Internet of Things Applications for Cold Chain Vaccine Tracking:A Systematic Literature Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an immense effort by laboratories, governments, and non-governmental organizations to develop vaccines in record time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one of the major challenges for global immunization is to keep the temperature conditions of these supplies in remote areas, especially in underdeveloped countries. Monitoring the cold chain, the supply chain specializing in refrigerated goods, such as food and health items, becomes critical to their preservation. Technologies inherent to the Internet of Things, like RFID and temperature sensors, are commonly used to identify and detect physical changes in the environment in which they are embedded. This survey presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) conducted to identify the most relevant studies on this topic from digital libraries. Through this SLR, 23 primary studies were selected from which important data were extracted and analyzed. The presented results in this study should explain which and how the key technologies are used to control the delivery of vaccines in the cold chain, focusing on remote regions

EFICÁCIA DO AMICARBAZONE E FLUMIOXAZIM NO CONTROLE DE MERREMIA AEGYPITIA, MUCUNA ATERRIMA E RICINUS COMMUNIS NO SISTEMA DE CANA CRUA

The presence of weeds can considerably affect the culture of sugarcane, especially in the beginning of its development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides amicarbazone and flumioxazim in the control of the species Merremia aegypitia, Mucuna aterrima and Ricinus communis in the raw cane system. The survey was conducted under field conditions with sandy soil covered by 10 t. ha-1 sugarcane straw. The experiment was performed in quadruplicate outlined in randomized blocks. Certified weed seeds at a density of 10 plants / m2 were used, the herbicides amicarbazone (1400 g. ha-1 a.i.) and flumioxazim (250 g.ha-1 a.i.) were applied to a 6-nozzle pressurized costal sprayer model. The % of Control and phytotoxicity damage were evaluated at 7, 14, 23, 28 and 35 DAA, and the biomass of plant shoot at 35 DAA. Under the conditions studied, the herbicide amicarbazone had superior results in relation to the other treatments, with a high percentage of control for the three species studied (above 84.28% of control); for the species R. communis and M. aegypitia there was no difference explained in the treatments with and without straw, for M. terririma the treatment with amicarbazone proved to be more effective without the straw (97.14% of control) compared to the treatment with straw (84.28% of control). The herbicide flumioxazim, applied under similar conditions, showing a high percentage of control only for M. aegyptia (100% control), for which the presence of straw did not alter its action.A presença de plantas daninhas pode afetar a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, principalmente no início de seu desenvolvimento. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas amicarbazone e flumioxazim aplicados em pré-emergência das espécies Merremia aegypitia, Mucuna aterrima e Ricinus communis, consideradas de difícil controle no sistema de cana crua. O estudo foi conduzido em condições de campo, em solo de textura arenosa coberto por 10 t. ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, o experimento foi realizado em quadruplicata delineados em blocos casualizados. Foram utilizadas sementes das plantas daninhas certificadas, na densidade de 10 plantas m-2, os herbicidas amicarbazone (1400 g. ha-1 i.a.) e flumioxazim (250 g.ha-1 i.a.) foram aplicados em equipamento pulverizador costal pressurizado com CO2. Foram realizadas avaliações de % de controle e fitotoxicidade aos 7, 14, 23, 28 e 35 DAA. A biomassa da parte aérea das plantas daninhas aos 35 DAA também foi avaliada. Nas condições estudadas, o herbicida amicarbazone apresentou resultados superiores em relação aos demais tratamentos, com elevada porcentagem de controle para as três espécies estudadas (acima de 84,28% de controle), para as espécies R. communis e M. aegypitia não houve diferença significativa nos tratamentos com e sem palha, já para a M. aterrima o tratamento com amicarbazone mostrou-se mais eficaz sem a palha (97,14% de controle) em relação ao tratamento com palha (84,28% de controle). Já o herbicida flumioxazim, aplicado em condições similares, apresentou elevada porcentagem de controle apenas para M. aegyptia (100% de controle), para a qual, a presença de palha não alterou sua ação

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

First observation of a doubly charged tetraquark and its neutral partner

A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays $B^0 \rightarrow \overline{D}^0 D^+_s\pi^-$ and $B^+\rightarrow D^- D^+_s\pi^+$, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13$\,\rm{TeV}$. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9$\,\rm{fb^{-1}}$. Two new resonant states with masses of $2.908\pm0.011\pm0.020\,\rm{GeV}$ and widths of $0.136\pm0.023\pm0.011\,\rm{GeV}$ are observed, which decay to $D^+_s\pi^+$ and $D^+_s\pi^-$ respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content $[c\bar{s}u\bar{d}]$, and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of $[c\bar{s}\bar{u}d]$ quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity $0^+$, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-026.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Amplitude analysis of B0→D‾0Ds+π−B^0 \rightarrow \overline{D}^0 D_s^+ \pi^- and B+→D−Ds+π+B^+ \rightarrow D^- D_s^+ \pi^+ decays

Resonant contributions in $B^0 \rightarrow \overline{D}^0 D^+_s\pi^-$ and $B^+\rightarrow D^- D^+_s\pi^+$ decays are determined with an amplitude analysis, which is performed both separately and simultaneously, where in the latter case isospin symmetry between the decays is assumed. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 $\rm{TeV}$. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\rm fb^{-1}$. A doubly charged spin-0 open-charm tetraquark candidate together with a neutral partner, both with masses near $2.9\,\rm{GeV}$, are observed in the $D_s\pi$ decay channel.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-027.html (LHCb public pages

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Gemini spectra of 12 000 k white dwarf stars

We report signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) - ~100 optical spectra for four DA white dwarf stars acquired with the GMOS spectrograph of the 8-m Gemini north telescope. These stars have 18 < g < 19 and are around Teff ~ 12 000 K, where the hydrogen lines are close to maximum. Our purpose is to test if the effective temperatures and surface gravities derived from the relatively low-S/N ( S/N ≈ 21) optical spectra acquired by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey through model atmosphere fitting are trustworthy. Our spectra range from 3800 to 6000 Å, therefore including Hβ to H9. The H8 line was only marginally present in the SDSS spectra, but is crucial to determine the gravity. When we compare the values published by Kleinman et al. and Eisenstein et al. with our line-profile technique (LPT) fits, the average differences are: ∆ - ~Teff 320 K, systematically lower in the SDSS, and ∆ log - ~ 0.24 dex, systematically larger in the SDSS. The correlation between the gravity and the effective temperature can only be broken at wavelengths bluer than 3800 Å. The uncertainties in Teff are 60 per cent larger, and in log g larger by a factor of 4, than the internal uncertainties of Kleinman et al. and Eisenstein et al

White dwarf mass distribution in the SDSS

We determined masses for the 7167 DA and 507 DB white dwarf stars classified as single and non-magnetic in Data Release 4 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We obtained revised Teff and log g determinations for the most massive stars by fitting the SDSS optical spectra with a synthetic spectra grid derived from model atmospheres extending to log g = 10.0. We also calculate radii from evolutionary models and create volume-corrected mass distributions for our DA and DB samples. The mean mass for the DA stars brighter than g = 19 and hotter than Teff = 12 000K is (M) DA - ~ 0.593 ± 0.016Mʘ. For the 150 DBs brighter than g = 19 and hotter than Teff = 16 000 K, we find (M) DB = 0.711 ± 0.009Mʘ. It appears the mean mass for DB white dwarf stars may be significantly larger than that for DAs. We also report the highest mass white dwarf stars ever found, up to 1.33Mʘ