201 research outputs found

    Field-Induced Transition on Triangular Plane in the Spin Ice Compound Dy2Ti2O7

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    The origin of the lowest-temperature anomaly reported several years ago using a polycrystalline sample of the spin ice compound Dy2Ti2O7 had remained unresolved. Here we finally clarify its origin by susceptibility measurements down to 65 mK using single crystals under accurate control of the magnetic fields in two independent directions. We demonstrate that the transition is induced under a subtle field combination that precisely cancel the nearest-neighbor spin interactions acting on the spins on the triangular lattice within the pyrochlore structure. Contrary to the other two fieldinduced transitions, this transition is driven only by the interactions beyond the nearest neighbors. Our observation thus provides the first qualitative evidence for the essential importance of the dipolar interaction beyond the nearest neighbors in the spin ice.Comment: submitted to PR

    The Role of Food in Byron's Don Juan

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    BYRON'S TRIANGLE : Byron's View of Wordsworth and Coleridge

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    Manfred and the Sublime

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    Dans sa DĂ©dicace Ă  Don Juan (strophe 10), Byron s’exprime sur Milton en expliquant que le mot « Miltonique » est devenu synonyme du sublime Ă  cause de la façon que choisissait de vivre Milton le poĂšte et l’homme. Selon Byron, Milton est restĂ© fidĂšle Ă  son crĂ©do politique et religieux malgrĂ© l’opposition de ses contemporains, suivant la Restauration. Aux yeux de Byron, il y a quelque chose de trĂšs sublime et grand dans la conduite de Milton, « le vieillard aveugle1 », qui vivait une situation difficile alors qu’il Ă©tait « dĂ©fait, pĂąle et pauvre2 ». Cette perspective sur Milton rappelle une crĂ©ation de Byron, Manfred, qui reste fidĂšle Ă  son crĂ©do jusqu’à la fin et choisit de mourir plutĂŽt qu’accepter toute intervention du clergĂ© ou de l’Église qui puisse le sauver. Dans ses Observations sur le sentiment du beau et du sublime, Kant explique que l’homme mĂ©lancolique « a surtout le sentiment du sublime3 ». On peut se demander si Kant expliquait certaines des caractĂ©ristiques du hĂ©ros de Byron. Il est certainement vrai que Manfred, comme Kant le souligne ailleurs, « brave le danger et mĂ©prise la mort ». Avant de mourir, il prononce ces derniers mots : « Vieillard! Ce n’est pas si difficile, mourir . . .4 » À cet Ă©gard, l’attitude du samurai japonais face Ă  la vie et Ă  la mort nous rappelle la notion du sublime. Le samurai est souvent prĂȘt Ă  s’engager dans une bataille perdue d’avance et Ă  y laisser sa vie afin de rester fidĂšle Ă  son credo. Une telle attitude nous apparaĂźt « sublime ». Selon Kant, « soumettre ses passions par des principes est sublime ». Une autre caractĂ©ristique de Manfred en termes du concept du sublime repose sur le lieu dans lequel se dĂ©roule le drame, qui relĂšve du sublime Ă  son tour. En effet, Byron choisit comme lieu de l’action « les Hautes-Alpes5 ». Ainsi, on y trouve plusieurs scĂšnes que Burke et Kant pourraient appeler des exemples du « sublime-terrible ». Autrement dit, Manfred est une oeuvre dans laquelle le dĂ©cor et l’état d’esprit du protagoniste peuvent ĂȘtre qualifiĂ©s de sublime

    The "Coulomb phase" in frustrated systems

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    The "Coulomb phase" is an emergent state for lattice models (particularly highly frustrated antiferromagnets) which have local constraints that can be mapped to a divergence-free "flux". The coarse-grained version of this flux or polarization behave analogously to electric or magnetic fields; in particular, defects at which the local constraint is violated behave as effective charges with Coulomb interactions. I survey the derivation of the characteristic power-law correlation functions and the pinch-points in reciprocal space plots of diffuse scattering, as well as applications to magnetic relaxation, quantum-mechanical generalizations, phase transitions to long-range-ordered states, and the effects of disorder.Comment: 30 pp, 5 figures (Sub. to Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter Physics

    Adaptive Natural Language Generation for Task-oriented Dialogue via Reinforcement Learning

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    When a natural language generation (NLG) component is implemented in a real-world task-oriented dialogue system, it is necessary to generate not only natural utterances as learned on training data but also utterances adapted to the dialogue environment (e.g., noise from environmental sounds) and the user (e.g., users with low levels of understanding ability). Inspired by recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) for language generation tasks, we propose ANTOR, a method for Adaptive Natural language generation for Task-Oriented dialogue via Reinforcement learning. In ANTOR, a natural language understanding (NLU) module, which corresponds to the user's understanding of system utterances, is incorporated into the objective function of RL. If the NLG's intentions are correctly conveyed to the NLU, which understands a system's utterances, the NLG is given a positive reward. We conducted experiments on the MultiWOZ dataset, and we confirmed that ANTOR could generate adaptive utterances against speech recognition errors and the different vocabulary levels of users.Comment: Accepted by COLING 202

    Magnetodielectric Response of the Spin-Ice Dy2Ti2O7

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    We report the magneto-dielectric response of single crystals of the spin-ice compound Dy2Ti2O7 down to 0.26 K. The dielectric constant under zero magnetic field exhibits a clear decrease reflecting the development of the local two-spins-in, two-spins-out structure below about 1.2 K. Both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant under magnetic fields sensitively respond to various changes in the spin structures. We found that the real part can be described in terms of local spin correlations among the moments of tetrahedra, rather than among individual Dy3+ moments. Using the peaks in the imaginary part, we have constructed a precise field-temperature phase diagram in the [111] field direction. We thus demonstrate that the magneto-dielectric response can be a high-sensitivity local probe of the spin state of geometrically frustrated systems.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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