Comparison of Mechanical and Structural Properties of Nickel-titanium Alloy with Titanium-molybdenum Alloy and Titanium-niobium Alloy as Potential Metals for Endodontic Files

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the mechanical and structural properties of the nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy already used in endodontics with titanium-molybdenum (Ti-Mo) and titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys to determine if these can be suggested in the manufacture of endodontic files. Methods and Materials: Orthodontic wires made of the different alloys were used. The previously mentioned alloys were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and torsion tests. Cyclic fatigue tests were performed on a simulated canal with a curvature of 86° to 375 rpm. The fractured surfaces of the wires were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test and U Mann Whitney test were used to determine significant differences in cyclic fatigue between groups. Results: In the mechanical tests, similar values of torsion were found for the three alloys. In XRD, the Ti-Nb showed less structural changes. In the cyclic fatigue test, Ti-Nb was found to be significantly more resistant with respect to Ni-Ti and Ti-Mo. Conclusion: Based on our in vitro study, Ti-Nb is suggested as a possible alloy for the manufacture of rotary files due to its impressive properties

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Análisis mediante tomografías de haz de cono de la configuración anatómica de los orificios de la raíz mesial del primer molar maxilar en población colombiana / Cone Beam Tomographic Analysis of Maxillary First Molar Mesial Root Holes Anatomical Config...

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Las tasas de fracaso en los tratamientos de endodoncia se presentan en un mayor porcentaje en el primer molar superior debido a la no localización del conducto MV2 en la raíz MV. Los estudios sobre la morfología del primer molar superior no se pueden extrapolar a otras poblaciones debido a posibles diferencias étnicas. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de la configuración apical, la distancia media interorificio y la posible relación entre la distancia y la configuración apical de la raíz MV del primer molar superior en un grupo de población colombiana. Métodos: En este estudio descriptivo se analizó un total de 113 imágenes tomográficas computarizadas de haz de cono de la zona de molares superiores. El análisis consistió en la medición de la distancia entre los orificios de la raíz MV del primer molar superior a la altura del piso de la cámara pulpar para determinar si hay correlación con el tipo de configuración apical de la raíz MV. Resultados: La incidencia de configuraciones apicales II y IV fue del 41,59 % y 58,40 %, respectivamente. La distancia media entre los orificios de entrada de la raíz MV del primer molar superior para configuraciones apicales II y IV (clasificación Vertucci) fue 2,44 mm y 2,52 mm, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La configuración anatómica más común fue la tipo IV de Vertucci en 58,40 % de los casos. La distancia media interorificio en el grupo estudiado fue de 2,49 mm. No se encontró una relación entre la distancia interorificio y el tipo de configuración apical (p&gt;0,05).ABSTRACT. Background: Failure rates of endodontic treatments in maxillary first molar are mainly caused by the non-localization of the second mesiobuccal canal in the mesiobuccal root. Studies about upper first molar anatomy cannot be extrapolated from one population to another possibly because of ethnic variations. Objective: To determine the frequency of apical configuration, inter-orifice average distance, and possible relationship between the inter-orifice distance and the apical configuration of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root in a group of Colombians. Methods: In this descriptive study, 113 cone beam computed tomographic images of maxillary molar zones were analyzed. The study consisted of measuring, at the pulp chamber floor, the inter-orifice distance in maxillary first molars and determining apical configuration types of mesiobuccal roots. Measures included apical configuration, average inter-orifice distance, and possible association between the inter-orifice distance and the apical configuration (p=0.05). Data analysis was performed through CS software for 3D images. Results: The incidence of apical configurations types II and IV (Vertucci classification) was 41.59 % and 58.40 %, respectively. The average inter-orifice distances for apical configurations II and IV were 2.44 mm and 2.52 mm, respectively. Conclusions:  The average inter-orifice distance was 2.49 mm. The most common anatomical configuration was IV in close to three fifths of the cases. There is no relationship between inter-orifice distance and apical configuration type

Análisis mediante tomografías de haz de cono de la configuración anatómica de los orificios de la raíz mesial del primer molar maxilar en población colombiana / Cone Beam Tomographic Analysis of Maxillary First Molar Mesial Root Holes Anatomical Config...

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Las tasas de fracaso en los tratamientos de endodoncia se presentan en un mayor porcentaje en el primer molar superior debido a la no localización del conducto MV2 en la raíz MV. Los estudios sobre la morfología del primer molar superior no se pueden extrapolar a otras poblaciones debido a posibles diferencias étnicas. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de la configuración apical, la distancia media interorificio y la posible relación entre la distancia y la configuración apical de la raíz MV del primer molar superior en un grupo de población colombiana. Métodos: En este estudio descriptivo se analizó un total de 113 imágenes tomográficas computarizadas de haz de cono de la zona de molares superiores. El análisis consistió en la medición de la distancia entre los orificios de la raíz MV del primer molar superior a la altura del piso de la cámara pulpar para determinar si hay correlación con el tipo de configuración apical de la raíz MV. Resultados: La incidencia de configuraciones apicales II y IV fue del 41,59 % y 58,40 %, respectivamente. La distancia media entre los orificios de entrada de la raíz MV del primer molar superior para configuraciones apicales II y IV (clasificación Vertucci) fue 2,44 mm y 2,52 mm, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La configuración anatómica más común fue la tipo IV de Vertucci en 58,40 % de los casos. La distancia media interorificio en el grupo estudiado fue de 2,49 mm. No se encontró una relación entre la distancia interorificio y el tipo de configuración apical (p&gt;0,05).ABSTRACT. Background: Failure rates of endodontic treatments in maxillary first molar are mainly caused by the non-localization of the second mesiobuccal canal in the mesiobuccal root. Studies about upper first molar anatomy cannot be extrapolated from one population to another possibly because of ethnic variations. Objective: To determine the frequency of apical configuration, inter-orifice average distance, and possible relationship between the inter-orifice distance and the apical configuration of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root in a group of Colombians. Methods: In this descriptive study, 113 cone beam computed tomographic images of maxillary molar zones were analyzed. The study consisted of measuring, at the pulp chamber floor, the inter-orifice distance in maxillary first molars and determining apical configuration types of mesiobuccal roots. Measures included apical configuration, average inter-orifice distance, and possible association between the inter-orifice distance and the apical configuration (p=0.05). Data analysis was performed through CS software for 3D images. Results: The incidence of apical configurations types II and IV (Vertucci classification) was 41.59 % and 58.40 %, respectively. The average inter-orifice distances for apical configurations II and IV were 2.44 mm and 2.52 mm, respectively. Conclusions:  The average inter-orifice distance was 2.49 mm. The most common anatomical configuration was IV in close to three fifths of the cases. There is no relationship between inter-orifice distance and apical configuration type

Prevalence of stroke survival in rural communities living in northern Peru. S1 Data

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is the leading cause of neurological impairment in the South American Andean region. However, the epidemiology of stroke in the region has been poorly characterized. METHODS: We conducted a staged three-phase population-based study applying a validated eight-question neurological survey in 80 rural villages in Tumbes, northern Peru, then confirmed presence or absence of stroke through a neurologist's examination to estimate the prevalence of stroke. RESULTS: Our survey covered 90% of the population (22,278/24,854 individuals, mean age 30±21.28, 48.45% females), and prevalence of stroke was 7.05/1,000 inhabitants. After direct standardization to WHO's world standard population, adjusted prevalence of stroke was 6.94/1,000 inhabitants. Participants aged ≥85 years had higher stroke prevalence (>50/1000 inhabitants) compared to other stratified ages, and some unusual cases of stroke were found among individuals aged 25-34 years. The lowest age reported for a first stroke event was 16.8 years. High blood pressure (aPR 4.2 [2.7-6.4], p>0.001), and sedentary lifestyle (aPR 1.6 [1.0-2.6], p = 0.045) were more prevalent in people with stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The age-standardized prevalence of stroke in this rural coastal Peruvian population was slightly higher than previously reported in studies from surrounding rural South American settings, but lower than in rural African and Asian regions. The death rate from stroke was much higher than in industrialized and middle-income countries

II Congreso internacional en educación física, recreación, deporte y actividad física. “Innovación y tendencias” - Memorias

El II Congreso Internacional de Educación Física, Recreación, Deporte y Actividad Física: “Innovación y Tendencias“ y el II Encuentro de Egresados del Departamento de Cultura Física de la Universidad de Córdoba se realizó en la ciudad de Montería, capital del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, como iniciativa del Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y la Salud –GICAFS- del Departamento de Cultura Física, perteneciente a la Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad de Córdoba, como muestra hacia la comunidad académica y la sociedad en general de la responsabilidad ética, social y profesional, para aportar a la construcción de tejido social, atendiendo a las recomendaciones del plan decenal del deporte, la Educación Física, la Recreación y la Actividad Física 2009-2019 (COLDEPORTES, 2009).Edición 201

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols