The advertising in Spanish Television after the law 8/2009 of Financing of the Corporation of Radio and Television Spanish. Analysis through the MasterChef case

La entrada en vigor de la Ley 8/2009 de Financiación de la Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española supuso la introducción de un nuevo formato de financiación para la radiotelevisión pública de España. Una de las medidas más relevantes de esta ley fue la eliminación de la publicidad en Televisión Española, la cual implicó una considerable reducción de capital en las arcas de la corporación pública. En este trabajo se parte de la hipótesis de que Televisión Española incumple en reiteradas ocasiones las limitaciones de esta ley. A través del caso de MasterChef se ejemplifican y analizan sucesos en los que Televisión Española, bajo las etiquetas de colaboraciones o patrocinio cultural, introduce publicidad ilícita en sus programas, dejando de ese modo en desventaja a las cadenas privadas e induciendo al público a error sobre la naturaleza de los mensajes informativos-publicitarios. Para ello se realiza un análisis crítico de los discursos del programa, de los cuales se extraen conclusiones muy acordes a la hipótesis de partida que incitan a pensar en la inminente necesidad de reforma de los mecanismos de control o las fórmulas de financiación de la televisión pública de España.The start up of Law 8/2009 of Financing of the Spanish Radio and Television Corporation meant the introduction of a new financing format for public radio broadcasting in Spain (RTVE). One of the most relevant measures of this law was the elimination of advertising in public Spanish Television, which involved a considerable reduction of capital in the coffers of the public corporation. In this paper, we study the hypothesis that Televisión Española repeatedly fails to comply with the limitations of this law. Through the case of MasterChef exemplify and analyze events in which Spanish Television, under the labels of collaborations or cultural patronage, introduces illicit advertising in its programs, thereby leaving the private channels at a disadvantage and misleading the public about the nature of informational-advertising messages. For this, a critical analysis of the discourses of the program is carried out, from which conclusions are drawn that are very much in line with the hypothesis that motivates us to think about the imminent need for reform of the mechanisms of control or the formulas for financing public television from Spain

Perfil del consumidor de vino orgánico en la región del Bío-Bío

En primer lugar se describe el mercado del vino y posteriormente se elabora un perfil para el consumidor de vino orgánico, siendo la base de esta caracterización la revisión de fuentes secundarias de información. Además, se realizaron entrevistas con especialistas del área vitivinícola, reuniones con representantes de algunas viñas regionales, visitas a terreno y la aplicación de un cuestionario para describir el nivel de conocimiento y gustos que tienen los consumidores regionales referentes a vinos orgánicos, precios, conocimiento de marcas, canales de distribución y, por último, motivos de preferencias para probar un nuevo vino.Luego de estudiar una muestra representativa de la población de la región del Bío-Bío, orientada a mayores de 18 años, pertenecientes a los estratos socioeconómicos ABC1, C2, C3, se está en condiciones de dar a conocer un perfil de consumidor para este tipo de vino, concluyendo que no existe una diferencia notoria entre el consumidor de vino orgánico y tradicional.This study aims to describe the average consumer's profile for organic wine in regionVIII. This type of wine is produced under strict control of chemical components through out its entire production process. The first part of this work presents a general description of the wine industry using secondary sources. In addition, in-depth interviews with wine experts were developed and an structured questionnaire was applied for descriptive variables in arder to describe variables such as tastes and preferences, brand awareness, prices, distribution channels and finally perceptions on the potential for organic wines.Given the sample applied to the population of the region over 18 years old, belonging to the social stratum ABC1, C2, and C3, it is concluded that no significant differences exist between average consumer of tradicional and organic wines

General approach to prepare polymers bearing pendant isocyanate groups

A versatile synthetic approach for the easy preparation, under smooth reaction conditions, of diverse classes of linear polymers bearing aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate groups in the side chains is described. The procedure consists in the transformation of primary amine groups present in the polymer into isocyanates using equimolar amounts of diphosgene or triphosgene and a soluble tertiary amine as the acid scavenger. The transformation of all amine groups takes place quasi-simultaneously and instantaneously as shown by the invariability of the chain length of the polymer and the absence of crosslinked products. The number of isocyanate groups per molecule that can be achieved by this approach corresponds to the number of primary amine groups of the starting polymer and is up to three orders of magnitude higher than in any other non-crosslinked molecule described so far. The isocyanate functionalized polymers can be used to anchor a large variety of molecules to the polymer chains. The approach is in detail demonstrated with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) carrying aromatic amine groups but has also been confirmed by using a number of other polymer types bearing both aromatic and aliphatic primary amines. Furthermore, it has been used to prepare a novel low molecular weight compound, tris(2-cyanatoethyl)amine.The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Grants MAT2013-42957-R, and RTI2018-096636-J-I0

Stability and Thermal Properties Study of Metal Chalcogenide-Based Nanofluids for Concentrating Solar Power

Nanofluids are colloidal suspensions of nanomaterials in a fluid which exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties compared to conventional fluids. The addition of nanomaterials to a fluid can increase the thermal conductivity, isobaric-specific heat, diffusivity, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the original fluid. For this reason, nanofluids have been studied over the last decades in many fields such as biomedicine, industrial cooling, nuclear reactors, and also in solar thermal applications. In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of nanofluids based on one-dimensional MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets to improve the thermal properties of the heat transfer fluid currently used in concentrating solar plants (CSP). A comparative study of both types of nanofluids was performed for explaining the influence of nanostructure morphologies on nanofluid stability and thermal properties. The nanofluids prepared in this work present a high stability over time and thermal conductivity enhancements of up to 46% for MoS2-based nanofluid and up to 35% for WS2-based nanofluid. These results led to an increase in the efficiency of the solar collectors of 21.3% and 16.8% when the nanofluids based on MoS2 nanowires or WS2 nanosheets were used instead of the typical thermal oil

Emission properties of Pd-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal: Infrared emission due to the Pd-doping

Perovskite-type materials have attracted great attention in recent times due to their interesting characteristics, such as their luminescent properties. The good photoluminescence quantum yields as well as the possibility of tuning the emission wavelength has allowed the study of these materials in several applications, such as sensors or LEDs. As sensors, making nanocrystals of these perovskites emitting in the near infrared (NIR) would open the possibility of using these materials in biomedical applications. In the present work, Pd-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized and characterized. We show here Pd-doped NCs synthesized emit in NIR, at about 875 nm, using a laser emitting at 785 nm as the excitation source. This result is really new and promising, because it opens the possibility of using these nanocrystals in many applications as sensor in the field of nanobiomedicine in the futur

Serum methylation of GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas

Background Early detection has proven to be the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, most current screening programs suffer from low participation rates. A blood test may improve both the adherence to screening and the selection to colonoscopy. In this study, we conducted a serum-based discovery and validation of cfDNA methylation biomarkers for CRC screening in a multicenter cohort of 433 serum samples including healthy controls, benign pathologies, advanced adenomas (AA), and CRC.Results First, we performed an epigenome-wide methylation analysis with the MethylationEPIC array using a sample pooling approach, followed by a robust prioritization of candidate biomarkers for the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN: AA and CRC). Then, candidate biomarkers were validated by pyrosequencing in independent individual cfDNA samples. We report GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as new noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of AN. The combination of GALNT9/UPF3A by logistic regression discriminated AN with 78.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity, outperforming the commonly used fecal immunochemical test and the methylated SEPT9 blood test.Conclusions Overall, this study highlights the utility of cfDNA methylation for CRC screening. Our results suggest that the combination methylated GALNT9/UPF3A has the potential to serve as a highly specific and sensitive blood-based test for screening and early detection of CRC

Ageing alters the lipid sensing process in the hypothalamus of Wistar rats. Effect of food restriction

Lipids regulate a wide range of biological processes. The mechanisms by which fatty acids (FA) and its metabolites influence the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis have been highly studied. However, the effect of ageing and food restriction (FR) on this process is unknown. Herein, we analyzed the gene expression, protein and phosphorylation levels of hypothalamic enzymes and transcription factors related to lipid metabolism. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats of 3-, 8- and 24-month-old Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL), as ageing model. Besides, 5- and 21-month-old rats were subjected to a moderate FR protocol (equivalent to ≈ 80% of normal food intake) for three months before the sacrifice. Aged Wistar rats showed a situation of chronic lipid excess as a result of an increase in de novo FA synthesis and FA levels that reach the brain, contributing likely to the development of central leptin and insulin resistance. We observe a hypothalamic downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) and an increase of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1c (CPT1c) expression

Consumo de calcio en gestantes durante el segundo y tercer trimestre atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo en el año 2013

Introducción: El objetivo fue determinar la cantidad de consumo de calcio en gestantes durante el segundo y tercer trimestre atendidas en el hospital nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo en el año 2013. El estudio: Se incluyó a todas las gestantes atendidas en el hospital y que aceptaron voluntariamente. Se empleó un recordatorio de 24 horas para el registro de los alimentos consumidos. Hallazgos: Se evaluó a 100 gestantes. La edad promedio fue 31.59 años. La media del consumo de calcio fue de 1030.745 mg/día. Conclusiones: Existe un bajo consumo de calcio en dieta de las gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguianga Asenjo, sin embargo, ahí un menor número de gestantes que tienen un buen consumo de calcio que toman tabletas de calcio y su dieta

El Puzle i l'aprenentatge de la programació

Es descriu una experiència formalitzada d’aprenentatge cooperatiu mitjançant la utilització de la metodologia del puzle. Concretament, s’utilitza el puzle com una eina de suport en una assignatura organitzada d’acord amb l’estratègia de l’aprenentatge basat en projectes. La metodologia del puzle s’ha aplicat a tots els grups de les assignatures següents des del curs 2004-2005: 1. Enginyeria Tècnica de Telecomunicació, Introducció als Computadors (Q1 de primer curs, 4,5 crèdits) i Laboratori de Programació (Q2 de primer curs, 4,5 crèdits), i 2. Graus en Enginyeria de Sistemes de Telecomunicació i en Enginyeria Telemàtica, Introducció als Ordinadors (Q1 de primer curs, 6 crèdits ECTS) i Projecte de Programació (Q2 de primer curs, 6 crèdits ECTS). Com a part d’assignatures basades en l’aprenentatge basat en projectes es va començar a experimentar en dues assignatures a l’Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC), en el marc de les proves pilot d’adaptació de titulacions a l'espai europeu d'educació superior (EEES), impulsades per l’antic Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació (DURSI) de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Posteriorment es va seguir aplicant aquest model en els nous graus. Aquests anys d’experimentació ens han proporcionat una bona quantitat de resultats i conclusions.Peer Reviewe

Exercise referral schemes enhanced by self-management strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity among community-dwelling older adults from four European countries: protocol for the process evaluation of the SITLESS randomised controlled trial

Introduction: SITLESS is a randomised controlled trial determining whether exercise referral schemes can be enhanced by self-management strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity in the long term, in community-dwelling older citizens. The intervention is complex and requires a process evaluation to understand how implementation, causal mechanisms and context shape outcomes. The specific aims are to assess fidelity and reach of the implementation, understand the contextual aspects of each intervention site, evaluate the mechanisms of impact, and explore perceived effects. Methods and analysis: Following the Medical Research Council guidance on complex interventions, a combination of qualitative and quantitative procedures is applied, including observational checklists and attendance registries, standardised scales (ie, Marcus’s Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Physical Activity Self-Regulation Scale and the Lubben Social Network Scale) at baseline, postintervention and follow-up assessments, semistructured questionnaires gathering contextual characteristics, and participant observations of the sessions. Semistructured interviews and focus groups with the participants and trainers are conducted at postintervention and during the follow-up to explore their experiences. Outcomes from the standardised scales are analysed as moderators within the impact evaluation. Descriptive results on context and perceived effects complement results on impact. The qualitative and quantitative findings will help to refine the logic model to finally support the interpretation of the results on the effectiveness of the intervention. Ethics and dissemination: The study design was approved by the respective Ethical Committee of Ramon Llull University, Southern Denmark, Northern Ireland and Ulm University. Participation is voluntary, and all participants are asked to sign informed consent before starting the study. A dissemination plan operationalises how to achieve a social impact by reaching academic and non-academic stakeholders. A data management plan describes the specific data sets and regulates its deposition and curation. All publications will be open access