Diagnosis of a Chiari Malformation After a Concussion in a Junior College Football Player With a History of Chronic Headaches: A Case Report

The purpose of this report is to present the case of a National Junior Collegiate Athletic Association football player diagnosed with Chiari malformation postconcussion. A Chiari malformation is characterized by the cerebellum presenting below the level of the foramen. The uniqueness of this case stems from the patient’s health history, length of symptoms, and diagnosis. The effectiveness of treatment options, and the primary means to reduce the risk of catastrophic head injury in those with Chiari malformations are debatable. Clinicians should be familiar with the potential for the presence of a Chiari malformation with persistent symptoms postconcussion

FAN, a Novel WD-Repeat Protein, Couples the p55 TNF-Receptor to Neutral Sphingomyelinase

AbstractThe initiation of intracellular signaling events through the 55 kDa tumor necrosis factor–receptor (TNF-R55) appears to depend on protein intermediates that interact with specific cytoplasmic domains of TNF-R55. By combined use of the yeast interaction trap system and a peptide scanning library, the novel WD-repeat protein FAN has been identified, which specifically binds to a cytoplasmic nine amino acid binding motif of TNF-R55. This region has been previously recognized as a distinct functional domain that is both required and sufficient for the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Overexpression of full-length FAN enhanced N-SMase activity in TNF–treated cells, while truncated mutants of FAN produced dominant negative effects. The data suggest that FAN regulates ceramide production by N-SMase, which is a crucial step in TNF signaling

Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Aim Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location Worldwide. Time period 1998-2021. Major taxa studied Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data

Moving in the anthropocene: global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission

Določanje cen na enostavnem trgu ob prisotnosti oziroma odsotnosti kratke prodaje

Miller (1977) argued that prohibiting or constraining short sales causes securities to be o verpriced because traders with low estimates of value do not participate in the market. Markets with short sales should, therefore, price securities correctly because all traders participate. This paper shows that Miller\u27s (1977) result is not necessarily true. Even in the absence of short sales, securities may be overpriced, underpriced or correctly priced if bidders bid their estimate of the security\u27s value. On the other hand, if short sales are allowed, the market will consistently exhibit underpricing. We also show how bidders may adjust their bids to account for the presence of the bias.Kot trdi Miller (1977), je rezultat prepovedi oziroma omejevanja kratke prodaje precenjena vrednost vrednostnih papirjev, saj trgovci, ki nižje vrednotijo le-te, ne sodelujejo na trgu. Trgi, na katerih je prisotna kratka prodaja, morajo torej določiti pravilno ceno vrednostnih papirjev zaradi sodelovanja vseh trgovcev. Pričujoči prispevek nakazuje, da rezultati raziskav, ki jih je opravil Miller (1977), nujno ne držijo. Tudi ob odsotnosti kratke prodaje so vrednostni papirji lahko precenjeni, podcenjeni ali ocenjeni na ustrezno vrednost, če ponudniki tržijo vrednostne papirje s svojo oceno njihove vrednosti. Kadar je kratka prodaja dovoljena, trg sistematično izkazuje podcenjenost. V članku tudi predstavljamo način, kako lahko ponudniki ustrezno prilagodijo svoje ponudbe v primeru omenjene pristranskosti

FNMA Mortgage Commitments as Put Options: An Empirical Examination

The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) auctions commitments to purchase mortgages. An examination of the terms of the commitment contract shows that these commitments are actually put options on mortgages. The contract is unusual, however, in that the price of the commitment is a fixed percentage of the value of the mortgages. In the auction, the dealers effectively bid the exercise price at which they would be willing to pay the fixed commitment price. In this paper, we study the economics of the FNMA auction. We use a two-state approximation to the American put pricing model for interest-dependent securities to examine the behavior of the auction results. We find that the model performs reasonably well for several years — giving results which are, on the average, correct — and then, quite abruptly, the performance of the model deteriorates. Some possible reasons for this result are then examined

Ja, wer es nur thun könte? oder die nichtige Ausflucht vieler gottlosen und unheiligen Menschen, wenn sie zur Haltung der Gebote Gottes und Ausübung eines thätigen Christenthums auffgemuntert werden und haben die Unmöglichkeit solches zu thun vorschützen ...

JA, WER ES NUR THUN KÖNTE? ODER DIE NICHTIGE AUSFLUCHT VIELER GOTTLOSEN UND UNHEILIGEN MENSCHEN, WENN SIE ZUR HALTUNG DER GEBOTE GOTTES UND AUSÜBUNG EINES THÄTIGEN CHRISTENTHUMS AUFFGEMUNTERT WERDEN UND HABEN DIE UNMÖGLICHKEIT SOLCHES ZU THUN VORSCHÜTZEN ... Ja, wer es nur thun könte? oder die nichtige Ausflucht vieler gottlosen und unheiligen Menschen, wenn sie zur Haltung der Gebote Gottes und Ausübung eines thätigen Christenthums auffgemuntert werden und haben die Unmöglichkeit solches zu thun vorschützen ... (1) Titelseite (1) Am andern Weyhnachts-Feyertage 1716. (3) Eingang. (3) Gebet. (11) Text. (12) Anderer Eingang. (14) I. Theil. (17) II. Theil (46) Anwendung. (67) Gebet. (95