Descripción de los parámetros fonético-acústico y autopercepción vocal de telefonistas en la región Metropolitana de Chile

Tesis (Fonoaudiología)Los callcenters son un espacio laboral que se ha desarrollado ampliamente en el presente siglo y con ello el rubro de los telefonistas se encuentra en aumento. Sin embargo, la rapidez con que éstos se han instaurado dentro de nuestra sociedad, no ha permitido una valoración adecuada de las posibles consecuencias que tiene el uso de la voz durante las horas que comprende una jornada laboral. El presente estudio, consistió en describir y establecer una relación de los parámetros fonético-acústicos (frecuencia fundamental, Jitter, Shimmer y relación ruido/armónico) y autopercepción vocal en telefonistas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, utilizando los instrumentos Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) e Índice de Incapacidad Vocal (VHI). La muestra de este estudio estuvo compuesta por 56 sujetos, de los cuales 14 eran hombres y las 42 restantes, mujeres, que se desempeñan al año 2013 como telefonistas dentro de uno de los cuatro callcenters seleccionados y que pertenecen a la Región Metropolitana de Chile. En cuanto a los resultados del MDVP, se pudo evidenciar que la utilización de esta herramienta fue eficiente en la entrega de los resultados. Respecto de las diferencias encontradas entre el MDVP y VHI como instrumentos de evaluación simultáneos, se demuestran que todavía ningún parámetro objetivo puede considerarse como factor pronóstico definitivo en la evaluación de los pacientes y que las sensaciones acerca de su problema vocal no pueden valorarse mediante medidas objetivas.Se evidencia la alteración vocal objetiva presente en el 41 % de la muestra y se observa una tendencia a presentar primordialmente solo un parámetro alterado, siendo principalmente Jitter o FO, lo que se registra en un 30% aproximadamente. Respecto a la autopercepción vocal, se obtuvo que el 89% de ellos distinguen una alteración leve en su voz y tan solo un 10% alude a un daño moderado. No se evidenció correlación significativa entre los parámetros fonéticoacústicos y la autopercepción vocal de los telefonistas de la Región Metropolitana.The callcenters are a working place with a significant development during the present century and with it, the function of the telephone operators is growing. However, the fast introduction of them into our society, hasn't allow a proper appreciation of the impact that have the use of the voice during the hours of a working day. The present study consist in the description and stablish a relationship between the phonetic-acoustic parameters (fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer and the relationship noise/harmonic) and the vocal self-perception on telephone operators of Chile's RegiónMetropolitana, using the Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and the Vocal Handicap lndex (VHI) instruments. The sampling of this study was composed by 56 subjects, of which 14 were men and the 42 remaining were women, who work at the year 2013 as telephone operators inside tour selected callcenters of Chile's RegiónMetropolitana. As soon as the results of the MDVP, it was evidenced that the utilization of this tool was efficient at the results development. Respect the differences found between the MDVP and the VHI as evaluation instruments, evidence that no objective parameter can be considerad as an optimal prognostic factor on the patient evaluations and their feelings about own vocal problems can't be assessed by objective measures. Is Evidenced the objective vocal disturbance present in the 41 % of the sample and is observad a tendency to present primarily only one altered parameter, being mainly Jitter or FO, which is registered by a 30%, approximately. Respect the vocal self perception, was obtained that the 89% of them distinguishes a slight alteration on their voice and only the 10% a moderated harm. lt not was evidenced a significativa correlation between the phonetic-acoustic parameters and the vocal self-perception of telephone operators of the RegiónMetropolitana

Protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with a higher level of monocyte activation, bacterial translocation and inflammation

Introduction Monotherapy with protease-inhibitors (MPI) may be an alternative to cART for HIV treatment. We assessed the impact of this strategy on immune activation, bacterial translocation and inflammation. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study comparing patients on successful MPI (n=40) with patients on cART (n=20). Activation, senescence, exhaustion and differentiation stage in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets, markers of monocyte activation, microbial translocation, inflammation, coagulation and low-level viremia were assessed. Results CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte subset parameters were not significantly different between both groups. Conversely, as compared with triple cART, MPI patients showed a higher proportion of activated monocytes (CD14+ CD16−CD163+ cells, p=0.031), soluble markers of monocyte activation (sCD14 p=0.004, sCD163 p=0.002), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein; LBP p=0.07), inflammation (IL-6 p=0.04) and low-level viremia (p=0.035). In a multivariate model, a higher level of CD14+ CD16−CD163+ cells and sCD14, and presence of very low-level viremia were independently associated with MPI. Monocyte activation was independently associated with markers of inflammation (IL-6, p=0.006), microbial translocation (LBP, p=0.01) and low-level viremia (p=0.01). Conclusions Patients on MPI showed a higher level of monocyte activation than patients on standard therapy. Microbial translocation and low-level viremia were associated with the high level of monocyte activation observed in patients on MPI. The long-term clinical consequences of these findings should be assessed

Validez discriminante del cuestionario de autopercepción auditiva en personas con diabetes

80 p.Actualmente no existen en Chile cuestionarios validados de autopercepción auditiva para valorar el impacto de la pérdida de audición en la población. El objetivo del estudio busca determinar la validez discriminante del “Cuestionario de Autopercepción Auditiva” (CAPA), creado el año 2013 (Ávalos, González, Romero y Salazar, 2013), pero en una población clínica con Diabetes Mellitus. Para esto, se realizó un estudio correlacional comparativo entre dos grupos: un grupo con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus y un grupo de referencia que no presenta la patología. La muestra, para cada grupo, midió a 28 personas con una edad promedio de 38,82 años, a quienes se les realizó una evaluación audiológica que incluía otoscopia, timpanometría, audiometría tonal liminar y se les solicitó la completación del cuestionario CAPA. Los resultados arrojan una correlación positiva y significativa entre el CAPA y los promedios tonales puros y promedios tonales puros de frecuencias agudas (r=0,529; p=0,004; r=0,443; p=0,018), concluyendo que no hay evidencia respecto a la discriminación entre la población diabética y no diabética. Sin embargo, sí se evidenció validez discriminante de la condición pérdida auditiva.PALABRAS CLAVES: autopercepción auditiva, diabetes mellitus, promedio tonal puro frecuencias medias, promedio tonal puro frecuencias agudas./ABSTRACT:urrently, there are no valid, self-perception hearing questionnaires in Chile to assess the impact of hearing loss in the general population. This study aims to determine the “Self-perception Hearing Questionnaire” (CAPA)’s validity in a clinical population with Diabetes Mellitus created in 2003 (Ávalos, González, Romero y Salazar, 2013). To accomplish this, a correlation comparative study was done between two groups: a control group with Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis and a referential group that does not have the disease. The sample for each group included 28 people with an average age of 38,82 years. A hearing assessment was performed that included an otoscopy-examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, and the completed the CAPA questionnaire was required. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between CAPA and pure tone average and high frequency pure tone average (r = 0.529; p = 0.004; r = 0.443; p = 0.018), concluding that there was no evidence regarding discrimination between diabetic and non-diabetic populations. However, it showed evidence of discriminant validity of hearing loss.Key words: Self-perception of hearing, diabetes mellitus, middle frequencies pure tone average, high frequency pure tone average

Nucleotide depletion reveals the impaired ribosomebiogenesis checkpoint as a barrier against DNA damage

Many oncogenes enhance nucleotide usage to increase ribosome content, DNA replication, and cell proliferation, but in parallel trigger p53 activation. Both the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint (IRBC) and the DNA damage response (DDR) have been implicated in p53 activation following nucleotide depletion. However, it is difficult to reconcile the two checkpoints operating together, as the IRBC induces p21‐mediated G1 arrest, whereas the DDR requires that cells enter S phase. Gradual inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme required for de novo GMP synthesis, reveals a hierarchical organization of these two checkpoints. We find that the IRBC is the primary nucleotide sensor, but increased IMPDH inhibition leads to p21 degradation, compromising IRBC‐mediated G1 arrest and allowing S phase entry and DDR activation. Disruption of the IRBC alone is sufficient to elicit the DDR, which is strongly enhanced by IMPDH inhibition, suggesting that the IRBC acts as a barrier against genomic instability

Soil: the great connector of our lives now and beyond COVID-19

Humanity depends on the existence of healthy soils, both for the production of food and for ensuring a healthy, biodiverse environment, among other functions. COVID-19 is threatening food availability in many places of the world due to the disruption of food chains, lack of workforce, closed borders and national lockdowns. As a consequence, more emphasis is being placed on local food production, which may lead to more intensive cultivation of vulnerable areas and to soil degradation. In order to increase the resilience of populations facing this pandemic and future global crises, transitioning to a paradigm that relies more heavily on local food production on soils that are carefully tended and protected through sustainable management is necessary. To reach this goal, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends five active strategies: improved access to land, sound land use planning, sustainable soil management, enhanced research, and investments in education and extension

Una comunidad de saber con-sentido pedagógico. Experiencia de la Red de Instituciones por la Evaluación: avances, proyecciones, desafíos y recomendaciones

Esta publicación tiene como propósito compartir los avances logrados por la RIE durante sus dos años de funcionamiento. Constituye un material para la reflexión sobre lo que hacen los maestros y maestras de la ciudad para enriquecer la evaluación de los aprendizajes y favorecer el desarrollo social, afectivo, emocional y cognitivo de los estudiantes. En este sentido, se trata de un documento de referencia que se complementa y amplía con elementos académicos, técnicos y didácticos, como la Caja de Herramientas “Ideas compartidas: lo que hacemos cuando evaluamos con-sentido pedagógico”, dispuesto en el Portal Educativo Red Académica de la Secretaría de Educación del Distrito

Reconstructing Native American population history

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call First American. However, speakers of Eskimog-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Fil: Reich, David. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Patterson, Nick. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Campbell, Desmond. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. The University Of Hong Kong; Hong KongFil: Tandon, Arti. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Mazieres, Stéphane. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Ray, Nicolas. Universidad de Ginebra; SuizaFil: Parra, Maria V.. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rojas, Winston. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Duque, Constanza. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Mesa, Natalia. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: García, Luis F.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Triana, Omar. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Blair, Silvia. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Maestre, Amanda. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Dib, Juan C.. Fundación Salud Para El Tró Pico; ColombiaFil: Bravi, Claudio Marcelo. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Bailliet, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Corach, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Bortolini, Maria Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Petzl Erler, María Luiza. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. National Institute Of Anthropology And History; MéxicoFil: Aguilar Salinas, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Tusié Luna, Teresa. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Riba, Laura. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Cruz, Maricela. Umae Hospital de Pediatría Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Lopez Alarcón, Mardia. Umae Hospital de Pediatría Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Coral Vazquez, Ramón. Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Méxic

The Thyroid Hormone Receptors Modulate the Skin Response to Retinoids

[Background]: Retinoids play an important role in skin homeostasis and when administered topically cause skin hyperplasia, abnormal epidermal differentiation and inflammation. Thyroidal status in humans also influences skin morphology and function and we have recently shown that the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are required for a normal proliferative response to 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mice. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: We have compared the epidermal response of mice lacking the thyroid hormone receptor binding isoforms TRα1 and TRβ to retinoids and TPA. Reduced hyperplasia and a decreased number of proliferating cells in the basal layer in response to 9-cis-RA and TPA were found in the epidermis of TR-deficient mice. Nuclear levels of proteins important for cell proliferation were altered, and expression of keratins 5 and 6 was also reduced, concomitantly with the decreased number of epidermal cell layers. In control mice the retinoid (but not TPA) induced parakeratosis and diminished expression of keratin 10 and loricrin, markers of early and terminal epidermal differentiation, respectively. This reduction was more accentuated in the TR deficient animals, whereas they did not present parakeratosis. Therefore, TRs modulate both the proliferative response to retinoids and their inhibitory effects on skin differentiation. Reduced proliferation, which was reversed upon thyroxine treatment, was also found in hypothyroid mice, demonstrating that thyroid hormone binding to TRs is required for the normal response to retinoids. In addition, the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 and the chemotactic proteins S1008A and S1008B were significantly elevated in the skin of TR knock-out mice after TPA or 9-cis-RA treatment and immune cell infiltration was also enhanced. [Conclusions/significance]: Since retinoids are commonly used for the treatment of skin disorders, these results demonstrating that TRs regulate skin proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in response to these compounds could have not only physiological but also therapeutic implications.This work was supported by grants BFU2007-62402 and SAF2008-00121 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, RD06/0020/0036 and RD06/0020/0029 from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias and by the European Grant CRESCENDO (FP-018652).Peer reviewe

Reconstructing Native American Population History

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved1–5. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred via a single6–8 or multiple streams of migration from Siberia9–15. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call “First American”. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan-speakers on both sides of the Panama Isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America