159 research outputs found

    Comparativa entre los penados extranjeros y nacionales en el centro de inserción social "Trece Rosas"

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    En el contexto de centros penitenciarios, en torno a los años 50 se empieza a hablar de la inmigración de persona procedentes de otros países a España. Es el aumento de los flujos migratorios la variable que afecta al incremento de presos extranjeros. Por esta razón, las instituciones penitenciarias aumentan el número de internos y con esto, una serie de normas aplicables para las diferentes culturas, promoviendo en todo momento la aplicación igualitaria y no discriminatoria de la ley. Con este trabajo, se pretende analizar si el establecimiento de la ley en el contexto de los centros penitenciarios supone alguna dificultad para los inmigrantes en el acceso a los beneficios. O si por el contrario, se les garantiza facilidades durante el cumplimiento de su condena. Para ello se recurre al CIS, con el objetivo de recabar información sobre la población penada inmigrante y la autóctona. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo de investigación, con el que se pretende determinar el marco institucional de la cárcel en el tratamiento y reinserción social de los penados

    Eficiencia y Política Industrial: el caso del mercado español de calzado.

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    El presente trabajo comienza analizando el contexto mundial del mercado del calzado, centrándose especialmente en la industria del calzado español, presentando sus principales datos económicos, la estructura del sector, así como sus patrones de localización geográfica. A continuación, hemos utilizado un modelo Translog de frontera estocástica para evaluar la eficiencia del sector del calzado en España con información extraída de la base de datos SABI. Esto nos ha permitido trazar un mapa geográfico de la eficiencia e identificar qué empresas del sector tienen los mayores y menores niveles de eficiencia. Además, hemos estudiado, a través de un modelo econométrico, en qué medida las variables “tamaño de la empresa” y “esfuerzo inversor en I+D” pueden afectar a la eficiencia del sector. Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido (i) sugerir algunos patrones de cambio que puede seguir el sector del calzado aragonés para mejorar su eficiencia y (ii) cuantificar las ganancias en eficiencia que podría generar la creación de un cluster aragonés en el sector del calzado

    Intersiembra maíz - soja : variación espacial y temporal de propiedades del suelo

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    p.43-52La dinámica de los nutrientes y otras propiedades del suelo pueden ser alteradas fuertemente por prácticas agrícolas como la intersiembra. Se propusieron los siguientes objetivos: I) comparar sistemas de intersiembra soja-maíz con respecto a los monocultivos en cuanto a la cantidad de carbono del suelo, II) evaluar la disponibilidad de los principales nutrientes en estos sistemas. Se realizó un ensayo en un suelo Hapludol típico de la Pampa Arenosa con los siguientes tratamientos: I) soja pura, II) maíz puro y III) soja y maíz intersembrados en una relación 2:1, todos manejados en secano. Se realizaron muestreos de suelo en dos momentos: el primero (F1) se realizó con el maíz en V5 y la soja recién emergida; el segundo (F2) con el cultivo de maíz en R1 y el cultivo de soja en bajo los tratamientos que incluían al cultivo de maíz. El nivel de P extractable fue menor en el cultivo de soja avanzado (F2) que en el monocultivo de maíz, lo que fue notable a 5 cm del surco, debido probablemente a una fuerte absorción por parte de la leguminosa. En la primera fecha de medición, a 5 cm del surco correspondiente, que incluían al maíz, mientras que en la segunda fecha de medición, la disponibilidad de nitratos fue mínima en dicho tratamiento, lo que parece deberse a diferencias en el desarrollo de los cultivos. Por último, la práctica de intersiembra dentro del marco de este ensayo no probó ser una alternativa viable para limitar la existencia de elevados niveles de nitratos

    Wnt9a deficiency discloses a repressive role of Tcf7l2 on endocrine differentiation in the embryonic pancreas

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    Transcriptional and signaling networks establish complex cross-regulatory interactions that drive cellular differentiation during development. Using microarrays we identified the gene encoding the ligand Wnt9a as a candidate target of Neurogenin3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Here we show that Wnt9a is expressed in the embryonic pancreas and that its deficiency enhances activation of the endocrine transcriptional program and increases the number of endocrine cells at birth. We identify the gene encoding the endocrine transcription factor Nkx2-2 as one of the most upregulated genes in Wnt9a-ablated pancreases and associate its activation to reduced expression of the Wnt effector Tcf7l2. Accordingly, in vitro studies confirm that Tcf7l2 represses activation of Nkx2-2 by Neurogenin3 and inhibits Nkx2-2 expression in differentiated β-cells. Further, we report that Tcf7l2 protein levels decline upon initiation of endocrine differentiation in vivo, disclosing the downregulation of this factor in the developing endocrine compartment. These findings highlight the notion that modulation of signalling cues by lineage-promoting factors is pivotal for controlling differentiation programs

    Sera from Patients with NMOSD Reduce the Differentiation Capacity of Precursor Cells in the Central Nervous System

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    Introduction: AQP4 (aquaporin-4)–immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system, particularly the spinal cord and optic nerve; remyelination capacity in neuromyelitis optica is yet to be determined, as is the role of AQP4–IgG in cell differentiation. Material and Methods: We included three groups—a group of patients with AQP4–IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica, a healthy group, and a sham group. We analyzed differentiation capacity in cultures of neurospheres from the subventricular zone of mice by adding serum at two different times: early and advanced stages of differentiation. We also analyzed differentiation into different cell lines. Results and Conclusions: The effect of sera from patients with NMOSD on precursor cells differs according to the degree of differentiation, and probably affects oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from NG2 cells to a lesser extent than cells from the subventricular zone; however, the resulting oligodendrocytes may be compromised in terms of maturation and possibly limited in their ability to generate myelin. Furthermore, these cells decrease in number with age. It is very unlikely that the use of drugs favoring the migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in multiple sclerosis would be effective in the context of neuromyelitis optica, but cell therapy with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells seems to be a potential alternative

    Maritime-oriented foragers during the Late Pleistocene on the eastern costa del sol (Southeast Iberia): Cueva Victoria (Málaga, Spain)

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    The Mediterranean coast of Spain is marked by several clusters of Palaeolithic sites: to the south of the Pyrenees, in the area around the Ebro River, in the central part, and on the south coast, one of the southernmost regions in Europe. The number of sites is small compared with northern Iberia, but like that region, the Palaeolithic occupations are accompanied by several rock art ensembles. The archaeological material (both biotic and abiotic resources) and radiocarbon dates presented here were obtained during archaeological fieldwork of professor J. Fortea in the Late Pleistocene deposits in Cueva Victoria, located near the modern coastline and about 150 km north of the Strait of Gibraltar. In the three occupation phases, marine resources were acquired by shell-fishing (focusing almost exclusively on the clam Ruditapes decussatus), fishing, and the use of beached marine mammals. This contrasts with the limited data about the exploitation of terrestrial resources by hunting and gathering animals and plants. The study is completed by the study of artefacts (lithic and bone industry and objects of adornment) that help to understand the subsistence strategies of the cave occupants and enable a comparison with other groups inhabiting the Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula during Greenland Interstadial 1, between ca. 15.1 and 13.6 cal BP.This work was supported by the University of Salamanca GIR PREHUSAL, the Ministry of Science and Innovation-Spanish Government (PaleontheMove-PID2020-114462GB-I00), the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Madrid) and Dirección General de Universitat, Investigacio i Ciencia of the Valencian Regional Government (Project Aico/2020/97).Peer reviewe

    Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

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    Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm
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