Der Deutsche Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR) im Lichte fach- und bildungspolitischer Stellungnahmen. Eine Expertise der Weiterbildungsinitiative Frühpädagogische Fachkräfte (WiFF)

In den letzten Jahren entstanden im Bereich der Frühpädagogik zunehmend Qualifikationsrahmen, die Kompetenzen auf den verschiedenen Ausbildungsebenen beschreiben. Ein Qualifikationsrahmen, der Kompetenzen über alle Bildungsbereiche und Ausbildungsebenen hinweg behandelt, ist der Deutsche Qualifikationsrahmen für Lebenslanges Lernen (DQR). Dieser fungiert als Transparenzinstrument, das Durchlässigkeit und Chancengleichheit im deutschen und europäischen Bildungswesen fördern soll. Die Ausgestaltung und Umsetzung des DQR wirft aber immer wieder Fragen auf. Die Autorin hat daher die Stellungnahmen, die bisher zum DQR abgegeben wurden, analysiert und systematisch aufbereitet, um die aktuelle Diskussion in den verschiedenen Akteursgruppen darzustellen. (DIPF/Orig.

Kompetenzen im höheren Lebensalter - die nationale PIAAC-Erweiterungsstudie "CiLL"

Im Herbst 2013 werden erste Ergebnisse der PIAAC-Studie, die in 25 Ländern durchgeführt wird, von der OECD vorgestellt. PIAAC liefert Informationen zu den Kompetenzen Erwachsener auf der Grundlage repräsentativer Daten aus einem Hintergrundfragebogen und aus Assessments in drei Kompetenzdomänen. In Deutschland gibt es außerdem die Erweiterungsstudie "Competencies in Later Life" (CiLL) für Personen im Alter von 66 bis 80 Jahren. Dieser Beitrag stellt den Kontext der Studie und den Verlauf der Erhebungen bei älteren Menschen sowie erste Ergebnisse vor

Quereinstiege in den Erzieherinnenberuf. Strategien zur Gewinnung zusätzlicher Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Eine Studie der Weiterbildungsinitiative Frühpädagogische Fachkräfte (WiFF)

Quereinstiege in die Ausbildung und in das Berufsfeld von Erzieherinnen und Erziehern haben aufgrund des erhöhten Fachkräftebedarfs eine zunehmende Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Expertise stellt die Möglichkeiten der Zugänge und Qualifizierung für Quereinsteigende dar. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der sogenannten Externenprüfung - einer Prüfung, die das Nachholen des Berufsabschlusses der Erzieherin / des Erziehers ermöglicht - und auf der Teilzeitausbildung. Weitere Möglichkeiten für einen Quereinstieg in das Berufsfeld werden exemplarisch anhand von fünf länderspezifischen Maßnahmen aufgezeigt. (DIPF/Orig.

Kompetenzen Älterer: Zwischenbilanz und Perspektiven ausgewählter Ergebnisse der Studie Competencies in Later Life

Die Studie Competencies in Later Life (CiLL) liefert erstmals repräsentative Daten über die Kompetenzen von Älteren zwischen 66 und 80 Jahren in Deutschland in den Domänen Lesekompetenz, Alltagsmathematik und technologiebasiertes Problemlösen. Es zeigt sich ein entscheidender Zusammenhang zwischen Kompetenz und Qualifikation, aber auch zwischen Kompetenz und Zugehörigkeit zu einem Geburtsjahrgang. Trotz enormer Qualifikationsunterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen differieren diese in der Lesekompetenz nicht signifikant. In der Alltagsmathematik und im technologiebasierten Problemlösen schneiden Männer deutlich besser ab als Frauen, auch wenn verschiedene Variablen berücksichtigt werden

Tomographic image of melt storage beneath Askja Volcano, Iceland using local microseismicity

We use P wave and S wave arrivals from microseismic earthquakes to construct 3-D tomographic Vp and Vs images of the magma storage region beneath Askja's central volcano in the Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland. A distinctive ellipsoidal low-velocity anomaly, with both Vp and Vsvelocities 8-12% below the background, is imaged at 6-11 km depth beneath the caldera. The presence of a shallow magma chamber is corroborated by geodetic and gravity studies. The small Vp/Vs anomaly suggests a lack of pervasive melt. We interpret this anomaly as a region of multiple sills, some frozen but hot, others containing partial melt. A second, smaller low-velocity anomaly beneath the main magma storage region may represent a magma migration pathway. This interpretation is supported by the close proximity to the anomaly of clusters of deep, magmatically induced earthquakes. However, the location and shape of this deep anomaly are poorly constrained by the current data set

Reinterpretation of the RRISP-77 Iceland shear-wave profiles

Two shear-wave profiles, E and G, collected during the 1977 Reykjanes Ridge Iceland Seismic Experiment have played an important role in models of the Icelandic crust. They were originally interpreted as indicating very low shear-wave velocities and abnormally low shear-wave quality factors in the 10–15 km depth range. These attributes, which are indicative of near-solidus temperatures, were used to support the hypothesis that the crust of Iceland is relatively thin (10–15 km) and underlain by partially molten material. More recent seismic data, however, contradict this hypothesis and suggest that the crust is thicker (20–30 km) and cooler. A re-examination of the RRISP-77 data indicates that the low shear-wave velocities are artefacts arising from source static anomalies (in the case of profile G) and misidentification of a secondary shear phase, SmS, as S (in the case of profile E). Furthermore, the attenuation occurs at ranges when rays from the shots pass near the Askja (profile E) and Katla and Oraefajokull (profile G) volcanoes. It may therefore have a localized source, and not be diagnostic of Icelandic crust as a whole. This new interpretation of the RRISP-77 shear-wave data is consistent with models having a thick, cold crust.We thank 0. Flovenz, one of the principal investigators of the SIST experiment, G. Foulger and B. Julian, principal investigators of the Hengill experiment, and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology for providing us with copies of the data. Lamont Doherty Contribution Number 5513Peer Reviewe

Strike-slip faulting during the 2014 Bároarbunga-Holuhraun dike intrusion, central Iceland

Over a 13 day period magma propagated laterally from the subglacial Bárðarbunga volcano in the northern rift zone, Iceland. It created > 30,000 earthquakes at 5–7 km depth along a 48 km path before erupting on 29 August 2014. The seismicity, which tracked the dike propagation, advanced in short bursts at 0.3–4.7 km/h separated by pauses of up to 81 h. During each surge forward, seismicity behind the dike tip dropped. Moment tensor solutions from the leading edge show exclusively left-lateral strike-slip faulting subparallel to the advancing dike tip, releasing accumulated strain deficit in the brittle layer of the rift zone. Behind the leading edge, both left- and right-lateral strike-slip earthquakes are observed. The lack of non-double-couple earthquakes implies that the dike opening was aseismic.Seismometers were borrowed from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) SEIS-UK (loans 968 and 1022),with funding by research grants from the NERC and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme grant 308377 (Project FUTUREVOLC), and graduate studentships from the NERC and Shell. We thank Ágúst Þór Gunnlaugsson and others who assisted with fieldwork in Iceland and Nigel Woodcock for his helpful discussions. M.T. Gudmundsson, H. Reynolds, and Þ. Högnadóttir supplied ice cauldron coordinates. The Icelandic Meteorological Office, Chris Bean (University College Dublin), and the British Geological Survey kindly provided additional data from seismometers in northeast Iceland, data delivery from IMO seismic database 20151001/01. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Hypocenter locations in Figure 1 are listed in Tables S2 and S3. (Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge contribution ESC3539).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL06742

Measles transmission from an anthroposophic community to the general population, Germany 2008

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Germany, measles vaccination coverage with two doses is not yet sufficient to prevent regional outbreaks. Among the 16 German federal states, vaccination coverage was lowest in Bavaria with 85% in 2008. From March to mid-April 2008, four neighbouring Bavarian counties reported 55 measles-cases mostly linked to an ongoing measles outbreak in an anthroposophic school in Austria. We investigated this outbreak to guide future public health action.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We applied the German national case-definition for measles and collected data using the national surveillance system and a questionnaire. Measles cases with disease onset a maximum of 18 days apart and spatial contact (e.g. same household, same school) were summed up in clusters. Two different interventions, which were implemented in schools and kindergartens in Bavaria, were compared by their impact on the size and duration of measles clusters. Susceptible persons were excluded from schools or kindergartens either with the first (intervention A) or second (intervention B) measles case occurring in the respective institution.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the 217 Bavarian measles cases identified from March-July 2008, 28 (13%) cases were attendees of the anthroposophic school in Austria. In total, vaccination status was known in 161 (74%) cases and 156 (97%) of them were not vaccinated. The main factor for non-vaccination was "fear of vaccine-related adverse events" (33%). Twenty-nine (18%) of 161 cases suffered complications. Exclusively genotype D5 was detected. Overall, 184 cases could be epidemiologically grouped into 59 clusters. Of those, 41 clusters could be linked to households and 13 to schools or kindergartens. The effect of intervention A and B was analysed in 10 school or kindergarten clusters. Depending on the respective intervention A or B, the median number of cases per cluster was 3 versus 13 (p = 0.05), and the median duration of a cluster was 3 versus 26 days (p = 0.13).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Introduction of measles virus into a pocket of susceptible persons (e.g. vaccination opponents or sceptics) may lead to large outbreaks in the general population, if the general population's vaccination coverage is below the WHO recommended level. Education on the safety of measles vaccine needs to be strengthened to increase measles vaccination coverage. Early intervention may limit spread in schools or kindergartens. Suspected measles has to be reported immediately to the local health authorities in order to allow intervention as early as possible.</p

Crustal Formation on a Spreading Ridge Above a Mantle Plume: Receiver Function Imaging of the Icelandic Crust

Iceland sits astride a mid-ocean ridge underlain by a {mantle} hotspot. The interplay of these two geological processes has the potential to generate a complex and laterally variable crustal structure. The thickness of the Icelandic crust is a long running and controversial debate, with estimates ranging from a "thin'' 20 km crust to a "thick'' 40 km crust. We present new images of the first order seismic discontinuity structure of the Icelandic crust based on a joint inversion of receiver function and ambient noise derived surface wave dispersion data. Inversion results are validated through comparison to receiver functions multi-phase common conversion point stacks across the densely instrumented Northern Volcanic Zone. We find a multi-layered crustal structure consisting of a 6-10 km deep upper crust underlain by either one or two discontinuities. The shallower discontinuity is found at depths of ~20 km throughout Iceland. The deeper discontinuity is only present in some regions, defining the base of a lens-like lower layer with maximum depths of 44 km above the center of the mantle plume. Either of these two discontinuities could be interpreted as the seismic Moho, providing an explanation why previous estimates of crustal thickness have diverged. Such structure may form via underplating of a pre-existing oceanic crust as has been hypothesized in other ocean island plume settings. However we demonstrate with a simple petrological model that variability in seismic discontinuity structure can also be understood as a consequence of compositional variation in melts generated with distance from the plume center