821 research outputs found

    Learners reconceptualising education: Widening participation through creative engagement?

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    This paper argues that engaging imaginatively with ways in which statutory and further education is provided and expanding the repertoire of possible transitions into higher education, is necessary for providers both in higher education and in the contexts and phases which precede study at this level. Fostering dispositions for creativity in dynamic engagement with educational technology together with the consideration of pedagogy, learning objects, inclusion, policy and the management of change, requires innovative provision to span the spaces between school, home, work and higher education learning. Reporting on The Aspire Pilot, a NESTA-funded initiative at The Open University, the paper offers the beginning of a theoretical frame for considering learning, learners and learning systems in the information age prioritizing learner agency. It will report emergent empirical findings from this inter-disciplinary project, with a significant e-dimension, which seeks to foster the creativity of 13-19 year olds in considering future learning systems, developing provocations for others to explore creative but grounded possibilities. It explores implications arising from this project for approaches that may facilitate widening participation in higher education

    Structural response of concrete-filled elliptical steel hollow sections under eccentric compression

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    The purpose of this research is to examine the behaviour of elliptical concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under a combination of axial force and bending moment. Most of the research carried out to date involving concrete-filled steel sections has focussed on circular and rectangular tubes, with each shape exhibiting distinct behaviour. The degree of concrete confinement provided by the hollow section wall has been studied under pure compression but remains ambiguous for combined compressive and bending loads, with no current design provision for this loading combination. To explore the structural behaviour, laboratory tests were carried out using eight stub columns of two different tube wall thicknesses and applying axial compression under various eccentricities. Moment-rotation relationships were produced for each specimen to establish the influence of cross-section dimension and axis of bending on overall response. Full 3D finite element models were developed, comparing the effect of different material constitutive models, until good agreement was found. Finally, analytical interaction curves were generated assuming plastic behaviour and compared with the experimental and finite element results. Ground work provided from these tests paves the way for the development of future design guidelines on the member level

    The Abundance, Size, and Spacing of Lakes and Reservoirs Connected to River Networks

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    Descriptions of river network topology do not include lakes/reservoirs that are connected to rivers. We describe the properties and scaling patterns of river network topology across the contiguous United States: how lake/reservoir abundance, median lake/reservoir size, and median lake/reservoir spacing change with river size. Typically, lake/reservoir abundance decreases, median lake/reservoir size increases, but median lake/reservoir spacing is uniform across river size. There is a characteristic lake/reservoir size of 0.01–0.05 km2 and a characteristic lake/reservoir spacing of 1–5 km that shifts to 27–61 km in larger rivers. Climate explains more of the variance in river network topology than both glacial history and constructed reservoirs. Our results provide conceptual models for building river network topologies to assess how lake/reservoir abundance, size, and spacing effect the transport, storage, and cycling of water, materials, and organisms across networks

    Stuffed Rare Earth Pyrochlore Solid Solutions

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    Synthesis and crystal structures are described for the compounds Ln2(Ti2-xLnx)O7-x/2, where Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and x ranges from 0 to 0.67. Rietveld refinements on X-ray powder diffraction data indicate that in Tb and Dy titanate pyrochlores, extra Ln3+ cations mix mainly on the Ti4+ site with little disorder on the original Ln3+ site. For the smaller rare earths (Ho-Lu), stuffing additional lanthanide ions results in a pyrochlore to defect fluorite transition, where the Ln3+ and Ti4+ ions become completely randomized at the maximum (x=0.67). In all of these Ln-Ti-O pyrochlores, the addition of magnetic Ln3+ in place of nonmagnetic Ti4+ adds edge sharing tetrahedral spin interactions to a normally corner sharing tetrahedral network of spins. The increase in spin connectivity in this family of solid solutions represents a new avenue for investigating geometrical magnetic frustration in the rare earth titanate pyrochlores.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Solid State Che

    A solenoidal electron spectrometer for a precision measurement of the neutron β\beta-asymmetry with ultracold neutrons

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    We describe an electron spectrometer designed for a precision measurement of the neutron β\beta-asymmetry with spin-polarized ultracold neutrons. The spectrometer consists of a 1.0-Tesla solenoidal field with two identical multiwire proportional chamber and plastic scintillator electron detector packages situated within 0.6-Tesla field-expansion regions. Select results from performance studies of the spectrometer with calibration sources are reported.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figures, 1 table, submitted to NIM

    The Color of Rivers

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    Rivers are among the most imperiled ecosystems globally, yet we do not have broad-scale understanding of their changing ecology because most are rarely sampled. Water color, as perceived by the human eye, is an integrative measure of water quality directly observed by satellites. We examined patterns in river color between 1984 and 2018 by building a remote sensing database of surface reflectance, RiverSR, extracted from 234,727 Landsat images covering 108,000 kilometers of rivers > 60 m wide in the contiguous USA. We found 1) broad regional patterns in river color, with 56% of observations dominantly yellow and 38% dominantly green; 2) river color has three distinct seasonal patterns that were synchronous with flow regimes; 3) one third of rivers had significant color shifts over the last 35 years. RiverSR provides the first map of river color and new insights into macrosystems ecology of rivers

    Shifting Patterns of Summer Lake Color Phenology in Over 26,000 US Lakes

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    Lakes are often defined by seasonal cycles. The seasonal timing, or phenology, of many lake processes are changing in response to human activities. However, long-term records exist for few lakes, and extrapolating patterns observed in these lakes to entire landscapes is exceedingly difficult using the limited number of available in situ observations. Limited landscape-level observations mean we do not know how common shifts in lake phenology are at macroscales. Here, we use a new remote sensing data set, LimnoSat-US, to analyze U.S. summer lake color phenology between 1984 and 2020 across more than 26,000 lakes. Our results show that summer lake color seasonality can be generalized into five distinct phenology groups that follow well-known patterns of phytoplankton succession. The frequency with which lakes transition from one phenology group to another is tied to lake and landscape level characteristics. Lakes with high inflows and low variation in their seasonal surface area are generally more stable, while lakes in areas with high interannual variations in climate and catchment population density show less stability. Our results reveal previously unexamined spatiotemporal patterns in lake seasonality and demonstrate the utility of LimnoSat-US, which, with over 22 million remote sensing observations of lakes, creates novel opportunities to examine changing lake ecosystems at a national scale

    Populações de minhocas amostradas por diferentes métodos de coleta (elétrico, químico e manual) em ecossistemas da região de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

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    A coleta de minhocas demanda tempo, mão-de-obra e trabalho intenso. Para reduzir o tempo e esforços necessários na amostragem, pode-se usar solução química irritante ou impulsos elétricos para extrair minhocas do solo. No presente trabalho comparou-se o uso de dois métodos comportamentais para coleta de minhocas (formol diluído e eletricidade) e sua eficiência na extração de minhocas do solo em fragmento de mata secundária, margem de um pântano, área agrícola de cultivo anual e pastagem. A coleta com eletricidade (método Octeto de Thielemann) foi realizada usando um aparelho elétrico que extrai minhocas sobre uma área de aproximadamente 0,4 m2. Exatamente abaixo e imediatamente após o método elétrico, realizou-se a escavação e triagem manual de monólitos de 0,16 m2, até 30 cm de profundidade. A extração química foi realizada usando uma solução de formol (0,5%) aplicada em área de 1 m2, distante 5 m das outras amostragens. O método elétrico não apresentou diferença significativa da extração com solução de formol, enquanto à densidade e biomassa de minhocas coletadas. Amynthas gracilis e Urobenus brasiliensis predominaram na mata e responderam aos métodos comportamentais. Pontoscolex corethrurus foi mais encontrada no brejo, onde os métodos manual e químico foram mais eficientes. Nos sistemas agrícolas, destacou-se a presença de Dichogaster spp. (não responsivos aos métodos comportamentais), sendo a maioria das minhocas coletada pelo método manual. A utilização do aparelho elétrico e da solução de formol foi eficiente na coleta de minhocas adultas e de maior biomassa, enquanto que o método manual extraiu mais indivíduos menores e juvenis

    Higher meson resonances in ρπ0π0γ\rho \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma and ωπ0π0γ\omega \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma

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    The role of higher meson resonances with spin 1 and 2 is investigated quantitatively in the decay processes of ρπ0π0γ\rho \to \pi^0\pi^0 \gamma and ωπ0π0γ\omega \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma. Among the higher resonances, we find that the f2(1270)f_2(1270) tensor meson can give a nontrivial contribution especially to the ωπ0π0γ\omega \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma decay process. When the f2f_2 contribution is combined with the processes involving the vector and scalar meson intermediate states, a good agreement with the recent measurements is achieved for both decays. The effect of the f2(1270)f_2(1270) is found to be sizable at the intermediate photon energies and may be verified by precise measurements of the recoil photon spectrum of the ωπ0π0γ\omega \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \gamma decay. The dependence of the decay widths on various models for the ρ\rho-ω\omega mixing in the literature is also investigated.Comment: 16 pages, REVTeX, 6 figures, revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev.

    Transiting Exoplanets with JWST

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    The era of exoplanet characterization is upon us. For a subset of exoplanets -- the transiting planets -- physical properties can be measured, including mass, radius, and atmosphere characteristics. Indeed, measuring the atmospheres of a further subset of transiting planets, the hot Jupiters, is now routine with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will continue Spitzer's legacy with its large mirror size and precise thermal stability. JWST is poised for the significant achievement of identifying habitable planets around bright M through G stars--rocky planets lacking extensive gas envelopes, with water vapor and signs of chemical disequilibrium in their atmospheres. Favorable transiting planet systems, are, however, anticipated to be rare and their atmosphere observations will require tens to hundreds of hours of JWST time per planet. We review what is known about the physical characteristics of transiting planets, summarize lessons learned from Spitzer high-contrast exoplanet measurements, and give several examples of potential JWST observations.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures. In press in "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities, Astrophysics & Space Science Library, Thronson, H. A., Tielens, A., Stiavelli, M., eds., Springer: Dordrecht (2008)." The original publication will be available at http://www.springerlink.co
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