Impact of caries and dental fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren receiving water naturally fluoridated at above-optimal levels

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of caries and fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren living in areas with high concentrations of fluoride in water. Methods Five hundred and twenty-four schoolchildren (8–12 year olds) residing in rural communities in central Mexico were examined for oral hygiene, caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS II), and fluorosis (Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index, TFI). OHRQoL was evaluated with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for two age groups (CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14). Generalized structural equation models were constructed for data analysis. Results Overall prevalence of caries was 88.5% and fluorosis 46.9%. In the group of 8–10 year olds, 48% of the children had advanced carious lesions in primary or permanent teeth (ICDAS ≥4), 22.6% had moderate/severe fluorosis, and 59.9% of children had an impact on OHRQoL. Schoolchildren with ICDAS ≥4 were more likely [OR = 1.75, (95% CI 1.34–2.28)] to suffer a negative impact on OHRQoL. In the group of 11–12 year olds, 19.9% of children had advanced carious lesions and 23.2% showed moderate/severe fluorosis; 67.3% of children reported had an impact on OHRQoL. Children 11–12 year olds with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) [OR = 2.39 (95% CI 2.12–2.69)], caries (ICDAS ≥4) [OR = 2.18 (95% CI 2.13–2.24)], and low brushing frequency [OR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.21–3.44)] were more likely to have deterioration on OHRQoL. Conclusion A negative impact on OHRQoL was observed in children with caries and fluorosis

Valoración de la clase virtual en Odontologia infantil y pautas para mejorarla

[ES] En los últimos años, se ha incrementado el número de estudiantes a distancia. Todo ello, sumado a la actual pandemia sufrida por la COVID-19, ha hecho que la docencia virtual haya tomado un gran protagonismo en la docencia universitaria. En el grado de Odontología, donde tiene gran peso la enseñanza presencial, debido a la pandemia tuvimos que adaptar la docencia presencial a virtual. En el presente curso estamos usando ambos tipos. Al ser la primera vez que empleábamos docencia virtual en asignaturas relacionada con la Odontología infantil, tanto en Grado como en Posgrado, nos pareció interesante valorar la opinión de los alumnos sobre la docencia virtual así como saber qué plataformas les resulta más útil para impartirlas. Rellenaron un cuestionario con preguntas multirrespuesta y preguntas abiertas. Se evaluaron las plataformas Blackboard Collaborate, Google Meet, Zoom y Skype. Los resultados más destacados fueron que: Casi el 90 % de los alumnos prefieren conectarse a la clase virtual a través de un ordenador y el 94% lo hace desde su domicilio habitual. Sólo el 1,8% valoraron la asistencia a clases virtuales como una experiencia muy mala. El 45% prefiere alternar la clase presencial con la virtual cuando se imparte la carga teórica de la asignatura. Sin embargo, un 21,9% prefiere la clase presencial, exclusivamente. Cuanto se trata de impartir la parte práctica de las asignaturas, el 86% prefiere recibir solo docencia presencial. Las plataformas más usadas y mejores evaluadas fueron Blackboard Collaborate, seguida por Google Meet. En cuanto a las respuestas abiertas, nos han permitido elaborar un documento guía con consejos para que los docentes podamos mejorar la impartición de clases virtuales. En general, la asistencia a clases virtuales ha sido positiva, pero los alumnos prefieren que los créditos prácticos de las asignaturas sean impartidos de manera presencial.Caleya, AM.; Gallardo, NE.; Sánchez, ME.; Feijoo, G.; Martín, A.; Mourelle, MR.; De Nova, JM. (2022). Valoración de la clase virtual en Odontologia infantil y pautas para mejorarla. En Proceedings INNODOCT/21. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 317-324. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2021.2021.13335OCS31732

Guía de elaboración de Biopreparados Agroecológicos para la producción vegetal y animal de Patagonia Norte

Consideramos que la agroecología es una ciencia transdisciplinaria, que se nutre a través de los aportes realizados por diferentes disciplinas (agronomía, economía ecológica, sociología, etnoecología) y los saberes de los agricultores. Permite abordar múltiples dimensiones relacionadas con los aspectos técnico-productivos, económicos, ecológicos, sociales, culturales y políticos mediante la implementación de un trabajo multiescalar haciendo foco en el análisis de un sistema de cultivo, para evaluar su estado de salud, pero, al mismo tiempo, ampliando la mirada a nivel de agroecosistema y su relación con el paisaje agroecológico de una región determinada. Además, la agroecología es pluriepistemológica, es decir, integra diferentes epistemias, o sea, diferentes formas de generar los conocimientos. No hay una sola forma de agroecología, no hay una sola forma de analizar la agroecología, ya que integra diferentes visiones de la generación de los conocimientos. La agroecología no es intensa en insumos sino que es intensa en la generación de estos entenderes, cómo se relacionan, cómo funcionan, cómo se establecen diferentes tipos de sinergias. Por ello, la agroecología es un espacio de diálogo y de construcción de conocimientos que permite realizar prácticas aplicadas al diseño y el manejo de los agroecosistemas tendientes a modificar el actual sistema agroalimentario global.Fil: Stuart, Ana Laura. Productora de Arroyón; ArgentinaFil: Urraza, Maria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Cecchini, Maria Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extension Rural San Javier; ArgentinaFil: Garabito, Fernando Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Picún Leufú; ArgentinaFil: Monje, Suyai. Municipalidad de Picún Leufú; ArgentinaFil: Gramaglia, Cesar Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia de Extension Rural Villa Dolores; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Maria Esther. Zapala; ArgentinaFil: Aliaga, Elsa. Zapala; ArgentinaFil: Gallardo, Alejandra Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Zapala; Argentin

Nintedanib Reduces Muscle Fibrosis and Improves Muscle Function of the Alpha-Sarcoglycan-Deficient Mice

Sarcoglycanopathies are a group of recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Sarcoglycan deficiency produces instability of the sarcolemma during muscle contraction, leading to continuous muscle fiber injury eventually producing fiber loss and replacement by fibro-adipose tissue. Therapeutic strategies aiming to reduce fibro-adipose expansion could be effective in muscular dystrophies. We report the positive effect of nintedanib in a murine model of alpha-sarcoglycanopathy. We treated 14 Sgca mice, six weeks old, with nintedanib 50 mg/kg every 12 h for 10 weeks and compared muscle function and histology with 14 Sgca mice treated with vehicle and six wild-type littermate mice. Muscle function was assessed using a treadmill and grip strength. A cardiac evaluation was performed by echocardiography and histological study. Structural analysis of the muscles, including a detailed study of the fibrotic and inflammatory processes, was performed using conventional staining and immunofluorescence. In addition, proteomics and transcriptomics studies were carried out. Nintedanib was well tolerated by the animals treated, although we observed weight loss. Sgca mice treated with nintedanib covered a longer distance on the treadmill, compared with non-treated Sgca mice, and showed higher strength in the grip test. Moreover, nintedanib improved the muscle architecture of treated mice, reducing the degenerative area and the fibrotic reaction that was associated with a reversion of the cytokine expression profile. Nintedanib improved muscle function and muscle architecture by reducing muscle fibrosis and degeneration and reverting the chronic inflammatory environment suggesting that it could be a useful therapy for patients with alpha-sarcoglycanopathy

Análisis de las barreras percibidas por los deportistas de élite españoles para acceder a los estudios

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar si la formación académica de los deportistas de élite, la carga de entrenamiento, la dificultad para conciliar estudios y deporte y las barreras percibidas para estudiar son diferentes en función del tipo de deporte practicado y del género. Se utilizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuestas, con muestreo intencional, administrando un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas, elaborado ad hoc. Participaron un total de 648 deportistas de élite, de ellos, 418 eran deportistas de deportes individuales y 230 deportes colectivos. La carga de entrenamiento fue superior entre deportistas que practicaba deportes individuales. El nivel académico fue superior en los deportistas de deportes colectivos frente a los de deportes individuales. Los deportistas de deportes individuales percibieron una mayor di$cultad para conciliar su vida deportiva y los estudios. Así mismo, también mostraron en mayor grado barreras de tipo individual (estoy cansado habitualmente, me da pereza y pierdo el ritmo de los cursos) que los deportistas de deportes colectivos. Las mujeres mostraron en mayor medida que los hombres barreras relacionadas con la gestión del tiempo (no tengo tiempo, los horarios de los estudios no son %exibles). Los deportistas de deportes individuales son un colectivo con riesgo de sufrir exclusión académica

Targeted deep sequencing improves outcome stratification in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with low risk cytogenetic features

Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are found in 20-30% of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), while gene mutations are present in >90% of cases. Patients with low risk cytogenetic features account for 80% of CMML cases and often fall into the low risk categories of CMML prognostic scoring systems, but the outcome differs considerably among them. We performed targeted deep sequencing of 83 myeloid-related genes in 56 CMML patients with low risk cytogenetic features or uninformative conventional cytogenetics (CC) at diagnosis, with the aim to identify the genetic characteristics of patients with a more aggressive disease. Targeted sequencing was also performed in a subset of these patients at time of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation. Overall, 98% of patients harbored at least one mutation. Mutations in cell signaling genes were acquired at time of AML progression. Mutations in ASXL1, EZH2 and NRAS correlated with higher risk features and shorter overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Patients with SRSF2 mutations associated with poorer OS, while absence of TET2 mutations (TET2wt) was predictive of shorter PFS. A decrease in OS and PFS was observed as the number of adverse risk gene mutations (ASXL1, EZH2, NRAS and SRSF2) increased. On multivariate analyses, CMML-specific scoring system (CPSS) and presence of adverse risk gene mutations remained significant for OS, while CPSS and TET2wt were predictive of PFS. These results confirm that mutation analysis can add prognostic value to patients with CMML and low risk cytogenetic features or uninformative CC

Novel deep targeted sequencing method for minimal residual disease monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia

A high proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieve minimal residual disease (MRD) negative status ultimately relapse because a fraction of pathological clones remains undetected by standard methods. We designed and validated a high-throughput sequencing method for MRD assessment of cell clonotypes with mutations of NPM1, IDH1/2 and/or FLT3-SNVs. For clinical validation, 106 follow-up samples from 63 patients in complete remission were studied by NGS, evaluating the level of mutations detected at diagnosis. The predictive value of MRD status by NGS, multiparameter flow cytometry, or quantitative PCR was determined by survival analysis. The method achieved a sensitivity of 10-4 for SNV mutations and 10-5 for insertions/deletions and could be used in acute myeloid leukemia patients who carry any mutation (86% in our diagnosis data set). NGS-determined MRD positive status was associated with lower disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 3.4, p=0.005) and lower overall survival (HR 4.2, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that MRD positive status by NGS was an independent factor associated with risk of death (HR 4.54, p =0.005) and the only independent factor conferring risk of relapse (HR 3.76, p =0.012). This NGS based method simplifies and standardizes MRD evaluation, with high applicability in acute myeloid leukemia. It also improves upon flow cytometry and quantitative PCR to predict acute myeloid leukemia outcome and could be incorporated in clinical settings and clinical trials.This study was supported by the Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) grants PI13/02387 and PI16/01530, and the CRIS against Cancer foundation grant 2014/0120. M.L. holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FPDI-2013-16409). P.R.P. holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the Spanish of Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Contrato Predoctoral de Formación en Investigación en Salud i-PFIS (IFI 14/00008).S

Identification of tissue microRNAs predictive of sunitinib activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: To identify tissue microRNAs predictive of sunitinib activity in patients with metastatic renal-cell-carcinoma (MRCC) and to evaluate in vitro their mechanism of action in sunitinib resistance. METHODS: We screened 673 microRNAs using TaqMan Low-density-Arrays (TLDAs) in tumors from MRCC patients with extreme phenotypes of marked efficacy and resistance to sunitinib, selected from an identification cohort (n = 41). The most relevant differentially expressed microRNAs were selected using bioinformatics-based target prediction analysis and quantified by qRT-PCR in tumors from patients presenting similar phenotypes selected from an independent cohort (n = 101). In vitro experiments were conducted to study the role of miR-942 in sunitinib resistance. RESULTS: TLDAs identified 64 microRNAs differentially expressed in the identification cohort. Seven candidates were quantified by qRT-PCR in the independent series. MiR-942 was the most accurate predictor of sunitinib efficacy (p = 0.0074). High expression of miR-942, miR-628-5p, miR-133a, and miR-484 was significantly associated with decreased time to progression and overall survival. These microRNAs were also overexpressed in the sunitinib resistant cell line Caki-2 in comparison with the sensitive cell line. MiR-942 overexpression in Caki-2 up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion which, in turn, promote HBMEC endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance. CONCLUSIONS: We identified differentially expressed microRNAs in MRCC patients presenting marked sensitivity or resistance to sunitinib. MiR-942 was the best predictor of efficacy. We describe a novel paracrine mechanism through which high miR-942 levels in MRCC cells up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion to enhance endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance. Our results support further validation of these miRNA in clinical confirmatory studies

A novel deep targeted sequencing method for minimal residual disease monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia

A high proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieve minimal residual disease negative status ultimately relapse because a fraction of pathological clones remains undetected by standard methods. We designed and validated a high-throughput sequencing method for minimal residual disease assessment of cell clonotypes with mutations of NPM1, IDH1/2 and/or FLT3-single nucleotide variants. For clinical validation, 106 follow-up samples from 63 patients in complete remission were studied by sequencing, evaluating the level of mutations detected at diagnosis. The predictive value of minimal residual disease status by sequencing, multiparameter flow cytometry, or quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was determined by survival analysis. The sequencing method achieved a sensitivity of 10-4 for single nucleotide variants and 10-5 for insertions/deletions and could be used in acute myeloid leukemia patients who carry any mutation (86% in our diagnostic data set). Sequencing-determined minimal residual disease positive status was associated with lower disease-free survival (hazard ratio 3.4, P=0.005) and lower overall survival (hazard ratio 4.2, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that minimal residual disease positive status determined by sequencing was an independent factor associated with risk of death (hazard ratio 4.54, P=0.005) and the only independent factor conferring risk of relapse (hazard ratio 3.76, P=0.012). This sequencing-based method simplifies and standardizes minimal residual disease evaluation, with high applicability in acute myeloid leukemia. It is also an improvement upon flow cytometry- and quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based prediction of outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and could be incorporated in clinical settings and clinical trials.This study was supported by the Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) grants PI13/02387 and PI16/01530, and the CRIS against Cancer foundation grant 2014/0120. ML holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FPDI-2013- 16409). PRP holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Contrato Predoctoral de Formación en Investigación en Salud i-PFIS (IFI 14/00008).S

Biophysical and lipidomic biomarkers of cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction in humans

Few studies have analyzed the potential of biophysical parameters as markers of cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in human hearts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrates the overall changes in proteins, nucleic acids and lipids in a single signature. The aim of this work was to define the FTIR and lipidomic pattern for human left ventricular remodeling post-MI. A total of nine explanted hearts from ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were collected. Samples from the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and infarcted left ventricle (LV INF) were subjected to biophysical (FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and lipidomic (liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, LC–HRMS) studies. FTIR evidenced deep alterations in the myofibers, extracellular matrix proteins, and the hydric response of the LV INF compared to the RV or LV from the same subject. The lipid and esterified lipid FTIR bands were enhanced in LV INF, and both lipid indicators were tightly and positively correlated with remodeling markers such as collagen, lactate, polysaccharides, and glycogen in these samples. Lipidomic analysis revealed an increase in several species of sphingomyelin (SM), hexosylceramide (HexCer), and cholesteryl esters combined with a decrease in glycerophospholipids in the infarcted tissue. Our results validate FTIR indicators and several species of lipids as useful markers of left ventricular remodeling post-MI in humans