718 research outputs found
Social and Physical Planning for the Elimination of Urban Poverty
The provision of public facilities is also a traditional planning emphasis, dating back to the days when the planner was an ally of the reformers who were fighting for the establishment of these facilities. Out of this has come the belief that public facilities are crucial agencies in people\u27s lives, that up-to-date facilities and programs will encourage intensive use of them and that this in turn will help significantly in achieving the aims of guided mobility planning.
Despite the intensity of the planner\u27s belief in neighborhood and public facility use, there is no evidence that these two planning concepts are as important to low income people as they are to planners. Consequently, it is fair to ask whether such concepts are as crucial to the elimination of urban poverty and deprivation as is signified by their appearance in some guided mobility plans. The answer to this question requires a brief discussion of the nature of contemporary urban poverty
Koncentrålt szegénység
Sokan szinte termĂ©szetesnek tartjĂĄk, hogy a nagyfokĂș szegĂ©nysĂ©ggel jellemezhetĆ környĂ©kek önmagukban is tovĂĄbb terjesztik a szegĂ©nysĂ©get. Az ismert szegĂ©nysĂ©gkutatĂł, Herbert Gans szerint ez veszĂ©lyes mĂtosz. RĂĄadĂĄsul, mint hangsĂșlyozza, az Obama-kormĂĄnyzat ĂĄltal nyilvĂĄnvalĂłan elfogadott feltevĂ©srĆl van szĂł. Mindennek az az eredmĂ©nye, hogy nem a szegĂ©nysĂ©g kivĂĄltĂł okaira â pĂ©ldĂĄul a munkahelyek hiĂĄnyĂĄra â, hanem a szegĂ©nykörzetek felszĂĄmolĂĄsĂĄt cĂ©lzĂł programokra koncentrĂĄljĂĄk az erĆfeszĂtĂ©seket
The Passive Journalist: How sources dominate the local news
This study explores which sources are âmakingâ local news and whether these sources are simply indicating the type of news that appears, or are shaping newspaper coverage. It provides an empirical record of the extent to which sources are able to dominate news coverage from which future trends in local journalism can be measured. The type and number of sources used in 2979 sampled news stories in four West Yorkshire papers, representing the three main proprietors of local newspapers in the United Kingdom, were recorded for one month and revealed the relatively narrow range of routine sources; 76 per cent of articles cited only a single source. The analysis indicates that journalists are relying less on their readers for news, and that stories of little consequence are being elevated to significant positions, or are filling news pages at the expense of more important stories. Additionally, the reliance on a single source means that alternative views and perspectives relevant to the readership are being overlooked. Journalists are becoming more passive, mere processors of one-sided information or bland copy dictated by sources. These trends indicate poor journalistic standards and may be exacerbating declining local newspaper sales
Phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution in uropeltid snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae): allozymes and albumin immunology
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73950/1/j.1095-8312.1990.tb00541.x.pd
Citizen participation in news
The process of producing news has changed significantly due to the advent of the Web, which has enabled the increasing involvement of citizens in news production. This trend has been given many names, including participatory journalism, produsage, and crowd-sourced journalism, but these terms are ambiguous and have been applied inconsistently, making comparison of news systems difficult. In particular, it is problematic to distinguish the levels of citizen involvement, and therefore the extent to which news production has genuinely been opened up. In this paper we perform an analysis of 32 online news systems, comparing them in terms of how much power they give to citizens at each stage of the news production process. Our analysis reveals a diverse landscape of news systems and shows that they defy simplistic categorisation, but it also provides the means to compare different approaches in a systematic and meaningful way. We combine this with four case studies of individual stories to explore the ways that news stories can move and evolve across this landscape. Our conclusions are that online news systems are complex and interdependent, and that most do not involve citizens to the extent that the terms used to describe them imply
The re-birth of the "beat": A hyperlocal online newsgathering model
This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 754 - 765, 2012, copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/17512786.2012.667279.Scholars have long lamented the death of the 'beat' in news journalism. Today's journalists generate more copy than they used to, a deluge of PR releases often keeping them in the office, and away from their communities. Consolidation in industry has dislodged some journalists from their local sources. Yet hyperlocal online activity is thriving if journalists have the time and inclination to engage with it. This paper proposes an exploratory, normative schema intended to help local journalists systematically map and monitor their own hyperlocal online communities and contacts, with the aim of re-establishing local news beats online as networks. This model is, in part, technologically-independent. It encompasses proactive and reactive news-gathering and forward planning approaches. A schema is proposed, developed upon suggested news-gathering frameworks from the literature. These experiences were distilled into an iterative, replicable schema for local journalism. This model was then used to map out two real-world 'beats' for local news-gathering. Journalists working within these local beats were invited to trial the models created. It is hoped that this research will empower journalists by improving their information auditing, and could help re-define journalists' relationship with their online audiences
A Tale of Two Stories from "Below the Line": Comment Fields at the Guardian
This article analyzes the nature of debate on âbelow the lineâ comment fields at the United Kingdomâs Guardian, and how, if at all, such debates are impacting journalism practice. The article combines a content analysis of 3,792 comments across eighty-five articles that focused on the UN Climate Change Summit, with ten interviews with journalists, two with affiliated commentators, plus the community manager. The results suggest a more positive picture than has been found by many existing studies: Debates were often deliberative in nature, and journalists reported that it was positively impacting their practice in several ways, including providing new story leads and enhanced critical reflection. However, citizenâjournalist debate was limited. The results are attributed to the normalization of comment fields into everyday journalism practice, extensive support and encouragement from senior management, and a realization that comment fields can actually make the journalistsâ life a little easier
"Preferred reading" of Legal Texts
In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media â rather than through other channels â dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by âcommon opinionâ disseminated by mass culture.V roce 1970, britskĂœ kulturnĂ teoretik Stuart Hall pĆedstavil koncept znĂĄmĂœ jako preferovanĂ©ho ÄtenĂ. Ten v sobÄ spojuje ideologickĂœ vliv masovĂœch mĂ©diĂ a dominantnĂ zpĆŻsoby chĂĄpĂĄnĂ jakĂ©hokoli textu. Tento ÄlĂĄnek se zamÄĆuje masovĂĄ mĂ©dia jako zdroj ideologickĂ©ho pozadĂ nebo kontextu prĂĄvnĂho vĂœkladu. PrĂĄvo pĆŻsobĂ v kultuĆe a kultura pĆedstavuje omezenĂ prĂĄvo dle potĆeb dominantnĂ ideologie. Kultura vytvĂĄĆĂ struktury dominace, kterĂ© manipulujĂ prĂĄvem. DĆŻleĆŸitou roli takĂ© sehrĂĄvĂĄ populĂĄrnĂ a masovĂĄ kultura. Tyto ÄĂĄsti kulturnĂho prĆŻmyslu vytvĂĄĆĂ hranice, ve kterĂœch pĆĂjemci (publikum) uvaĆŸujĂ o prĂĄvu. ProstĆednictvĂm masovĂœch mĂ©diĂ - spĂĆĄe neĆŸ prostĆednictvĂm jinĂœch kanĂĄlĆŻ - dominantnĂ ideologie infiltruje prĂĄvo. PrĂĄvnĂ vÄdomĂ je tvoĆeno dominantnĂmi kulturnĂmi rĂĄmci vytvoĆenĂœmi dominantnĂ ideologiĂ. ProstĆednictvĂm tĂ©to formace vytvĂĄĆenĂ© masovĂœmi mĂ©dii se prĂĄvo stĂĄvĂĄ komoditou. SdĂlĂ proto stejnĂ© hodnoty, nebo obsah jakĂ© definuje kulturnĂ prĆŻmysl. Proto lze i v prĂĄvnĂm kontextu uvaĆŸovat o tzv. preferovanĂ©m ÄtenĂ. Proto lze identifikovat paradigmata vĂœkladu, kterĂ© jsou mnohem "pouĆŸeitelnÄjĆĄĂ" neĆŸ jinĂ©, protoĆŸe vedou k oÄekĂĄvanĂœm vĂœsledkĆŻm. K vĂœsledkĆŻm, kterĂ© odpovĂdajĂ oÄekĂĄvĂĄnĂ masovĂ©ho publika.In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media â rather than through other channels â dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by âcommon opinionâ disseminated by mass culture
Proximity as a Journalistic Keyword in the Digital Era : A study on the âclosenessâ of amateur news images
Proximity is an ambiguous journalistic notion for which there is no single definition. In this article, we re-evaluate the relevance and use of the concept in the digital news environment. Based on interviews with journalists in Finland and audience focus groups in Finland and the United Kingdom, we ask how new forms of visual amateur production incorporated into professional news journalism have transformed the concept. The concept of proximity has evolved from being a criterion of news selection into a central imperative of news production aiming to engage audiences. Through the prism of amateur news imagery, proximity appears as a spatio-temporal, emotional and strategic keyword.Peer reviewe
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