283 research outputs found
Temperature and comfort monitoring systems for humans
PhDThermoregulation system and human body responses, both physiological (i.e. skin and
core temperature) and psychological (thermal sensation and thermal comfort), have
been of considerable interest to researchers. However, while reactions to extreme
conditions are well understood and explained, there is a considerable knowledge gap for
mild temperature range adaptation. Previous research focused on the whole body
response, while local analysis is more appropriate for a new generation of intelligent
thermal control systems such as needed in planes. Furthermore majority of previous
studies were carried out predominantly on mannequins or with subjects placed in highly
controlled lab chambers, hence adaptations in normal shared spaces is not investigated
in sufficient depth. In addition, no study investigated infantsâ temperature adaptation.
This thesis describes the comprehensive study of the human temperature distribution in
selected areas, both for adults and infants under the age of 2. Furthermore, variation of
core and local skin temperature, thermal sensation and level of comfort due to long
periods of inactivity were also investigated in adults. These studies have set the basis
for the development of temperature monitoring systems.
The first monitoring system specific to children under 2 provides fever detection based
on skin temperature measurement. It was developed for a Spanish textile company
(AITEX), and it is a patent under consideration. The second system monitors level of
comfort and thermal sensation of adults in indoor environments. The system is based on
pre-existing statistical studies and Fangerâs steady-state model. It adapts to the
individual while analysing real time skin temperature distribution, and identifie
Characterization of bespoke force sensors for tailored applications
Bespoke force sensors made with active polymer
composites are inexpensive, thin and flexible, hence popular in
wearable electronics, however their wider application is limited
due to the lack of literature studying their voltage response related
errors. We present the voltage response characterization of
bespoke force sensors made with an active polymer composite,
silver coated fabric, stainless steel thread and silver epoxy.
Characterization of the effects of static and dynamic loading was
completed with a mechanical testing machine. Static tests
consisted of loading and unloading at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 N/s, and
drift tests for 120 minutes up to 10 N every 1 N. Dynamic tests
consisted of a sinusoidal load of 5 N ± 1 N applied at 0.05, 0.1 and
0.5 Hz for 60 minutes. The force-voltage relationships were
modelled using an exponential function. Maximum mean drift
error was observed when applying different static loads for 120
minutes each. Drift error is minimal at 5 s (<1%)and at 60 (< 5%)
minutes with loads under 1 N. Maximum hysteresis of 18% was
observed at a 1 N/s loading rate. The maximum drift error after
one hour of dynamic loading was observed at 0.5 Hz and is
minimal (-0.00004%). The cost of fabricating these sensors is very
low compared with commercially available options. These sensors
can be fabricated in any shape and size with the added advantage
of being able to set the location of the electronic connections as
desired
the SDSS-III APOGEE Spectral Line List for H-Band Spectroscopy
We present the H-band spectral line lists adopted by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). The APOGEE line lists comprise astrophysical, theoretical, and laboratory sources from the literature, as well as newly evaluated astrophysical oscillator strengths and damping parameters. We discuss the construction of the APOGEE line list, which is one of the critical inputs for the APOGEE Stellar Parameters and Chemical Abundances Pipeline, and present three different versions that have been used at various stages of the project. The methodology for the newly calculated astrophysical line lists is reviewed. The largest of these three line lists contains 134,457 molecular and atomic transitions. In addition to the format adopted to store the data, the line lists are available in MOOG, Synspec, and Turbospectrum formats. The limitations of the line lists along with guidance for its use on different spectral types are discussed. We also present a list of H-band spectral features that are either poorly represented or completely missing in our line list. This list is based on the average of a large number of spectral fit residuals for APOGEE observations spanning a wide range of stellar parameters.Alfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Science FoundationU.S. Department of Energy Office of ScienceJanos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness AYA-2011-27754, AYA-2014-58082-PRSF 14-50-00043McDonald Observator
Stress shielding and bone resorption of press-fit polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) hip prosthesis: a sawbone model study
Stress shielding secondary to bone resorption is one of the main causes of aseptic loosening, which limits the lifespan of the hip prostheses and increases the rates of revision surgery. This study proposes a low stiffness polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) hip prostheses, produced by fused deposition modelling to minimize the stress difference after the hip replacement. The stress shielding effect and the potential bone resorption of the PEEK implant was investigated through both experimental tests and FE simulation. A generic Ti6Al4V implant was incorporated in this study to allow fair comparison as control group. Attributed to the low stiffness, the proposed PEEK implant showed a more natural stress distribution, less stress shielding (by 104%), and loss in bone mass (by 72%) compared with the Ti6Al4V implant. The stiffness of the Ti6Al4V and the PEEK implant were measured through compression tests to be 2.76 kN/mm and 0.276 kN/mm. The factor of safety for the PEEK implant in both static and dynamic loading scenarios were obtained through simulation. Most of the regions in the PEEK implant were tested to be safe (FoS larger than 1) in terms of representing daily activities (2300 N), while the medial neck and distal restriction point of the implant attracts large von Mises stress 82 MPa and 76 MPa, respectively, and, thus, may possibly fail during intensive activities by yield and fatigue. Overall, considering the reduction in stress shielding and bone resorption in cortical bone, PEEK could be a promising material for the patient-specific femoral implants
Client needs and satisfaction in an HIV facility
Health care evaluation serves the purpose of monitoring the quality of health care provided by Health Care Providers (HCP), so that health care services can be provided most effectively and efficiently. Patient satisfaction studies are widely used to assess the quality of outpatient care. A client satisfaction study was conducted at an HIV health care facility in Sydney, Australia during 2007-2008. There were three objectives: 1.) To validate a questionnaire for future determination of client satisfaction in HIV health care facilities. 2.) To identify the levels of satisfaction of clients, and investigate any dissatisfaction and unmet needs towards HIV health care. 3.) To provide recommendations for improving client satisfaction levels in HIV health care. This research used a mixed method approach and consisted of two phases. The first phase was a quantitative survey conducted with 166 clients (both HIV positive and negative) at Albion Street Centre (ASC) using a newly-devised questionnaire. Clients were asked to answer demographic questions, rate their levels of satisfaction with each aspect and each HCP category, and provide suggestions for improvement. Quantitative statistical analysis was conducted to obtain a general view of client satisfaction levels. Dissatisfaction and unmet needs of clients were then investigated in-depth in the second phase of the research through qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Twenty-two clients (both HIV positive and negative) at ASC were interviewed individually and asked about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences towards their HCP and the HIV health care services received. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and interpret the qualitative data. More than 90% of the clients were satisfied with most of the aspects covered in the survey, with a mean overall satisfaction score of 84 out of 100. Clients were most iii satisfied with the âtechnical qualityâ and âinterpersonal mannerâ of the HCP, and were least satisfied with âwaiting timeâ and âavailability of HCPâ. The HCP category with which the clients has the highest level of satisfaction was ânursesâ (86%), followed by âpsychologistsâ (84%), then âdoctorsâ (83%). Clients who were HIV negative, had a full time job, visited ASC less frequently, or did not possess any type of Health Care Card were more satisfied with the services overall. No common dissatisfaction or unmet needs towards HIV health care service were identified. âTechnical quality of HCPâ and âthe relationship with HCPâ were the two most important determinants of client satisfaction, which outweighed the inconvenience contributed by the poor availability of HCP and the location of ASC. The maintenance of âconfidentiality/privacyâ was shown to be fundamental in HIV health care facilities. The multi-disciplinary nature of ASC increased the degree of convenience and satisfaction level among clients. Suggestions for improvement in client satisfaction levels include increasing the attractiveness of the physical environment and the variety of educational reading materials in the waiting area; introducing beverages, and encouraging clients to be involved in their treatment decisions. Health care administrative staff in particular are reminded not to neglect the importance of the availability of HCP, accessibility, and physical environment when establishing a new HIV health care facility. The mixed method approach (quantitative survey and qualitative interviews) proved beneficial. It increased the validity of the findings by assessing client satisfaction levels using more than one method. This enabled clarification of ambiguities noted in the initial survey through probes used in the interviews, and also allowed investigation of the determinants of client satisfaction through understanding their experiences in HIV health care. Future client satisfaction studies would benefit from using this approach
Sodium and Oxygen Abundances in the Open Cluster NGC 6791 from APOGEE H-Band Spectroscopy
The open cluster NGC 6791 is among the oldest, most massive and metal-rich
open clusters in the Galaxy. High-resolution -band spectra from the Apache
Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) of 11 red giants in
NGC 6791 are analyzed for their chemical abundances of iron, oxygen, and
sodium. The abundances of these three elements are found to be homogeneous
(with abundance dispersions at the level of 0.05 - 0.07 dex) in these
cluster red giants, which span much of the red-giant branch (T
3500K - 4600K), and include two red-clump giants. From the infrared
spectra, this cluster is confirmed to be among the most metal-rich clusters in
the Galaxy ( = 0.34 0.06), and is found to have a roughly
solar value of [O/Fe] and slightly enhanced [Na/Fe]. Non-LTE calculations for
the studied Na I lines in the APOGEE spectral region (16373.86\AA\ and
16388.85\AA) indicate only small departures from LTE ( 0.04 dex)
for the parameter range and metallicity of the studied stars. The previously
reported double population of cluster members with different Na abundances is
not found among the studied sample.Comment: Accepted for publication at ApJ Letter
Contribution of microscopy for understanding the mechanism of action against trypanosomatids
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has proved to be a useful tool to study the ultrastructural alterations and the target organelles of new antitrypanosomatid drugs. Thus, it has been observed that sesquiterpene lactones induce diverse ultrastructural alterations in both T. cruzi and Leishmania spp., such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, appearance of multilamellar structures, condensation of nuclear DNA, and, in some cases, an important accumulation of lipid vacuoles. This accumulation could be related to apoptotic events. Some of the sesquiterpene lactones (e.g., psilostachyin) have also been demonstrated to cause an intense mitochondrial swelling accompanied by a visible kinetoplast deformation as well as the appearance of multivesicular bodies. This mitochondrial swelling could be related to the generation of oxidative stress and associated to alterations in the ergosterol metabolism. The appearance of multilamellar structures and multiple kinetoplasts and flagella induced by the sesquiterpene lactone psilostachyin C indicates that this compound would act at the parasite cell cycle level, in an intermediate stage between kinetoplast segregation and nuclear division. In turn, the diterpene lactone icetexane has proved to induce the external membrane budding on T. cruzi together with an apparent disorganization of the pericellar cytoskeleton. Thus, ultrastructural TEM studies allow elucidating the possible mechanisms and the subsequent identification of molecular targets for the action of natural compounds on trypanosomatids.Fil: Lozano, Esteban SebastiĂĄn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y BiologĂa Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Spina Zapata, Renata MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias MĂ©dicas. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Barrera, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias MĂ©dicas. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Tonn, Carlos Eugenio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en TecnologĂa QuĂmica. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en TecnologĂa QuĂmica; ArgentinaFil: Sosa Escudero, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias MĂ©dicas. Instituto de HistologĂa y EmbriologĂa de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentin
Stellar and Planetary Characterization of the Ross 128 Exoplanetary System from APOGEE Spectra
The first detailed chemical abundance analysis of the M dwarf (M4.0)
exoplanet-hosting star Ross 128 is presented here, based upon near-infrared
(1.5--1.7 \micron) high-resolution (22,500) spectra from the
SDSS-APOGEE survey. We determined precise atmospheric parameters =3231100K, log=4.960.11 dex and chemical abundances of eight
elements (C, O, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe), finding Ross 128 to have near solar
metallicity ([Fe/H] = +0.030.09 dex). The derived results were obtained
via spectral synthesis (1-D LTE) adopting both MARCS and PHOENIX model
atmospheres; stellar parameters and chemical abundances derived from the
different adopted models do not show significant offsets. Mass-radius modeling
of Ross 128b indicate that it lies below the pure rock composition curve,
suggesting that it contains a mixture of rock and iron, with the relative
amounts of each set by the ratio of Fe/Mg. If Ross 128b formed with a sub-solar
Si/Mg ratio, and assuming the planet's composition matches that of the
host-star, it likely has a larger core size relative to the Earth. The derived
planetary parameters -- insolation flux (S=1.790.26) and
equilibrium temperature (=29410K) -- support previous findings
that Ross 128b is a temperate exoplanet in the inner edge of the habitable
zone.Comment: Accepted in ApJLetters, 3 figures, 2 tables, 12 page
Atypical Mg-poor Milky Way Field Stars with Globular Cluster Second-generation-like Chemical Patterns
We report the peculiar chemical abundance patterns of 11 atypical Milky Way (MW) field red giant stars observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). These atypical giants exhibit strong Al and N enhancements accompanied by C and Mg depletions, strikingly similar to those observed in the so-called second-generation (SG) stars of globular clusters (GCs). Remarkably, we find low Mg abundances ([Mg/Fe] < 0.0) together with strong Al and N overabundances in the majority (5/7) of the metal-rich ([Fe/H] gsim â1.0) sample stars, which is at odds with actual observations of SG stars in Galactic GCs of similar metallicities. This chemical pattern is unique and unprecedented among MW stars, posing urgent questions about its origin. These atypical stars could be former SG stars of dissolved GCs formed with intrinsically lower abundances of Mg and enriched Al (subsequently self-polluted by massive AGB stars) or the result of exotic binary systems. We speculate that the stars Mg-deficiency as well as the orbital properties suggest that they could have an extragalactic origin. This discovery should guide future dedicated spectroscopic searches of atypical stellar chemical patterns in our Galaxy, a fundamental step forward to understanding the Galactic formation and evolution
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