11 research outputs found
Seismic reflections from the crystalline crust below the Continental Deep Drilling Site KTB-modeling and inference on reflector properties
The three-dimensional (3-D) reflection-seismic data set ISO-89 3D was recorded near the deep borehole KTB in southeastern Germany. Reflections from the SE1 reflector and from the top of the Erbendorf body (EB) in the upper crystalline crust can be identified in 5β10% of the single-shot sections. The reflectors have been first identified in previous studies of stacked and migrated seismic data. In this paper the velocity and density variations of these two structures are estimated in a new way using true amplitude single-shot (vibroseis) data. The method uses the direct wave Pg as a reference phase and models the amplitude ratios of the SE1 and EB reflections to Pg. Modeling in this paper uses a combination of ray theory and the reflectivity method, and the SE1 and the top of the EB are assumed to be obliquely oriented 1-D structures. Pg modeling shows that a depth-dependent velocity function within the uppermost crystalline basement explains the amplitudes and travel times of this phase with sufficient accuracy. The largest observed amplitude ratios SE1/Pg and EB/Pg are explained by laminated models with strong velocity contrasts and with reflection coefficients of magnitude 0.1β0.2 (SE1) and 0.05β0.15 (EB). The total thickness of the reflecting zones is less than βΌ300 m. Pg amplitude modeling requires low Qp factors (<100) to a depth of βΌ1 km, whereas at larger depths, values of several hundred are necessary to keep the SE1 and EB velocity contrasts in realistic ranges. Both reflectors can be interpreted as cataclastic zones. For the SE1 this interpretation agrees with the view that it is a steeply dipping thrust fault which continues the tectonic Franconian Lineament into the upper crust. We assume that the EB is the fractured top of a high-velocity zone at depths below βΌ10 km, known from earlier wide-angle measurements. Both reflectors have large weakly reflecting or nonreflecting parts. The SE1 is nonreflecting at the intersection with the KTB borehole
Seismic studies around the Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia
The Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) provided an ideal opportunity to test hypotheses on the origins of crustal reflections and on the presence and seismic expression of fluids in the upper crust. The alternative sources of crustal reflections include compositional changes, shear zones, fluids, and metamorphic facies changes, all of which are represented at the well. Both the 38-km-long CDP section and the borehole VSPs in the range 2.2β6.0 km demonstrate the presence of reflections from dipping compositional layering, shear zones, and fluid-filled zones. Subhorizontal reflectivity zones are interpreted as horizontal fluid-filled fracture-type reservoir rocks. Results suggest the presence of fluids down to a depth of at least 12 km in the upper crust; the presence of these fluids lowering seismic velocity causes estimates of upper crustal composition to be too felsic
ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ COVID-19
Background. The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has challenged the medical community for quickly finding and implementing effective methods of treatment. In the absence of a vaccine or specific therapy with proven effectiveness, the usage of convalescent plasma can be the one of perspective methods. An important aspect of this technology is the efficient and safe preparation of convalescent plasma. To date, in the world literature there are practically no publications about donor recruitment and the specifics of the preparation of convalescent plasma.
Purpose of the research. Presentation of the experience of organizing a workflow for recruiting donors and stockpiling of convalescent plasma with a high titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
Methods. The analysis of the work of the Blood Service of the Moscow Department of Health for stockpiling of COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been executed. In total it has been stockpiled 1240 doses. The normative documentation has been developed by a working group on the basis of the current federal legislation of Russian federation and been approved by the Moscow Department of Health. The titer of neutralizing antibodies (VNA) has been determined as the basic method for assessing the immunological viability of convalescent plasma. The main characteristics of donors, the characteristics of the disease course, the results of preliminary testing for the presence of specific antibodies by ELISA and CLIA methods has been compared with VNA titers in the stockpiled convalescent plasma.
Results. Due to a Moscow Health Departments order No. 325 dated 01.04.2020 (a basic local regulatory document) it has been developed a regulation for the stockpiling, examination, storage, safety and transfering of fresh frozen pathogen-reduced plasma of COVID-19 convalescent donors to medical organizations of the Moscow Health Department. For arranging an interaction with donors it has been created a call-center. For effective preliminary selection, it has been formed a donor characteristics list, which has been combined with screening of specific antibodies by ELISA and CLIA methods.
Conclusions. Developed a system of recruiting donors and procurement process of convalescent plasma for treatment Π‘OVID-19, which includes the necessary regulations, algorithms for the selection and recruitment of donors, the registry of donors and recipients, algorithms, efficiency and safety of convalescent plasma.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ (Π Π). ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π Π Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π Π Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ SARS-CoV-2.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π‘Π»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π Π COVID-19. ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ 1240 Π΄ΠΎΠ·. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π Π, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» (ΠΠΠ). ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ€Π ΠΈ ΠΠ₯ΠΠ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π Π.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² COVID-19 Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 01.04.2020 β 325 ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»-ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ° (ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ€Π ΠΈ ΠΠ₯ΠΠ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π Π Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘OVID-19, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π Π
Impact of pathogen reduction methods on immunological properties of the COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Background and objectives: COVID-19 convalescent plasma is an experimental treatment against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different pathogen reduction methods on the levels and virus neutralizing activity of the specific antibodies against SARS-CoV2 in convalescent plasma. Materials and methods: A total of 140 plasma doses collected by plasmapheresis from COVID-19 convalescent donors were subjected to pathogen reduction by three methods: methylene blue (M)/visible light, riboflavin (R)/UVB and amotosalen (A)/UVA. To conduct a paired comparison, individual plasma doses were divided into 2 samples that were subjected to one of these methods. The titres of SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) and levels of specific immunoglobulins to RBD, S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were measured before and after pathogen reduction. Results: The methods reduced NtAbs titres differently: among units with the initial titre 80 or above, 81% of units remained unchanged and 19% decreased by one step after methylene blue; 60% were unchanged and 40% decreased by one step after amotosalen; after riboflavin 43% were unchanged and 50% (7%, respectively) had a one-step (two-step, respectively) decrease. Paired two-sample comparisons (M vs. A, M vs. R and A vs. R) revealed that the largest statistically significant decrease in quantity and activity of the specific antibodies resulted from the riboflavin treatment. Conclusion: Pathogen reduction with methylene blue or with amotosalen provides the greater likelihood of preserving the immunological properties of the COVID-19 convalescent plasma compared to riboflavin