Algunos hongos hipogeos de Castilla-León (España): Youngiomyces multiplex y Genea thaxterii, primeras citas para Europa

Some hypogeous fungi frorn Castilla-León (Spain): Youngiomyces múltiplex and Genea thaxterii, first records in Europe. Eighteen species of hypogeous fungi collected by the autors in the community of Castilla-León have been studied. They stand out by their interest: Youngiomyces múltiplex (Thaxt.) Y.J. Yao, Elaphomyces maculatus Vitt., Genea sphaerica Tul. et C. Tul., G. Thaxterii Gilkey, Pachyphloeus cilrinus Berk. et Br., Gaulieria graveolens Vitt., Hymenogasler griseus Vitt., H. niveus Vitt., H. thwailesii Berk. et Br.,H. vulgaris Tul. apud Berk. et Br. and Rhizopogon corsicus Demoulin et Moyersoen. Amoung them, Youngiomyces Mulliplex and Genea thaxlerii are the first records in Europe.Se estudian 18 especies de hongos hipogeos recolectados por los autores en la Comunidad de Castilla-León. Destacan por su interés: Youngiomyces múltiplex (Thaxt.) Y.J. Yao, Elaphomyces maculatus Vitt., Genea sphaerica Tul. et C. Tul., G. Thaxterii Gilkey, Pachyphloeus cilrinus Berk. et Br., Gaulieria graveolens Vitt., Hymenogasler griseus Vitt., H. niveus Vitt., H. thwailesii Berk. et Br.,H. vulgaris Tul. apud Berk. et Br. and Rhizopogon corsicus Demoulin et Moyersoen. De entre ellos, Youngiomyces Mulliplex y Genea thaxlerii son primeras citas para Europa

Neuregulin 3 Mediates Cortical Plate Invasion and Laminar Allocation of GABAergic Interneurons

Neural circuits in the cerebral cortex consist of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. These two main classes of cortical neurons follow largely different genetic programs, yet they assemble into highly specialized circuits during development following a very precise choreography. Previous studies have shown that signals produced by pyramidal cells influence the migration of cortical interneurons, but the molecular nature of these factors has remained elusive. Here, we identified Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) as a chemoattractive factor expressed by developing pyramidal cells that guides the allocation of cortical interneurons in the developing cortical plate. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches reveal that Nrg3 modulates the migration of interneurons into the cortical plate in a process that is dependent on the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4. Perturbation of Nrg3 signaling in conditional mutants leads to abnormal lamination of cortical interneurons. Nrg3 is therefore a critical mediator in the assembly of cortical inhibitory circuits

Algunos hongos hipogeos de Castilla-León (España): Youngiomyces multiplex y Genea thaxterii, primeras citas para Europa

Se estudian 18 especies de hongos hipogeos recolectados por los autores en la Comunidad de Castilla-León. Destacan por su interés: Youngiomyces múltiplex (Thaxt.) Y.J. Yao, Elaphomyces maculatus Vitt., Genea sphaerica Tul. et C. Tul., G. Thaxterii Gilkey, Pachyphloeus cilrinus Berk. et Br., Gaulieria graveolens Vitt., Hymenogasler griseus Vitt., H. niveus Vitt., H. thwailesii Berk. et Br.,H. vulgaris Tul. apud Berk. et Br. and Rhizopogon corsicus Demoulin et Moyersoen. De entre ellos, Youngiomyces Mulliplex y Genea thaxlerii son primeras citas para Europa.Some hypogeous fungi frorn Castilla-León (Spain): Youngiomyces múltiplex and Genea thaxterii, first records in Europe. Eighteen species of hypogeous fungi collected by the autors in the community of Castilla-León have been studied. They stand out by their interest: Youngiomyces múltiplex (Thaxt.) Y.J. Yao, Elaphomyces maculatus Vitt., Genea sphaerica Tul. et C. Tul., G. Thaxterii Gilkey, Pachyphloeus cilrinus Berk. et Br., Gaulieria graveolens Vitt., Hymenogasler griseus Vitt., H. niveus Vitt., H. thwailesii Berk. et Br.,H. vulgaris Tul. apud Berk. et Br. and Rhizopogon corsicus Demoulin et Moyersoen. Amoung them, Youngiomyces Mulliplex and Genea thaxlerii are the first records in Europe

1,2-Diaryl(3-pyridyl)ethanone Oximes. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Revealed by X-ray Diffraction

The synthesis of a set of 1-aryl-2-aryl(3-pyridyl)ethanones 1-5 and thecorresponding ketoximes 6-9 is reported. Structural studies of oximes 6, 7 and 9 wereperformed in solution using 1H-NMR and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography,providing evidence of H-bonding networks. The crystal packing was controlled byhomomeric intermolecular oxime···oxime H-bond interactions for 6 and cooperativeoxime···N(pyridyl) and CH/π interactions for 7 and 9. Keywords: Oximes; ethanones; hydrogen bonds; self-assembly; X-ray diffraction crystalograph

X-ray microtomographic characterization of highly rough titanium cold gas sprayed coating for identification of effective surfaces for osseointegration

A highly rough titanium coating obtained by Cold Gas Spray (CGS) has been characterized by means of high-resolution 3D microtomography (micro-CT) with the aim to evaluate its open and close porosity for possible use in orthopaedic implants to promote osseointegration. Micro-CT allowed a qualitative and quantitative description of the main features, morphology of the pores and surface roughness of the coating. Several numerical values were obtained to describe size, form and distribution of the closed/inner and open/outer pores. Additionally, surface roughness and open porosity were image-analyzed to find the effective surface for osseointegration

Overview of Checkpoint Inhibitors Mechanism of Action: Role of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Their Treatment on Progression of Underlying Cancer

Corticosteroids; Efficacy; Immune checkpoint inhibitorsCorticosteroides; Eficacia; Inhibidores del punto de control inmunitarioCorticoides; Eficàcia; Inhibidors del punt de control immunitariIn recent years, immunotherapy-based regimens have been included into the treatment's algorithm of several cancer types. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) interact with their ligands found on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) or tumor cells (PD-L1/2 and CD80/86). Through these interactions, stimulatory or inhibitory signals are established. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), block these interactions, and when administered not only as monotherapy but also as part of combination regimens, have shown to improve survival results in multiple advanced cancers leading to an increasing number of patients treated with ICI and, as a consequence, a rise in the number of patients developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Presence of irAEs has been associated with greater benefit from treatment, especially when blocking PD-L1. Recent data suggests that treatment benefit persists after discontinuation of ICIs due to a treatment related adverse event, regardless of the grade. Patients experiencing grade 3-4 irAEs are at risk of toxicity recurrence after reintroducing immunotherapy and therefore, the decision to resume the treatment is challenging. In these cases, a multidisciplinary approach is always needed and several factors should be considered. Management of severe toxicities may require systemic corticosteroids which can impact on T-cell function. Due to their immunosuppressive properties, it is necessary to deeper determine how corticosteroids influence responses. In terms of overall survival (OS), the use of steroids as therapy for irAEs seems not to reduce OS and several studies have reported durable responses in patients experiencing autoimmune toxicities treated with corticosteroids

Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration: A germinal center derived lymphoma genetically unrelated to Burkitt lymphoma

Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration is characterized by pathological features and gene expression profile resembling Burkitt lymphoma but lack MYC rearrangement and carries an 11q-arm aberration with proximal gains and telomeric losses. Whether these lymphomas are a distinct category or a particular variant of other recognized entities is controversial. To improve the understanding of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration we have performed an analysis of copy number alterations and targeted sequencing of a large panel of B-cell lymphoma related genes in 11 cases. Most patients had localized nodal disease and a favourable outcome after therapy. Histologically, they were high grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (8 cases), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2 cases) and only one was considered as atypical Burkitt lymphoma. All cases had a germinal center B-cell signature and phenotype with frequent LMO2 expression. Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration had frequent gains of 12q12-q21.1 and losses of 6q12.1-q21, and lacked common Burkitt lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma alterations. Potential driver mutations were found in 27 genes, particularly involving BTG2, DDX3X, ETS1, EP300, and GNA13. However, ID3, TCF3, or CCND3 mutations were absent in all cases. These results suggest that Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration is a germinal center derived lymphoma closer to high grade B-cell lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma rather than Burkitt lymphoma.Copyright © 2019, Ferrata Storti Foundation

Genomic landscape of follicular lymphoma across a wide spectrum of clinical behaviors

While some follicular lymphoma (FL) patients do not require treatment or experience prolonged responses, others relapse early, and little is known about genetic alterations specific to patients with a particular clinical behavior. We selected 56 grade 1–3A FL patients according to their need of treatment or timing of relapse: never treated (n = 7), non-relapsed (19), late relapse (14), early relapse or POD24 (11), and primary refractory (5). We analyzed 56 diagnostic and 12 paired relapse lymphoid tissue biopsies and performed copy number alteration (CNA) analysis and next generation sequencing (NGS). We identified six focal driver losses (1p36.32, 6p21.32, 6q14.1, 6q23.3, 9p21.3, 10q23.33) and 1p36.33 copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). By integrating CNA and NGS results, the most frequently altered genes/regions were KMT2D (79%), CREBBP (67%), TNFRSF14 (46%) and BCL2 (40%). Although we found that mutations in PIM1, FOXO1 and TMEM30A were associated with an adverse clinical behavior, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, due to the small sample size. We identified common precursor cells harboring early oncogenic alterations of the KMT2D, CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and EP300 genes and 16p13.3-p13.2 CN-LOH. Finally, we established the functional consequences of mutations by means of protein modeling (CD79B, PLCG2, PIM1, MCL1 and IRF8). These data expand the knowledge on the genomics behind the heterogeneous FL population and, upon replication in larger cohorts, could contribute to risk stratification and the development of targeted therapies.This study was supported by Marató TV3-Cancer (201904-30 to SB), Fundación Asociación Española Contra el Cancer AECC/CIBERONC: PROYE18020BEA (to SB), Generalitat de Catalunya Suport Grups de Recerca AGAUR (2021-SGR-01293 to S.B.), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, “Cofinanciado por la Unión Europea” and Fondos FEDER: European Regional Development Fund “Una manera de hacer Europa”: PI17/01061 (SB), PI19/00887 (ALG and EG), INT20/00050 to AL-G). CL is supported by postdoctoral Beatriu de Pinós grant from Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and by Marie Sklodowska-Curie COFUND program from H2020 (2018-BP-00055). EC is an Academia Researcher of the “Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats” of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work was mainly developed at the Centre Esther Koplowitz (CEK), Barcelona, Spain.Peer reviewe

Temperature and stable isotope variationsin different water masses from the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) between 250 150 ka

Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotope measurements have been performed on tests from the planktonic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber (white), Globigerina bulloides, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (right coiling) in samples from Ocean Drilling Program site 977A in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). The evolution of different water masses between 250 and 150 ka is described. Warm substages were characterized by strong seasonality and thermal stratification of the water column. By contrast, less pronounced seasonality and basin stratification seem to prevail during cold substages. Several periods of stratification due to the low salinity of the upper water mass occurred during the formation of organic-rich layers and also during a possible Heinrich-like event at 220 ka. The three foraminifer species studied show a common and large shell Sr/Ca variability in short timescales, suggesting changes in the global ocean Sr/Ca ratio as one of the main causes of variations in shell composition