Strategies, resources and interactions in class: contributions for postgraduate training in administration and related fields

El artículo presenta una reflexión sobre las estrategias pedagógicas, recursos para la enseñanza e interacciones en clase desde la perspectiva de la formación, con la inquietud de animar y enaltecer prácticas pedagógicas transformadoras, inspiradas en el diálogo reflexivo, el trabajo colaborativo y el aprendizaje significativo en posgrados y, particularmente, para el caso de la administración y afines. Teóricamente se parte de dos nociones principales. La primera refiere a la formación, comprendida como un proceso permanente y dinámico de creación, y que tiene como propósito fundamental el dar forma de manera continua y consciente a la potencialidad de la persona en entornos complejos y cambiantes. La segunda alude a la práctica pedagógica, entendida como la experiencia deliberada y reflexiva de profesores y estudiantes alrededor del acto formativo, esto es, da cuenta de los modos en que los actores educativos producen, experimentan, reflexionan y apropian particulares estrategias pedagógicas, recursos e interacciones en clase. El abordaje metodológico utilizado es cualitativo y privilegia las técnicas de consulta y análisis documental, fundamentalmente. Con estos dispositivos se busca orientar presentes y futuras apuestas pedagógicas para programas posgraduales en administración y campos afines. Como principales hallazgos se identifican aperturas pedagógicas y didácticas para el trabajo formativo; pautas de reflexión sobre la actividad docente y observaciones acompañadas de un ejercicio de retroalimentación que invita a los directivos a pensar la enseñanza de la administración y afines con una trascendencia cognitiva, social y ética, además de incorporar y fortalecer la formación docente como ámbito generador de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.The article presents a reflection on pedagogical strategies, resources for teaching and interactions in class from the perspective of training, with the aim of encouraging and exalting transformative pedagogical practices, inspired by reflective dialogue, collaborative work and meaningful learning in postgraduate studies and, particularly, in the case of administration and related subjects. Theoretically, it starts from two main notions. The first refers to training, understood as a permanent and dynamic process of creation, and whose main purpose is to continuously and consciously shape the potential of the person in complex and changing environments. The second refers to the pedagogical practice, understood as the deliberate and reflexive experience of teachers and students around the training act, that is, it gives an account of the ways in which educational actors produce, experience, reflect and appropriate particular pedagogical strategies, resources and class interactions. The methodological approach used is qualitative, and it privileges consultation techniques and documentary analysis, fundamentally. With these devices we seek to guide present and future educational efforts for postgraduate programs in administration and related fields. As main findings, pedagogical and didactic openings for training work are identified; patterns of reflection on teaching activity and observations accompanied by a feedback exercise that invites managers to think about administration and related teachings with a cognitive, social and ethical significance, as well as incorporating and strengthening teacher training as a generating environment for innovative pedagogical practices

Unravelling plant diversification: Intraspecific genetic differentiation in hybridizing Anacyclus species in the western Mediterranean Basin

Premise: The interfertile species Anacyclus clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus represent a plant complex coexisting in large anthropic areas of the western Mediterranean Basin with phenotypically mixed populations exhibiting a great floral variation. The goal of this study was to estimate the genetic identity of each species, to infer the role of hybridization in the observed phenotypic diversity, and to explore the effect of climate on the geographic distribution of species and genetic clusters. Methods: We used eight nuclear microsatellites to genotype 585 individuals from 31 populations of three Anacyclus species for population genetic analyses by using clustering algorithms based on Bayesian models and ordination methods. In addition, we used ecological niche models and niche overlap analyses for both the species and genetic clusters. We used an expanded data set, including 721 individuals from 129 populations for ecological niche models of the genetic clusters. Results: We found a clear correspondence between species and genetic clusters, except for A. clavatus that included up to three genetic clusters. We detected individuals with admixed genetic ancestry in A. clavatus and in mixed populations. Ecological niche models predicted similar distributions for species and genetic clusters. For the two specific genetic clusters of A. clavatus, ecological niche models predicted remarkably different areas. Conclusions: Gene flow between Anacyclus species likely explains phenotypic diversity in contact areas. In addition, we suggest that introgression could be involved in the origin of one of the two A. clavatus genetic clusters, which also showed ecological differentiationPID2019‐104135GB‐I00, PID2021‐124187NB‐I0

Self-Medication of Drugs in Nursing Students from Castile and Leon (Spain)

9 pág.To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26–3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74–4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students’ family (1.31;1.03–1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28–6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89–1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59–2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50–7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline’s curriculum. Keywords: education; nursing students; prevalence; related factors; responsible self-medication; self-prescriptionS

NRF2-dependent gene expression promotes ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling

The transcription factor NRF2 is a master regulator of cellular antioxidant and detoxification responses, but it also regulates other processes such as autophagy and pluripotency. In human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), NRF2 antagonizes neuroectoderm differentiation, which only occurs after NRF2 is repressed via a Primary Cilia-Autophagy-NRF2 (PAN) axis. However, the functional connections between NRF2 and primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that function as cellular antennae, remain poorly understood. For instance, nothing is known about whether NRF2 affects cilia, or whether cilia regulation of NRF2 extends beyond hESCs. Here, we show that NRF2 and primary cilia reciprocally regulate each other. First, we demonstrate that fibroblasts lacking primary cilia have higher NRF2 activity, which is rescued by autophagy-activating mTOR inhibitors, indicating that the PAN axis also operates in differentiated cells. Furthermore, NRF2 controls cilia formation and function. NRF2-null cells grow fewer and shorter cilia and display impaired Hedgehog signaling, a cilia-dependent pathway. These defects are not due to increased oxidative stress or ciliophagy, but rather to NRF2 promoting expression of multiple ciliogenic and Hedgehog pathway genes. Among these, we focused on GLI2 and GLI3, the transcription factors controlling Hh pathway output. Both their mRNA and protein levels are reduced in NRF2-null cells, consistent with their gene promoters containing consensus ARE sequences predicted to bind NRF2. Moreover, GLI2 and GLI3 fail to accumulate at the ciliary tip of NRF2-null cells upon Hh pathway activation. Given the importance of NRF2 and ciliary signaling in human disease, our data may have important biomedical implicationsThis work was supported by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)-cofunded grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) to FRGG (SAF2015-66568-R and RYC2013-14887) and to A.C. and I.L.B. (SAF2016-76520-R

Controlled Binding of Organic Guests by Stimuli-Responsive Macrocycles

[Abstract] Synthetic supramolecular chemistry pursues not only the construction of new matter, but also control over its inherently dynamic behaviour. In this context, classic host–guest chemistry, based on the development of a myriad of macrocyclic receptors with fine-tuned affinities and selectivities, has enormously contributed to the discovery of new chemical function under self-assembly conditions. In turn, the use of molecular switches as control units within host–guest assemblies opened the door for the regulation of their dynamic interactional behaviour, which can be translated into controlled aggregation. In this review, we will focus on different strategies developed for the regulated binding of organic molecules by switchable macrocyclic hosts. As we will see, an appropriate design using stimuli-responsive versions of well-known organic receptors allows the molecular switches implemented within their structures to transform their regulated behaviour from the molecular to the supramolecular level.This research was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO FEDER, Grant CTQ2016-75629-P), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (CTQ2017-89166-R), and Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2018/39). E. P. thanks the funding received from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 851179), the UDC-Inditex InTalent Programme for her research contract and funding and the Xunta de Galicia for the Oportunius Programme. I. N. thanks the MECD (FPU program) for financial supportXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2018/3

Optimizing the Curie temperature of pseudo-binary RxR'2-xFe17 (R,R' = rare earth) for magnetic refrigeration

Several pseudo-binary RxR'2-xFe17 alloys (with R = Y, Ce, Pr, Gd and Dy) were synthesized with rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type crystal structure determined from x-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The choice of compositions was done with the aim of tuning the Curie temperature (TC) in the 270 ± 20 K temperature range, in order to obtain the maximum magneto-caloric effect around room temperature. The investigated compounds exhibit broad isothermal magnetic entropy changes, ΔSM(T), with moderate values of the refrigerant capacity, even though the values of ΔSMPeak are relatively low compared with those of the R2Fe17 compounds with R = Pr or Nd. The reduction on the ΔSMPeak is explained in terms of the diminution in the saturation magnetization value. Furthermore, the ΔSM(T) curves exhibit a similar caret-like behavior, suggesting that the magneto-caloric effect is mainly governed by the Fe-sublattice. A single master curve for ΔSM/ΔSMPeak(T) under different values of the magnetic field change are obtained for each compound by rescaling of the temperature axis.España MICINN MAT2011-27573-C04Basque Government IT-347-07CONACYT CB-2010-01-156932Slovak R&D Agency VVCE-0058-0

Infection exposure is a causal factor in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a result of Pax5-inherited susceptibility

Earlier in the past century, infections were regarded as the most likely cause of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB-ALL). However, there is a lack of relevant biologic evidence supporting this hypothesis. We present in vivo genetic evidence mechanistically connecting inherited susceptibility to pB-ALL and postnatal infections by showing that pB-ALL was initiated in Pax5 heterozygous mice only when they were exposed to common pathogens. Strikingly, these murine pB-ALLs closely resemble the human disease. Tumor exome sequencing revealed activating somatic, nonsynonymous mutations of Jak3 as a second hit. Transplantation experiments and deep sequencing suggest that inactivating mutations in Pax5 promote leukemogenesis by creating an aberrant progenitor compartment that is susceptible to malignant transformation through accumulation of secondary Jak3 mutations. Thus, treatment of Pax5 leukemic cells with specific JAK1/3 inhibitors resulted in increased apoptosis. These results uncover the causal role of infection in pB-ALL development. [Significance]: These results demonstrate that delayed infection exposure is a causal factor in pB-ALL. Therefore, these findings have critical implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of leukemia and for the development of novel therapies for this disease.J. Hauer has been supported by the German Children’s Cancer Foundation and from the “Forschungskommission” of the medical faculty of the Heinrich Heine University and the “Strategischer Forschungsfond” of the Heinrich Heine University. S. Ginzel has been supported by a scholarship from the Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. A. Borkhardt has been supported by the German Children’s Cancer Foundation and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn, Germany. Funding to S.N. Constantinescu from Salus Sanguinis, Fondation contre le cancer Belgium; Interuniversity Attraction Poles IAP, and ARC 10/15-027 is acknowledged. Research in the I. Sánchez-García group is partially supported by FEDER and MINECO (SAF2012-32810 and Red de Excelencia Consolider OncoBIO SAF2014-57791-REDC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE14/00066), Junta de Castilla y León (BIO/SA32/14 , BIO/SA51/15, and CSI001U14), Fundacion Inocente Inocente, and the ARIMMORA project [European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013) under grant agreement no. 282891]. The I. Sánchez-García lab is a member of the EuroSyStem and the DECIDE Network funded by the European Union under the FP7 program. A. Borkhardt and I. SánchezGarcía have been supported by the German Carreras Foundation (DJCLS R13/26). Research in the C. Vicente-Dueñas group is partially supported by a “Miguel Servet” Grant (CP14/00082 - AES 2013-2016) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad). Research at C. Cobaleda’s lab was partially supported by FEDER, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI13/00160 and PI14/00025), and from an institutional grant from the Fundacion Ramon Areces. A. MartínLorenzo was supported by FSE-Conserjería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (CSI001-13).Peer Reviewe

A new ETV6-RUNX1 in vivo model produces a phenocopy of the human Pb-ALL

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition, celebrado en Orlando (Florida-US) del 5 al 8 de diciembre de 2015.-- et al.[Introduction]: The ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene, the most common subtype of childhood pB-ALL, is acquired in utero, producing a persistent and hidden preleukemic clone. However, the underlying mechanism explaining how the preleukemic clone evolves to pB-ALL remains to be identified. The lack of genetically engineered human-like ETV6-RUNX1pB-ALL models has hampered our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. [Methods]: We have used a novel experimental approach to generate a murine strain that mimics the human ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL. We expressed ETV6-RUNX1 specifically in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of C57BL/6 x CBA mice by placing ETV6-RUNX1 under the control of the Sca1 promoter. Two founder mice were obtained for the Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 transgene, which had normal gestation, were viable and developed normally. Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 transgenic mice were characterized with respect to clinical, immunephenotypic and genetic characteristics. For the detection of shared secondary genomic alterations we analyzed three murine Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 and 11 ETV6-RUNX1positive human pB-ALL and corresponding germline by whole-exome (WES) and whole-genome sequencing using a HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) platform.[Results]: In our transgenic murine model Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 transgene expression was detected in HSCs, while there was no detectable expression in pro B cells or later stages of B-cell development, which mimics human ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic biology. Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mice developed exclusively pB-ALL at a low penetrance (7.5%; 3 out of 40) with a CD19+B220+IgM- cell surface phenotype. Overall survival was not significantly reduced compared to wild-type mice (P value = 0.7901). pB-ALL in Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mice manifested with splenomegaly, disruption of splenic architecture, and appearance of blast cells in the peripheral blood (PB). All leukemic cells displayed clonal immature BCR rearrangement. Tumor pro B cells grew independent of IL-7 and were able to propagate the disease when transplanted into sub-lethally irradiated syngeneic recipient mice. Whole-exome sequencing of murine pB-ALL revealed in one mouse a deletion of three amino acids in the B-cell differentiation factor EBF1, which is well known in the context of human ETV6-RUNX1 leukemia. Additionally we found mutations in genes implicated in histone modification, i.e. in KDM5Ccausing a premature translation stop. We compared the genomic alterations detected in the mouse model to published genomic data of pediatric ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL and identified multiple copy number variations, which are shared between the murine and human ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL. Among them were copy number gains and losses including i.e. the tumorsuppressor locus CDKN2A/B with a well-known role in human and mouse pB-ALL. A high proportion of genes implicated in histone modification was also mutated in published data of human ETV6-RUNX1 positive pB-ALL. We validated this novel finding of recurrent alterations of histone modifying genes in both the murine model and the human disease using an independent human ETV6-RUNX1 cohort of 11 patients. In this cohort were able to reproduce this finding. Similar to the murine model, we also detected a missense mutation in the methyltransferase KDM5C in one patient of our cohort of ETV6-RUNX1positive patients.[Conclusion]: In summary, we have characterized a new Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mouse model and this is, to our knowledge the first model, which represents a phenocopy of the human pB-ALL. Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mice develop exclusively pB-ALL at a very low penetrance as it is the case in human ETV6-RUNX1 positive pB-ALL. The acquisition of secondary mutations in pB-ALL with a high proportion in histone modifying genes confers the second hit for the conversion of a preleukemic clone into the clinically overt ETV6-RUNX1 positive pB-ALL disease. These findings are important for encouraging novel interventions that might help to prevent or treat ETV6-RUNX1 positive childhood leukemias.Peer Reviewe

Genetic Susceptibility to Periodontal Disease in Down Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Severe periodontitis is prevalent in Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to identify genetic variations associated with periodontitis in individuals with DS. The study group was distributed into DS patients with periodontitis (n = 50) and DS patients with healthy periodontium (n = 36). All samples were genotyped with the “Axiom Spanish Biobank” array, which contains 757,836 markers. An association analysis at the individual marker level using logistic regression, as well as at the gene level applying the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) was performed. The most significant genes were included in a pathway analysis using the free DAVID software. C12orf74 (rs4315121, p = 9.85 × 10−5, OR = 8.84), LOC101930064 (rs4814890, p = 9.61 × 10−5, OR = 0.13), KBTBD12 (rs1549874, p = 8.27 × 10−5, OR = 0.08), PIWIL1 (rs11060842, p = 7.82 × 10−5, OR = 9.05) and C16orf82 (rs62030877, p = 8.92 × 10−5, OR = 0.14) showed a higher probability in the individual analysis. The analysis at the gene level highlighted PIWIL, MIR9-2, LHCGR, TPR and BCR. At the signaling pathway level, PI3K-Akt, long-term depression and FoxO achieved nominal significance (p = 1.3 × 10−2, p = 5.1 × 10−3, p = 1.2 × 10−2, respectively). In summary, various metabolic pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in DS, including PI3K-Akt, which regulates cell proliferation and inflammatory responseThe genotyping service was carried out at CeGen-PRB3-ISCIII; it is supported by grant PT13/0001, ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDERS

Nonuniversality due to inhomogeneous stress in semiconductor surface nanopatterning by low-energy ion-beam irradiation

A lack of universality with respect to ion species has been recently established in nanostructuring of semiconductor surfaces by low-energy ion-beam bombardment. This variability affects basic properties of the pattern formation process, like the critical incidence angle for pattern formation, and has remained unaccounted for. Here, we show that nonuniform generation of stress across the damaged amorphous layer induced by the irradiation is a key factor behind the range of experimental observations, as the form of the stress field is controlled by the ion/target combination. This effect acts in synergy with the nontrivial evolution of the amorphous-crystalline interface. We reach these conclusions by contrasting a multiscale theoretical approach, which combines molecular dynamics and a continuum viscous flow model, with experiments using Xe+ and Ar+ ions on a Si(100) target. Our general approach can apply to a variety of semiconductor systems and conditions.This work has been partially supported by MICINN (Spain) Grant MAT2011-13333-E, and MINECO (Spain) Grants FIS2012-38866-C05-01, FIS2012-38866-C05-05, FIS2013-47949-C2-2-P and FIS2012-32349. TEM work has been conducted at LABMET laboratory, associated with Red de Laboratorios of CAM, Spain. A.M.-B. acknowledges support from MINECO, through FPI scolarship BES-2010-036179. A.R.C. acknowledges funding from Juan de la Cierva program (Spain) under Contract No. JCI-2012-14509.Publicad