General care patients with noninvasive mechanical ventilation

Objetivos: Homogeneizar los criterios de actuación de Enfermería para mejorar la calidad asistencial. Proporcionar una herramienta de trabajo para los trabajadores de nueva incorporación fomentando el trabajo en equipo y mejorando la organización y planificación de los cuidados hacia el paciente. Método: Estudio descriptivo elaborado tras una revisión bibliográfica como apoyo a la experiencia profesional. Resultados: La descripción del procedimiento que se emplea, nos sirve de guía para el buen funcionamiento del proceso. Conclusiones: La implicación de la enfermería es de suma importancia en el proceso del paciente que precisa de Ventilación Mecánica no Invasiva (VMNI). La comparación de los artículos con el resultado obtenido y la puesta en común, nos ha llevado a la conclusión de la importancia de establecer unas bases que sirvan de motivación a los profesionales sanitarios para conseguir el mayor éxito posible en los objetivos planteados. Una adecuada secuencia de técnicas aplicadas correctamente, condicionan el éxito de la VMNI. Es imprescindible que enfermería tenga los conocimientos y las habilidades necesarios para un correcto inicio de la VMNI.Objectives: Mix the performance criteria to improve nursing care quality. Provide a working tool for fostering new workers teamwork and improving the organization and planning of care to the patient. Method: A descriptive study was developed following a literature review to support the experience. Results: The description of the procedure used, serves as a guide for the proper functioning of the process. Conclusions: The involvement of nursing is of utmost importance in the process of patients who need Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV). The comparison of items with the result and sharing has led us to conclude the importance of establishing a foundation that will serve as motivation to healthcare professionals to achieve the greatest possible success in the objectives. A proper sequence of techniques properly applied, determine the success of NIV. It is imperative that nurses have the knowledge and skills necessary for proper initiation of NIV

Charge model of four-terminal 2D semiconductor FETs

A charge model for four-terminal two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor based field-effect transistors (FETs) is proposed. The model is suitable for describing the dynamic response of these devices under time-varying terminal voltage excitations.This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No GrapheneCore2 785219, and from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under GrantsTEC2015-67462-C2-1-Rand TEC2017-89955-R(MINECO/FEDER)

Sharp acoustic vortex focusing by Fresnel-spiral zone plates

[EN] We report the optimal focusing of acoustic vortex beams by using flat lenses based on a Fresnelspiral diffraction grating. The flat lenses are designed by spiral-shaped Fresnel zone plates composed of one or several arms. The constructive and destructive interferences of the diffracted waves by the spiral grating result in sharp acoustic vortex beams, following the focal laws obtained in analogy with the Fresnel zone plate lenses. In addition, we show that the number of arms determines the topological charge of the vortex, allowing the precise manipulation of the acoustic wave field by flat lenses. The experimental results in the ultrasonic regime show excellent agreement with the theory and full-wave numerical simulations. A comparison with beam focusing by Archimedean spirals also showing vortex focusing is given. The results of this work may have potential applications for particle trapping, ultrasound therapy, imaging, or underwater acoustic transmitters.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) and European Union FEDER through Project Nos. FIS2015-65998-C2-1 and FIS2015-65998-C2-2. N.J. acknowledges financial support from Generalitat Valenciana through Grant No. APOSTD-2017-042.Jimenez, N.; Romero García, V.; García-Raffi, LM.; Camarena Femenia, F.; Staliunas, K. (2018). Sharp acoustic vortex focusing by Fresnel-spiral zone plates. Applied Physics Letters. 112(20):204101-1-204101-5. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5029424S204101-1204101-511220J. Nye and M. Berry ,Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences(The Royal Society, 1974), Vol.336, pp. 165–190.Grier, D. G. (2003). A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature, 424(6950), 810-816. doi:10.1038/nature01935Volke-Sepúlveda, K., Santillán, A. O., & Boullosa, R. R. (2008). Transfer of Angular Momentum to Matter from Acoustical Vortices in Free Space. Physical Review Letters, 100(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.024302Anhäuser, A., Wunenburger, R., & Brasselet, E. (2012). Acoustic Rotational Manipulation Using Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer. Physical Review Letters, 109(3). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.034301Demore, C. E. M., Yang, Z., Volovick, A., Cochran, S., MacDonald, M. P., & Spalding, G. C. (2012). Mechanical Evidence of the Orbital Angular Momentum to Energy Ratio of Vortex Beams. Physical Review Letters, 108(19). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.194301Hong, Z., Zhang, J., & Drinkwater, B. W. (2015). Observation of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer from Bessel-Shaped Acoustic Vortices to Diphasic Liquid-Microparticle Mixtures. Physical Review Letters, 114(21). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.214301Wu, J. (1991). Acoustical tweezers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(5), 2140-2143. doi:10.1121/1.400907Marzo, A., Ghobrial, A., Cox, L., Caleap, M., Croxford, A., & Drinkwater, B. W. (2017). Realization of compact tractor beams using acoustic delay-lines. Applied Physics Letters, 110(1), 014102. doi:10.1063/1.4972407Marzo, A., Caleap, M., & Drinkwater, B. W. (2018). Acoustic Virtual Vortices with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum for Trapping of Mie Particles. Physical Review Letters, 120(4). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.044301Shi, C., Dubois, M., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2017). High-speed acoustic communication by multiplexing orbital angular momentum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(28), 7250-7253. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704450114Thomas, J.-L., & Marchiano, R. (2003). Pseudo Angular Momentum and Topological Charge Conservation for Nonlinear Acoustical Vortices. Physical Review Letters, 91(24). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.244302Marchiano, R., & Thomas, J.-L. (2005). Synthesis and analysis of linear and nonlinear acoustical vortices. Physical Review E, 71(6). doi:10.1103/physreve.71.066616Ealo, J. L., Prieto, J. C., & Seco, F. (2011). Airborne ultrasonic vortex generation using flexible ferroelectrets. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 58(8), 1651-1657. doi:10.1109/tuffc.2011.1992Gspan, S., Meyer, A., Bernet, S., & Ritsch-Marte, M. (2004). Optoacoustic generation of a helicoidal ultrasonic beam. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(3), 1142-1146. doi:10.1121/1.1643367Hefner, B. T., & Marston, P. L. (1999). An acoustical helicoidal wave transducer with applications for the alignment of ultrasonic and underwater systems. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106(6), 3313-3316. doi:10.1121/1.428184Jiang, X., Li, Y., Liang, B., Cheng, J., & Zhang, L. (2016). Convert Acoustic Resonances to Orbital Angular Momentum. Physical Review Letters, 117(3). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.034301Ye, L., Qiu, C., Lu, J., Tang, K., Jia, H., Ke, M., … Liu, Z. (2016). Making sound vortices by metasurfaces. AIP Advances, 6(8), 085007. doi:10.1063/1.4961062Naify, C. J., Rohde, C. A., Martin, T. P., Nicholas, M., Guild, M. D., & Orris, G. J. (2016). Generation of topologically diverse acoustic vortex beams using a compact metamaterial aperture. Applied Physics Letters, 108(22), 223503. doi:10.1063/1.4953075Esfahlani, H., Lissek, H., & Mosig, J. R. (2017). Generation of acoustic helical wavefronts using metasurfaces. Physical Review B, 95(2). doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.024312Jiménez, N., Picó, R., Sánchez-Morcillo, V., Romero-García, V., García-Raffi, L. M., & Staliunas, K. (2016). Formation of high-order acoustic Bessel beams by spiral diffraction gratings. Physical Review E, 94(5). doi:10.1103/physreve.94.053004Wang, T., Ke, M., Li, W., Yang, Q., Qiu, C., & Liu, Z. (2016). Particle manipulation with acoustic vortex beam induced by a brass plate with spiral shape structure. Applied Physics Letters, 109(12), 123506. doi:10.1063/1.4963185Muelas-Hurtado, R. D., Ealo, J. L., Pazos-Ospina, J. F., & Volke-Sepúlveda, K. (2018). Generation of multiple vortex beam by means of active diffraction gratings. Applied Physics Letters, 112(8), 084101. doi:10.1063/1.5016864Jiang, X., Zhao, J., Liu, S., Liang, B., Zou, X., Yang, J., … Cheng, J. (2016). Broadband and stable acoustic vortex emitter with multi-arm coiling slits. Applied Physics Letters, 108(20), 203501. doi:10.1063/1.4949337Jiménez, N., Romero-García, V., Picó, R., Cebrecos, A., Sánchez-Morcillo, V. J., Garcia-Raffi, L. M., … Staliunas, K. (2014). Acoustic Bessel-like beam formation by an axisymmetric grating. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 106(2), 24005. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/106/24005Sanchis, L., Yánez, A., Galindo, P. L., Pizarro, J., & Pastor, J. M. (2010). Three-dimensional acoustic lenses with axial symmetry. Applied Physics Letters, 97(5), 054103. doi:10.1063/1.3474616Farnow, S. A., & Auld, B. A. (1974). Acoustic Fresnel zone plate transducers. Applied Physics Letters, 25(12), 681-682. doi:10.1063/1.1655359Molerón, M., Serra-Garcia, M., & Daraio, C. (2014). Acoustic Fresnel lenses with extraordinary transmission. Applied Physics Letters, 105(11), 114109. doi:10.1063/1.4896276Jiménez, N., Romero-García, V., Picó, R., Garcia-Raffi, L. M., & Staliunas, K. (2015). Nonlinear focusing of ultrasonic waves by an axisymmetric diffraction grating embedded in water. Applied Physics Letters, 107(20), 204103. doi:10.1063/1.4935917Cox, B. T., Kara, S., Arridge, S. R., & Beard, P. C. (2007). k-space propagation models for acoustically heterogeneous media: Application to biomedical photoacoustics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(6), 3453. doi:10.1121/1.271740

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ

Embryonic Organ Transplantation: The New Era of Xenotransplantation

Here, we review the recent advances towards the use of organs from embryonic donors, antecedent investigations, and the latest work from our own laboratory exploring the utility for transplantation of embryonic kidney as an organ replacement therapy. In addition, we have recently reported, for the first time, that it is possible to create a long-term biobank of kidney precursors as an unlimited source of organs for xenotransplantation, facilitating inventory control and the distribution of organs

Sistemas Avanzados de Asistencia al Conductor

El control inteligente de vehículos autónomos es uno de los retos actuales más importantes de los Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte. La aplicación de técnicas de inteligencia artificial para la gestión automática de los actuadores del vehículo permite a los diferentes sistemas avanzados de asistencia al conductor (ADAS) y a los sistemas de conducción autónoma, realizar una gestión de nivel bajo de una manera muy similar a la de los conductores humanos, mejorando la seguridad y el confort. En este artículo se presenta un esquema de control para gestionar estos actuadores de bajo nivel del vehículo (dirección, acelerador y freno). Este sistema automático de control de bajo nivel se ha definido, implementado y probado en un vehículo Citroën C3 Pluriel, cuyos actuadores han sido automatizados y pueden recibir señales de control desde un ordenador de a bordo

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of oral cavity

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) often show up in an extranodal pattern, especially in the head and neck. Intraoral locations are much less frequent, particularly when they are single. This, in turn, can lead to a prolonged diagnosis and even to inadequate treatment. Different patients with initial extranodal location of NHL which were not previously diagnosed and in which it was manifested only intraoraly are presented in this paper. These cases are presented together with the additional examinations used for the early diagnosis and with the corresponding clinical pictures, as well as with the overview of other cases from the available literature

Dynamic beamforming for large area scan in array-based photoacoustic microscopy

[EN] We explore the use of a beamforming method intended for large-area scanning in optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. It has been evaluated in a experimental setup that comprises a low-cost laser diode and a phase array with a 128-elements linear probe. Three different beamforming strategies are discussed: no-beamforming, static beamforming and dynamic beamforming. The method has been tested in gelatine-based phantoms as well as ex-vivo organs. Results show that, compared with the other two, dynamic beamforming increases up to 15dB and homogenizes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) along images of roughly 1 cm2. The method and system presented here could be the baseline for more advanced array-based systems that leverage the low-cost laser sources for clinical applications.This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant Juan de la Cierva - Incorporacion (IJC2018-037897-I), and program Proyectos I+D+i 2019 (PID2019-111436RB-C22). Action co-financed by the European Union through the Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020 (IDIFEDER/2018/022). A.C. received financial support from Generalitat Valenciana and Universitat Politecnica de Val ` encia through the grants APOSTD/2018/229 and program PAID-10-19, respectively.Cebrecos, A.; García-Garrigós, JJ.; Descals, A.; Jimenez, N.; Benlloch Baviera, JM.; Camarena Femenia, F. (2020). Dynamic beamforming for large area scan in array-based photoacoustic microscopy. IEEE. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS46767.2020.9251519S1

Knowledge and Practice of Health Professionals in the Management of Dysphagia

Background: Dysphagia is associated with poor outcome in stroke patients. Studies investigating the association of dysphagia and early dysphagia screening (EDS) with outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are rare. The aims of our study are to investigate the association of dysphagia and EDS within 24 h with stroke-related pneumonia and outcomes. Methods: Over a 4.5-year period (starting November 2007), all consecutive AIS patients from 15 hospitals in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were prospectively evaluated. The primary outcomes were stroke-related pneumonia during hospitalization, mortality, and disability measured on the modified Rankin Scale >= 2-5, in which 2 indicates an independence/slight disability to 5 severe disability. Results: Of 12,276 patients (mean age 73 +/- 13; 49% women), 9,164 patients (74%) underwent dysphagia screening; of these patients, 55, 39, 4.7, and 1.5% of patients had been screened for dysphagia within 3, 3 to 72 h following admission. Patients who underwent dysphagia screening were likely to be older, more affected on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and to have higher rates of neurological symptoms and risk factors than patients who were not screened. A total of 3,083 patients (25.1%; 95% CI 24.4-25.8) had dysphagia. The frequency of dysphagia was higher in patients who had undergone dysphagia screening than in those who had not (30 vs. 11.1%; p < 0.001). During hospitalization (mean 9 days), 1,271 patients (10.2%; 95% CI 9.7-10.8) suffered from stroke-related pneumonia. Patients with dysphagia had a higher rate of pneumonia than those without dysphagia (29.7 vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that dysphagia was associated with increased risk of stroke-related pneumonia (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.8-4.2; p < 0.001), case fatality during hospitalization (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.1-3.7; p < 0.001) and disability at discharge (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6-2.3; p < 0.001). EDS within 24 h of admission appeared to be associated with decreased risk of stroke-related pneumonia (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89; p = 0.006) and disability at discharge (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.46-0.77; p < 0.001). Furthermore, dysphagia was independently correlated with an increase in mortality (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4-4.2; p < 0.001) and disability (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8-3.0; p < 0.001) at 3 months after stroke. The rate of 3-month disability was lower in patients who had received EDS (52 vs. 40.7%; p = 0.003), albeit an association in the logistic regression was not found (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.51-1.2; p = 0.2). Conclusions: Dysphagia exposes stroke patients to a higher risk of pneumonia, disability, and death, whereas an EDS seems to be associated with reduced risk of stroke-related pneumonia and disability. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Base

Impact of lens material on objective refraction in eyes with trifocal diffractive intraocular lenses

Purpose: Compare subjective (Rx) and objective (ObjRx) refractions outcomes with two autorefractors models and an aberrometer in eyes implanted with a hydrophobic trifocal IOL (FineVision POD F GF, Physiol, Liége, Belgium) and a hydrophilic one (FineVision POD F, Physiol, Liége, Belgium). Methods: Prospective comparative cohort study, with 100 subjects randomly assigned to either the POD F group (n = 50) or the POD F-GF group (n = 50). Postoperative eye examinations at 1-month visit included seven result sets, one for each assessment method: Rx, AR (automated refraction measured with the autorefractor KR8800), WF-P (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, photopic pupil size), WF-M (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, mesopic pupil size), WF-4 (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, 4 mm pupil), OPD-C (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD in the central pupil/photopic conditions), and OPD-M (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD under mesopic conditions). Results: Mean differences between ObjRx and Rx reached statistical significance for sphere and spherical equivalent (M) only with OPD-C in the POD F-GF group. All ObjRx methods showed significant differences with Rx in the POD F group, with some values differing by more than 0.50 D (-0.58 D in M for the WF-P). Bland Altman plots showed better agreement for the astigmatic components, and for sphere and spherical equivalents in both IOL groups measured with AR and OPD-M. Conclusions: None of the objective methods of refraction evaluated in this study were as reliable as the subjective refraction, irrespective of the lens material, but POD F-GF ObjRx seems to differ less with Rx than POD F ObjRx values.Award-winningPostprint (author's final draft