Ausbildung statt Ausgrenzung

Im Jahr 2005 startete der Berliner Senat ein spannendes Experiment: Wie können sich die öffentlichen Verwaltungen und Landesbetriebe öffnen und mehr Migrant*innen als Beschäftigte gewinnen? Der Senat wollte Verantwortung in eigener Sache übernehmen, da er bis dahin selbst nur wenig Personal aus Einwanderer-Communities beschäftigte. Die zentralen Fragen waren: Was sollte und konnte man an den Einstellungsverfahren und in der Ausbildung ändern? Und wie kann man als Arbeitgeber für Migrant*innen attraktiv werden? Andreas Germershausen und Wilfried Kruse zeichnen mehr als ein Jahrzehnt Berliner Teilhabepolitik nach und zeigen auf, was interkulturelle Öffnung und Diversity-Orientierung in der Berufsausbildung konkret bedeuten

Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Präventionsangebote zu durch Blut und sexuell übertragenen Infektionen bei Drogengebrauchenden

Im Rahmen einer Kurzbefragung zur aktuellen Situation in niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfeeinrichtungen in der COVID-19-Krise wurden 41 Einrichtungen angeschrieben. Die zusammengefassten Rückmeldungen der niedrigschwelligen Einrichtungen der Drogenhilfe zeigen, dass es gravierende Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Präventionsangebote für Blut- und sexuell übertragene Infektionskrankheiten durch die COVID-19-Krise gibt. Die Krise hat zeitweise zu einer vollständigen Schließung von Einrichtungen geführt, wobei viele mittlerweile unter Einhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Hygiene- und Abstandsregeln wieder öffnen konnten. Dies hat auch aktuell noch Auswirkungen auf die Beratungsmöglichkeiten, Testangebote, Konsum- und Aufenthaltsmöglichkeiten.Peer Reviewe

Hildesheimer Geographische Studien, Band 5

In diesem Band enthalten: Hannah Graen, Robin Stadtmann & Martin Sauerwein: Modellierung von Temperaturdaten und Temperaturveränderungen im Nationalpark Asinara, Sardinien (S. 1-27); Sarah Matheis, Nico Herrmann & Martin Sauerwein: Entwicklung eines Monitoringkonzeptes für Niedermoore am Beispiel des Bergen-Weißacker Moores, Süd-Brandenburg (S. 28-63); Martin Sauerwein, Jan-Philip Dieck & Robin Stadtmann: Urbane Böden im Kontext von Ecosystem Services (S. 64-89); Martin Sauerwein, Julia Jaquemotte & Lars Germershausen: Ursachen der Nitratbelastung des Grundwassers im Raum Hannover/Hildesheim (S. 90-110); Sabine Panzer-Krause: Einkaufen in der Hildesheimer Innenstadt. Auswirkungen der Arneken Galerie auf den innerstädtischen Einzelhandel (S. 111-132); Robin Stadtmann, Nico Herrmann, Jasmin Karaschewski & Martin Sauerwein: Bodenbewusstsein: Hildesheimer Aktivitäten zum Jahr des Bodens 2015 (S. 133-140

Investigation of emitter homogeneity on laser doped emitters

The selective emitter formation by laser doping is a well known process to increase the efficiency of silicon solar cells [1], [2]. For the characterization of laser doped emitters, SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and ECV (Electrochemical Capacitance Voltage Measurement) techniques are used to analyze the emitter profile [3]. It is very difficult to get acceptable result by SIMS on a textured surface, so only ECV can be used. It has been shown, that a charge carrier depth profile can be measured on a homogeneous emitter only by ECV. The use of laser doping results in a non-homogeneous emitter. We have shown that the emitter depth is not just a function of the pulse power, but in addition of the surface structure of the wafer. The texture seems responsible for a strong variability in the doping profile. It has been shown, that the ECV measurement is not applicable to characterize the emitter depth on laser doped areas, because of the microscopic inhomogeneities in the emitter on the macroscopic measurement area. The real emitter profiles are to complex to be characterized by SIMS or ECV. We have shown that the variation in the emitter profile is resulting from the texture in the laser-doped regions

Investigation of emitter homogeneity on laser doped emitters

The selective emitter formation by laser doping is a well known process to increase the efficiency of silicon solar cells [1], [2]. For the characterization of laser doped emitters, SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and ECV (Electrochemical Capacitance Voltage Measurement) techniques are used to analyze the emitter profile [3]. It is very difficult to get acceptable result by SIMS on a textured surface, so only ECV can be used. It has been shown, that a charge carrier depth profile can be measured on a homogeneous emitter only by ECV. The use of laser doping results in a non-homogeneous emitter. We have shown that the emitter depth is not just a function of the pulse power, but in addition of the surface structure of the wafer. The texture seems responsible for a strong variability in the doping profile. It has been shown, that the ECV measurement is not applicable to characterize the emitter depth on laser doped areas, because of the microscopic inhomogeneities in the emitter on the macroscopic measurement area. The real emitter profiles are to complex to be characterized by SIMS or ECV. We have shown that the variation in the emitter profile is resulting from the texture in the laser-doped regions

Simvastatin promotes cardiac myocyte relaxation in association with phosphorylation of Troponin I

The number of people taking statins is set to increase across the globe due to recent changes in prescription guidelines. For example, half the US population over 40 is now eligible for these drugs, whether they have high serum cholesterol or not. With such development in policy comes a stronger need for understanding statins’ myriad of effects. Surprisingly little is known about possible direct actions of statins on cardiac myocytes, although claims of a direct myocardial toxicity have been made. Here we determine the impact of simvastatin administration (40 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks in normocholesterolaemic rats on cardiac myocyte contractile function and identify an underlying mechanism. Under basal conditions, statin treatment increased the time to half (t0.5) relaxation without any effect on the magnitude of shortening, or the magnitude/kinetics of the [Ca2+]i transient. Enhanced myocyte lusitropy could be explained by a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) at Ser23,24. Statin treatment increased expression of eNOS and Ser1177 phosphorylated eNOS, decreased expression of the NOS-inhibitory proteins caveolin 1 and 3, and increased (P=0.06) NO metabolites, consistent with enhanced NO production. It is well established that NO stimulates protein kinase G, one of the effectors of TnI phosphorylation at Ser23,24. Trends for parallel changes in phospho-TnI, phospho-eNOS and caveolin 1 expression were seen in atrial muscle from patients taking statins. Our data are consistent with a mechanism whereby chronic statin treatment enhances TnI phosphorylation and myocyte lusitropy through increased NO bioavailability. We see no evidence of impaired function with statin treatment; the changes we document at the level of the cardiac myocyte should facilitate diastolic filling and cardiac performance

Caveolin contributes to the modulation of basal and β-adrenoceptor stimulated function of the adult rat ventricular myocyte by simvastatin: A novel pleiotropic effect

The number of people taking statins is increasing across the globe, highlighting the Importance of fully understanding statins effects on the cardiovascular system. The beneficial impact of statins extends well beyond regression of atherosclerosis to include direct effects on tissues of the cardiovascular system (pleiotropic effects). Pleiotropic effects on the cardiac myocyte are often overlooked. Here we consider the contribution of the caveolin protein, whose expression and cellular distribution is dependent on cholesterol, to statin effects on the cardiac myocyte. Caveolin is a structural and regulatory component of caveolae, and is a key regulator of cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness. We employed an experimental model in which inhibition of myocyte HMG CoA reductase could be studied in the absence of paracrine influences from non-myocyte cells. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were treated with 10 μM simvastatin for 2 days. Simvastatin treatment reduced myocyte cholesterol, caveolin 3 and caveolar density. Negative inotropic and positive lusitropic effects (with corresponding changes in [Ca2]¡) were seen in statin-treated cells. Simvastatin significantly potentiated the inotropic response to β2-, but not β1-, adrenoceptor stimulation. Under conditions of β2-adrenoceptor stimulation, phosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser16and troponin I at Ser23/24was enhanced with statin treatment. Simvastatin increased NO production without significant effects on eNOS expression or phosphorylation (Ser1177), consistent with the reduced expression of caveolin 3, its constitutive Inhibitor. In conclusion, statin treatment can reduce caveolin 3 expression, with functional consequences consistent with the known role of caveolae in the cardiac cell. These data are likely to be of significance, particularly during the early phases of statin treatment, and in patients with heart failure who have altered ß-adrenoceptor signalling. In addition, as caveolin is ubiquitously expressed and has myriad tissue-specific functions, the impact of statin-dependent changes in caveolin is likely to have many other functional sequelae

Differential Effects of Pravastatin and Simvastatin on the Growth of Tumor Cells from Different Organ Sites

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may possess cancer preventive and therapeutic properties. Statins are effective suppressors of cholesterol synthesis with a well-established risk-benefit ratio in cardiovascular disease prevention. Mechanistically, targeting HMGCR activity primarily influences cholesterol biosynthesis and prenylation of signaling proteins. Pravastatin is a hydrophilic statin that is selectively taken up by a sodium-independent organic anion transporter protein-1B1 (OATP1B1) exclusively expressed in liver. Simvastatin is a hydrophobic statin that enters cells by other mechanisms. Poorly-differentiated and well-differentiated cancer cell lines were selected from various tissues and examined for their response to these two statins. Simvastatin inhibited the growth of most tumor cell lines more effectively than pravastatin in a dose dependent manner. Poorly-differentiated cancer cells were generally more responsive to simvastatin than well-differentiated cancer cells, and the levels of HMGCR expression did not consistently correlate with response to statin treatment. Pravastatin had a significant effect on normal hepatocytes due to facilitated uptake and a lesser effect on prostate PC3 and colon Caco-2 cancer cells since the OATP1B1 mRNA and protein were only found in the normal liver and hepatocytes. The inhibition of cell growth was accompanied by distinct alterations in mitochondrial networks and dramatic changes in cellular morphology related to cofilin regulation and loss of p-caveolin. Both statins, hydrophilic pravastatin and hypdrophobic simvastatin caused redistribution of OATP1B1 and HMGCR to perinuclear sites. In conclusion, the specific chemical properties of different classes of statins dictate mechanistic properties which may be relevant when evaluating biological responses to statins