.57% of the historical sample (N = 350) a diagnosis of PTSD was recorded, 20.3% (N = 64) of the patients assessed with the diagnostic instrument (N = 316) qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD. Higher prevalence rates were observed in refugees and those without legal residency status (50%); patients from countries with a recent history of war (47.1%); those with four (44.4%) or three psychiatric co-morbidities (35.3%); migrants (29.8%) and patients without professional income (25%). Residents felt that the systematic use of the tool was not adequate in the psychiatric emergency setting for various reasons (e.g.: not suitable for a first or single consultation, negative impact on the clinical evaluation). Conclusions: The study confirms that PTSD is underdiagnosed in the psychiatric emergency setting. To improve the situation, targeted screening or educational and institutional strategies are needed

Psychotropic drug-induced weight gain and other metabolic complications in a Swiss psychiatric population

To describe the weight gain-related side-effects of psychotropic drugs and their consequences on metabolic complications (hypercholesterolemia, obesity) in a Swiss cohort of psychiatric patients