Acute consumption of bordo grape juice and wine improves serum antioxidant status in healthy individuals and inhibits reactive oxygen species production in human neuron-like cells

Few studies investigated the biological effects of American grape cultivars. We investigated the metabolic response after acute consumption of grape juice or wine from Bordo grapes (Vitis labrusca) in a placebo-controlled crossover study with fifteen healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected 1 hour after the intake of 100 mL of water, juice, or wine to measure TBARS, ABTS, FRAP, glucose, and uric acid levels. To evaluate differences in cellular response, intracellular reactive species production (DCFH-DA) and metabolic mitochondrial viability (MTT) were assessed after exposure of human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) to juice or wine. Glycemia was reduced after juice or wine consumption, whereas blood levels of uric acid were reduced after juice consumption but increased after wine consumption. Juice and wine consumption reduced plasma lipid peroxidation and increased plasma antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP assays). Furthermore, juice inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular production of reactive species (RS) and increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, wine (dealcoholized) exhibited a per se effect by inducing the production of RS and reducing cell viability. )ese results indicate a positive impact of acute consumption of Bordo juice and wine on human oxidative status, whereas only juice had protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity

Mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults: a temporal time series

Objective: to analyze the trends of mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults. Methods: ecological, time series investigation of deaths by HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults, from 2009-2019 in Brazil, in populated areas included in records from the System of Information on Mortality. We applied correcting factors to the mortality rates and carried out analysis using polynomial regression modeling. Results: we analyzed 6,344 deaths by HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults. We found high mortality rates in young adults when compared to adolescents. There was a growing trend in the north of the country, in the age group from 10 to 14. Mortality rates were higher among males in all regions, with a reduction in the mean rate for white persons and an increase for black/brown persons. Conclusion: there was an increasing trend, followed by a decrease in the last few years, with relevant differences between regions. The age group from 20 to 24 and males presented the highest mean rates of deaths from this disease. Contributions to practice: most of all, our findings give support to health planning, considering the specificities of the public and the regions with the most growing trends, thus helping improve public policies

Acute Consumption of Bordo Grape Juice and Wine Improves Serum Antioxidant Status in Healthy Individuals and Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Neuron-Like Cells

Few studies investigated the biological effects of American grape cultivars. We investigated the metabolic response after acute consumption of grape juice or wine from Bordo grapes (Vitis labrusca) in a placebo-controlled crossover study with fifteen healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected 1 hour after the intake of 100 mL of water, juice, or wine to measure TBARS, ABTS, FRAP, glucose, and uric acid levels. To evaluate differences in cellular response, intracellular reactive species production (DCFH-DA) and metabolic mitochondrial viability (MTT) were assessed after exposure of human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) to juice or wine. Glycemia was reduced after juice or wine consumption, whereas blood levels of uric acid were reduced after juice consumption but increased after wine consumption. Juice and wine consumption reduced plasma lipid peroxidation and increased plasma antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP assays). Furthermore, juice inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular production of reactive species (RS) and increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, wine (dealcoholized) exhibited a per se effect by inducing the production of RS and reducing cell viability. These results indicate a positive impact of acute consumption of Bordo juice and wine on human oxidative status, whereas only juice had protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity

UTILIZAÇÃO DA TERMOGRAFIA INFRAVERMELHA NA DETERMINAÇÃO DE PROPRIEDADES TÉRMICAS DE MATERIAIS PRODUZIDOS A PARTIR DE FIBRA DE BANANEIRA

Por ser um dos maiores produtores mundiais de banana, o Brasil também é um grande gerador de resíduos provenientes desta cultura. Dentre os resíduos, encontra-se o engaço, que pode ser utilizado como matéria prima na fabricação de materiais reciclados, por exemplo, o papel. O papel fabricado com fibra de bananeira pode ser empregado como material de embalagens na indústria de alimentos desde que algumas de suas características sejam conhecidas. Algumas destas características referem-se às propriedades térmicas, sendo as principais: calor específico, condutividade térmica e difusividade térmica. Em meio às metodologias aplicadas para a determinação destas propriedades, tem-se a termografia infravermelha, que é capaz de determinar a temperatura superficial de objetos através da coleta de imagens captadas por uma câmera que converte a radiação emitida por este objeto em sinais elétricos, criando uma imagem térmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a termografia infravermelha na determinação das propriedades térmicas de materiais produzidos a partir de fibra de bananeira. Para tanto, observou-se a variação da temperatura superficial da amostra utilizando a termografia infravermelha. Foi implementado, em linguagem FORTRAN®, um algoritmo capaz de simular o decaimento da temperatura quando fornecidos valores da massa específica, calor específico, condutividade térmica e difusividade térmica do material e fluxo térmico imposto à amostra. Variaram-se os valores da condutividade térmica e calor específico, no modelo matemático, até o ajuste da curva numérica com a experimental, encontrando, respectivamente, 0,25 W/(m2.K) e 1220 J/(kg.K). A difusividade térmica foi calculada, indiretamente, sendo encontrado o valor de 6,44 x 10-7 m2/s. Conclui-se que a termografia infravermelha foi capaz de determinar as propriedades desde que alguns parâmetros sejam previamente determinados, como por exemplo, a emissividade da amostra. O modelo matemático foi fundamental como ferramenta de ajuste das curvas

Síndrome de Cronkhite-Canada: Cronkhite Syndrome Canada

Introdução: A Síndrome de Cronkhite-Canada é uma, apesar de rara, importante causa de alopecia, além de alterações ungueais, cutâneas e gastrointestinais, podendo as últimas serem fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer do trato gastrointestinal. É possível encontrar pólipos distribuídos por todo o trato gastrointestinal. Pouco se sabe sobre sua etiologia, mas são consideradas causas infecciosas, autoimunes, alérgicas e genéticas, podendo ter como fatores predisponentes o estresse físico e mental. Apresentação do caso: Homem, 63 anos, trabalhador braçal, comparece à unidade de pronto atendimento com quadro de diarreia, náuseas, vômitos e dor em região abdominal há 2 meses, associado a perda ponderal, hipogeusia, unhas quebradiças e queda de cabelo. Endoscopia digestiva alta demonstrou polipose acentuada em estômago e duodeno. A histologia do material analisado explanou hamartomas, leve infiltração de células inflamatórias eosinofílicas, edema submucoso e dilatação de glândulas mucosas. Discussão: A SCC Apresenta um prognóstico ruim com taxa de mortalidade que ultrapassa 50% devido a doença ser progressiva com curso variável, pois a sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida. O diagnóstico depende de características patológicas, clínicas  e  endoscópicas. Porém, o diagnóstico geralmente é atrasado devido à sua raridade e à falta de um algoritmo diagnóstico. Conclusão: recomenda-se que no atendimento de um paciente apresentando as alterações descritas acima, a SCC entre como hipótese diagnóstica e seja feita uma busca ativa com exames endoscópicos e histopatológicos na suspeita de anormalidade no padrão dos pólipos. Além disso, deve ser associado a um conhecimento dermatológico amplo

Hemangioma hepático gigante: Giant hepatic hemangioma

Introdução: Devido à maior disponibilidade de exames de imagem, os tumores hepáticos estão cada vez mais presentes na prática clínica, tendo como o mais comum o hemangioma (5-20%) da população, com maior incidência em mulheres (5:1). Por ser comumente diagnosticado de maneira incidental, os hemangiomas gigantes podem cursar com sintomas condutores a suspeita. Apresentação do caso: MCRM, sexo feminino, 33 anos de idade, admitida no PS Ciams Urias Magalhães, com quadro de desconforto no abdome superior, sensação de plenitude. Negou comorbidades e uso de medicamentos. Estável hemodinamicamente, massa palpável em abdome. Tomografia de tórax evidenciou lesão de 7 cm em seu maior diâmetro, compatível com hemangioma. Discussão: o tratamento se mantém controverso. Atualmente, a conduta é expectante, exceto em casos de pacientes sintomáticos, tumores gigantes (>4 cm ), com complicações e desejo de engravidar. Nesses casos, o tratamento cirúrgico é indicado, sendo eles a ressecção hepática ou a hepatectomia. Conclusão: Geralmente, são tumores hepáticos benignos e assintomáticos, apesar de estarem sendo cada vez mais diagnosticados os hemangiomas gigantes. As complicações são raras, como rotura, abscesso, Síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt e icterícia por obstrução, ficando reservado o transplante hepático nesses casos mais graves

Acute diverticulitis in immunocompromised patients: evidence from an international multicenter observational registry (Web-based International Register of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Wires-T)

Background: Immunocompromised patients with acute diverticulitis are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare clinical presentations, types of treatment, and outcomes between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with acute diverticulitis. Methods: We compared the data of patients with acute diverticulitis extracted from the Web-based International Registry of Emergency Surgery and Trauma (WIRES-T) from January 2018 to December 2021. First, two groups were identified: medical therapy (A) and surgical therapy (B). Each group was divided into three subgroups: nonimmunocompromised (grade 0), mildly to moderately (grade 1), and severely immunocompromised (grade 2). Results: Data from 482 patients were analyzed—229 patients (47.5%) [M:F = 1:1; median age: 60 (24–95) years] in group A and 253 patients (52.5%) [M:F = 1:1; median age: 71 (26–94) years] in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups in grade distribution: 69.9% versus 38.3% for grade 0, 26.6% versus 51% for grade 1, and 3.5% versus 10.7% for grade 2 (p < 0.00001). In group A, severe sepsis (p = 0.027) was more common in higher grades of immunodeficiency. Patients with grade 2 needed longer hospitalization (p = 0.005). In group B, a similar condition was found in terms of severe sepsis (p = 0.002), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 2 (p = 0.0002), and Mannheim Peritonitis Index (p = 0.010). A Hartmann’s procedure is mainly performed in grades 1–2 (p < 0.0001). Major complications increased significantly after a Hartmann’s procedure (p = 0.047). Mortality was higher in the immunocompromised patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Immunocompromised patients with acute diverticulitis present with a more severe clinical picture. When surgery is required, immunocompromised patients mainly undergo a Hartmann’s procedure. Postoperative morbidity and mortality are, however, higher in immunocompromised patients, who also require a longer hospital stay

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.