9 research outputs found
On the deviation from Maxwellian of the ion velocity distribution functions in the turbulent magnetosheath
The degree of deviation from the thermodynamic equilibrium in the ion
velocity distribution functions (VDFs), measured by the Magnetospheric
Multiscale (MMS) mission in the Earth's turbulent magnetosheath, is
quantitatively investigated. Taking advantage of MMS ion data, having a
resolution never reached before in space missions, and of the comparison with
Vlasov-Maxwell simulations, this analysis aims at relating any deviation from
Maxwellian equilibrium to typical plasma parameters. Correlations of the
non-Maxwellian features with plasma quantities such as electric fields, ion
temperature, current density and ion vorticity are very similar in both
magnetosheath data and numerical experiments, and suggest that distortions in
the ion VDFs occur close to (but not exactly at) peaks in current density and
ion temperature. Similar results have also been found during a magnetopause
crossing by MMS. This work could help clarifying the origin of distortion of
the ion VDFs in space plasmas
História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos: um balanço de 12 anos de circulação ininterrupta
Debate sobre o artigo de Regina Cele de A. Bodstein Debate on the paper by Regina Cele de A. Bodstein
Authentic and hubristic pride: Differential relations to aspects of goal regulation, affect, and self-control
Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries
Background:
Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000–14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0–24 years).
Methods:
We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0–14 years), adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis.
Findings:
164 563 young people were included in this analysis: 121 328 (73·7%) children, 22 963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20 272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010–14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28 205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010–14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000–14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries.
Interpretation:
This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group