Using a 1D FX Predictive Filter for 3D Seismic Data Random Noise Attenuation

Summary For some time now, FXY has been used as a standard algorithm for random noise attenuation on 3D seismic data. Recently, however, users noticed that, when signal/noise ratio is low, FXY is not as successful. In this paper, we will demonstrate that a series of 1D FKxY predictive filters is superior to the 2D FXY filter in the presence of significant random noise

Towards a radiocarbon calibration for oxygen isotope stage 3 using New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis)

It is well known that radiocarbon years do not directly equate to calendar time. As a result, considerable effort has been devoted to generating a decadally resolved calibration curve for the Holocene and latter part of the last termination. A calibration curve that can be unambiguously attributed to changes in atmospheric ¹⁴C content has not, however, been generated beyond 26 kyr cal BP, despite the urgent need to rigorously test climatic, environmental, and archaeological models. Here, we discuss the potential of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) to define the structure of the ¹⁴C calibration curve using annually resolved tree rings and thereby provide an absolute measure of atmospheric ¹⁴C. We report bidecadally sampled ¹⁴C measurements obtained from a floating 1050-yr chronology, demonstrating repeatable ¹⁴C measurements near the present limits of the dating method. The results indicate that considerable scope exists for a high-resolution ¹⁴C calibration curve back through OIS-3 using subfossil wood from this source

Improving the Thermal Performance of Rotary and Linear Air-Cored Permanent Magnet Machines for Direct Drive Wind and Wave Energy Applications

Air-cored machines offer benefits in terms the elimination of magnetic attraction forces between stator and rotor. With no iron in the stator there is not a good thermal conduction path for heat generated by Joule losses in the stator winding. Results from both models and experimental tests are provided in this paper to investigate different methods of cooling air-cored windings, including natural air-cooling, direct liquid cooling and the use of heat pipes

Oceanography of Cowichan Bay: A background view for early marine survival of Chinook and Coho salmon

Early Marine Survival (EMS) of Chinook and Coho salmon in the Salish Sea has plummeted over the past decades, and both bottom-up and top-down mechanisms for decline have been proposed. As a background for an ecosystem-based assessment of EMS, a pilot study on the basic oceanography of a small sub-component of the system was launched in spring and early summer, 2013. A repeat sampling grid covering Cowichan Bay and immediately connected waters was established, and then sampled on weekly intervals for temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrients and zooplankton. Oceanographic studies were carried out concurrently with fisheries assessments. A longer section was carried out at monthly intervals, with the purpose of connecting Cowichan Bay to the Strait of Georgia. This talk will present findings from this study, identify key shortcoming and suggest an approach to expand the pilot study to the scale of the Salish Sea

Imaging biomarker roadmap for cancer studies.

Imaging biomarkers (IBs) are integral to the routine management of patients with cancer. IBs used daily in oncology include clinical TNM stage, objective response and left ventricular ejection fraction. Other CT, MRI, PET and ultrasonography biomarkers are used extensively in cancer research and drug development. New IBs need to be established either as useful tools for testing research hypotheses in clinical trials and research studies, or as clinical decision-making tools for use in healthcare, by crossing 'translational gaps' through validation and qualification. Important differences exist between IBs and biospecimen-derived biomarkers and, therefore, the development of IBs requires a tailored 'roadmap'. Recognizing this need, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) assembled experts to review, debate and summarize the challenges of IB validation and qualification. This consensus group has produced 14 key recommendations for accelerating the clinical translation of IBs, which highlight the role of parallel (rather than sequential) tracks of technical (assay) validation, biological/clinical validation and assessment of cost-effectiveness; the need for IB standardization and accreditation systems; the need to continually revisit IB precision; an alternative framework for biological/clinical validation of IBs; and the essential requirements for multicentre studies to qualify IBs for clinical use.Development of this roadmap received support from Cancer Research UK and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant references A/15267, A/16463, A/16464, A/16465, A/16466 and A/18097), the EORTC Cancer Research Fund, and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant agreement number 115151), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies' in kind contribution

The Unusual Suspects: An Educated, Legitimately Employed Drug Dealing Network

This article challenges the mainstream discourse that is often used to conceptualize illegal drug supply. In particular, it questions the assumption that drug dealers and the markets they inhabit are a social aberration, restricted primarily to social outsiders operating in socially and economically marginalized communities. Drawing on 6 years of ethnographic fieldwork with 25 “conventional” working-class “lads,” the article makes two overarching arguments. First, that the illegal drug trade is by no means confined to a subset of violent or marginalized drug distributors. Second, that the organization and structure of drug distribution networks can often be entwined into the fabric of conventional routines. The article concludes that criminological research must move toward better conceptualizing the so-called silent majority of drug dealers if we are to accurately reframe the current reductionist drugs discourse