126 research outputs found

    Archaeological Geophysical Prospection in Peatland Environments: case studies and suggestions for future practice

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    Peatland environments, in contrast to ‘dry-land’ sites, preserve organic material, including anthropogenic objects, because they are anaerobic, and are therefore of great importance to archaeology. Peat also preserves macro- and micro- paleoenvironmental evidence and is the primary resource for understanding past climates and ecology. Archaeological sites often lie within or at the base of wet, deep, homogenous peat rendering them invisible to surface observers. As a result, they most often c..

    Chronostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of Oligo-Miocene deposits of Corsica (France) : geodynamic implications for the liguro-provençal basin spreading

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    Dans un contexte de convergence entre Afrique et Europe, le domaine mĂ©diterranĂ©en occidental est caractĂ©risĂ© par l’ouverture du bassin liguro-provençal au MiocĂšne infĂ©rieur et de la mer TyrrhĂ©nienne Ă  partir du MiocĂšne moyen. Ces ouvertures sont prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es par un Ă©pisode de rifting oligocĂšne. De nouveaux rĂ©sultats biostratigraphiques, gĂ©ochronologiques et palĂ©omagnĂ©tiques permettent de proposer une Ă©bauche de stratigraphie intĂ©grĂ©e pour la pĂ©riode oligo-miocĂšne en Corse. Les dĂ©pĂŽts continentaux syn-rift, dans la rĂ©gion d’Ajaccio, sont datĂ©s du Chattien supĂ©rieur par la prĂ©sence d’un mammifĂšre : Pomelomeryx boulangeri. Leur Ă©tude palĂ©omagnĂ©tique indique une rotation anti-horaire de 44 ± 4 o par rapport Ă  l’Europe stable. Les dĂ©pĂŽts du MiocĂšne infĂ©rieur se sont mis en place sur une topographie contrastĂ©e hĂ©ritĂ©e de la pĂ©riode de glyptogenĂšse oligocĂšne. Les terrains miocĂšnes les plus anciens contiennent 4 dĂ©pĂŽts de coulĂ©es pyroclastiques dans le Sud de la Corse. De nouvelles datations par la mĂ©thode 40 Ar- 39 Ar leur attribuent des Ăąges compris entre 21,3 et 20,6 Ma (Aquitanien supĂ©rieur). Le MiocĂšne marin du bassin de Bonifacio comprend deux formations : Ă  la base, la formation de Cala di Labra, jalonnĂ©e de rĂ©cifs en onlap cĂŽtier, est attribuĂ©e Ă  la zone Ă  Globigerinoides trilobus ; au-dessus, la formation des calcarĂ©nites de Bonifacio est essentiellement constituĂ©e par un empilement de dunes hydrauliques. L’absence d’Orbulines montre qu’elle est antĂ©rieure au Langhien supĂ©rieur (biozone N9). Le MiocĂšne de Saint-Florent comprend 3 formations marines encadrĂ©es par deux formations continentales. A la base, la formation continentale de Fium’ Albinu (contemporaine de la partie infĂ©rieure de la formation de Cala di Labra) est surmontĂ©e par la formation de Torra, rapportĂ©e au Burdigalien supĂ©rieur en raison de la prĂ©sence de G. trilobus et G. bisphericus. La formation de Sant’ Angelo (en partie Ă©quivalente Ă  la formation de Bonifacio) se dĂ©veloppe du Burdigalien terminal au Langhien supĂ©rieur. La formation de Farinole est attribuable au Serravallien infĂ©rieur (base de la zone Ă  Globoquadrina altispira altispira). La direction palĂ©omagnĂ©tique mesurĂ©e pour la formation de Fium’ Albinu indique une rotation anti-horaire d’une trentaine de degrĂ©s postĂ©rieure au dĂ©but du Burdigalien supĂ©rieur. L’ensemble de ces nouveaux rĂ©sultats palĂ©omagnĂ©tiques et des informations antĂ©rieures indique que l’ouverture du bassin ligure s’accompagne d’une rotation antihoraire de 45 o de la Corse, qui commence entre 23 et 21 Ma et se termine autour de 15 Ma

    Long-lived magnetism on chondrite parent bodies

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    publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Long-lived magnetism on chondrite parent bodies journaltitle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.035 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The attached file is the published version of the article

    Magnetic properties of tektites and other related impact glasses

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    © 2015 Elsevier B.V. We present a comprehensive overview of the magnetic properties of the four known tektite fields and related fully melted impact glasses (Aouelloul, Belize, Darwin, Libyan desert and Wabar glasses, irghizites, and atacamaites), namely magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis properties as well as properties dependent on magnetic grain-size. Tektites appear to be characterized by pure Fe2+ paramagnetism, with ferromagnetic traces below 1 ppm. The different tektite fields yield mostly non-overlapping narrow susceptibility ranges. Belize and Darwin glasses share similar characteristics. On the other hand the other studied glasses have wider susceptibility ranges, with median close to paramagnetism (Fe2+ and Fe3+) but with a high-susceptibility population bearing variable amounts of magnetite. This signs a fundamental difference between tektites (plus Belize and Darwin glasses) and other studied glasses in terms of oxygen fugacity and heterogeneity during formation, thus bringing new light to the formation processes of these materials. It also appears that selecting the most magnetic glass samples allows to find impactor-rich material, opening new perspectives to identify the type of impactor responsible for the glass generation

    In situ multi-frequency measurements of magnetic susceptibility as an indicator of planetary regolith maturity

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    Space weathering is now generally accepted to modify the optical and magnetic properties of airless planetary regoliths such as those on the Moon and Mercury. Under micrometeorite and ion bombardment, ferrous iron in such surfaces is reduced to metallic iron spheres, found in amorphous coatings on almost all exposed regolith grains. The size and number distribution of these particles and their location in the regolith all determine the nature and extent of the optical and magnetic changes. These parameters in turn reflect the formation mechanisms, temperatures, and durations involved in the evolution of the regolith. Studying them in situ is of intrinsic value to understanding the weathering process, and useful for determining the maturity of the regolith and providing supporting data for interpreting remotely sensed mineralogy. Fine-grained metallic iron has a number of properties that make it amenable to magnetic techniques, of which magnetic susceptibility is the simplest and most robust. The magnetic properties of the lunar regolith and laboratory regolith analogues are therefore reviewed and the theoretical basis for the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility presented. Proposed here is then an instrument concept using multi-frequency measurements of magnetic susceptibility to confirm the presence of fine grained magnetic material and attempt to infer its quantity and size distribution. Such an instrument would be invaluable on a future mission to an asteroid, the Moon, Mercury or other airless rocky Solar System body
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