Cognitive radio technology in the UHF band

Las empresas de comunicaciones celulares móviles en Colombia requieren mayor recurso espectral para ampliar su portafolio de servicios; sin embargo, no hay frecuencias adicionales para tal fin, no obstante es conocido que existe infrautilización de muchas bandas licenciadas. Por esta razón nuevas tecnologías de radio son estudiadas para su implementación en búsqueda de solucionar este problema, ellas son: Radio Definida por Software (RDS ) [1], Radio Cognición (RC) [2] y Acceso Dinámico al Espectro (ADE) [3]. Estas estrategias proponen movilidad en todo el espectro de las comunicaciones de radio para suplir necesidades y lograr mayor eficiencia en la administración de dicho recurso. Desde esta perspectiva se presenta un estudio de caso para examinar los requisitos que se deben cumplir para la implementación de una red de radio cognitiva en Bogotá, para lo cual se evaluó la posibilidad de migración de las comunicaciones celulares desde sus bandas asignadas a las bandas de televisión UHF, y la coexistencia sin interferencias entre estos 2 servicios. El estudio arrojó viabilidad en dicha migración; sin embargo, la implementación de radio cognitiva compromete voluntades de los operadores y del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia, y demanda disponibilidad de hardware, software y plataformas de radio flexibles.Mobile cellular communication companies in Colombia require more spectrum resources to expand their portfolio of services. However, additional frequency bands for that particular purpose are scarce, yet it is well known that there are many underutilized licensed bands. Therefore new radio technologies are being studied in order to solve this problem, e.g. Software Defi ned Radio SDR [1] Cognitive Radio CR [2] and Dynamic Spectrum Access DSA [3]. These strategies recommend mobility across the radio spectrum to meet various needs and achieve greater effi ciency when managing such a scarce resource. In this context, a case study is presented in an attempt to examine the requirements that must be met for the implementation of cognitive radio networks in Bogota. The case study includes evaluation for the possibility of migration from cellular communications to cognitive radio since the bands assigned to UltraHigh Frequency UHF television offer possible free-of-interference coexistence between the two services (i.e. Cellular and TV). The study shows feasibility to migration; however, the implementations of cognitive radio need availability of hardware, software and flexible radio platforms

First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings.Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; ArgentinaFil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia; MéxicoFil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Vásquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San Sebastián; ChileFil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MéxicoFil: García, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro Médico Abc; MéxicoFil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Acevedo Vásquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Chacón Díaz, Rosa. Policlínica Méndez Gimón; VenezuelaFil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. Corporación Médica Monte Sinaí; EcuadorFil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Molina, José Fernando. Centro Integral de Reumatología; ColombiaFil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Silva, Clóvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Gómez Puerta, José A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Savio, Verónica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; Perú. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerúFil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cavalcanti, André. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - Núcleo Bolívar; VenezuelaFil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Herrera Uribe, Sebastián. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de Gutiérrez; ColombiaFil: Gómez Martín, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; ArgentinaFil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República DominicanaFil: Saurit, Verónica. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerúFil: González Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: González Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; MéxicoFil: Collado, María Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sattler, María E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa Cárdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerúFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MéxicoFil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MéxicoFil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Brenol, João C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Montúfar Guardado, Rubén A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El SalvadorFil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; MéxicoFil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; MéxicoFil: Portela Hernández, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerúFil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República DominicanaFil: García Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica; MéxicoFil: Orozco, María Celeste. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; ArgentinaFil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; ArgentinaFil: Alarcón, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unido

Tecnologia radio cognitiva en la banda ultra high frequency (UHF)

Mobile cellular communication companies in Colombia require more spectrum resources to expand their portfolio of services. However, additional frequency bands for that particular purpose are scarce, yet it is well known that there are many underutilized licensed bands. Therefore new radio technologies are being studied in order to solve this problem, e.g. Software Defined Radio SDR Cognitive Radio CR and Dynamic Spectrum Access DSA. These strategies recommend mobility across the radio spectrum to meet various needs and achieve greater efficiency when managing such a scarce resource. In this context, a case study is presented in an attempt to examine the require¬ments that must be met for the implementation of cognitive radio networks in Bogota. The case study includes evaluation for the possibility of migration from cellular communications to cognitive radio since the bands assigned to UltraHigh Frequency UHF television offer possible free-of-interference coexistence between the two services (i.e. Cellular and TV). The study shows feasibility to migration; however, the implementations of cognitive radio need availability of hardware, software and flexible radio platforms

Caracterização cinemática de espermatozóides criopreservados de três biótipos de galos crioulos equatorianos

The rearing of Creole backyard chickens constitutes an important economic resource that contributes to food security in Ecuador (Tolombo, 2020). However, its conventional ways of crossing suppose a high genetic variability (Wang et al., 2020). The extensive management of traditional poultry farms (in backyards) has facilitated high inbreeding between hen populations, in such a way that the same individual has common characteristics of several biotypes (Villacís et al., 2016). In Ecuador, three main biotypes (lines) of Creole roosters have been morphometrically identified: the barbona, Cuban and guarica. In this sense, it is a priority to identify these biotypes of Creole roosters in order to develop selection and improvement programs, for the optimization of productive and genetic processes. Artificial insemination (AI) and rooster sperm cryopreservation are reproductive biotechnologies that allow the development of avian genetics and selection programs; however, it is necessary to know the cell biology and its response to the cryogenic processes of the sperm for the optimization of cryopreservation protocols (Satiago-Moreno et al., 2011). Therefore, this research characterized the cryopreserved semen of three biotypes of Ecuadorian Creole roosters, the Cuban, the barbona and the guarica.La crianza de gallinas criollas de traspatio constituye un importante recurso económico que contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en el Ecuador (Tolombo, 2020). No obstante, sus modos convencionales de cruzamiento supone una alta variabilidad genética (Wang et al., 2020). El manejo extensivo de las explotaciones avícolas tradicionales (en traspatio) ha facilitado una alta endogamia entre las poblaciones de gallinas, de modo tal que un mismo individuo presenta características comunes de varios biotipos (Villacís et al., 2016). En el Ecuador, se han identificado morfométricamente a tres principales biotipos (líneas) de gallos criollos: la barbona, cubana y guarica. En este sentido, es prioridad identificar estos biotipos de gallos criollos con la finalidad de desarrollar programas de selección y mejoramiento, para la optimización de los procesos productivos y genéticos. La Inseminación artifical (IA) y la criopreservación de espermatozoides de gallo, son biotecnologías reproductivas que permiten desarrollar programas de selección y genética aviar; sin embargo, es necesario conocer la biología celular y su respuesta a los procesos criogénicos de los espermatozoides para la optimización de protocolos de criopreservación (Satiago-Moreno et al., 2011). Por lo tanto, esta investigación caracterizó el semen criopreservado de tres biotipos de gallos criollos ecuatorianos, la cubana, la barbona y la guarica.A criação de galinhas crioulas de quintal constitui um importante recurso econômico que contribui para a segurança alimentar no Equador (Tolombo, 2020). No entanto, suas formas convencionais de cruzamento supõem uma alta variabilidade genética (Wang et al., 2020). O manejo extensivo de granjas avícolas tradicionais (em quintais) tem facilitado a alta endogamia entre populações de galinhas, de tal forma que um mesmo indivíduo possui características comuns de vários biótipos (Villacís et al., 2016). No Equador, três principais biótipos (linhagens) de galos crioulos foram identificados morfometricamente: a barbona, a cubana e a guarica. Nesse sentido, é prioritário identificar esses biótipos de galos crioulos para desenvolver programas de seleção e melhoramento, para a otimização dos processos produtivos e genéticos. A inseminação artificial (IA) e a criopreservação de sêmen de galo são biotecnologias reprodutivas que permitem o desenvolvimento de programas de genética e seleção aviária; no entanto, é necessário conhecer a biologia celular e sua resposta aos processos criogênicos do esperma para a otimização dos protocolos de criopreservação (Satiago-Moreno et al., 2011). Portanto, esta pesquisa caracterizou o sêmen criopreservado de três biótipos de galos crioulos equatorianos, o cubano, o barbona e o guarica

Cognitive radio technology in the UHF band

Las empresas de comunicaciones celulares móviles en Colombia requieren mayor recurso espectral para ampliar su portafolio de servicios; sin embargo, no hay frecuencias adicionales para tal fin, no obstante es conocido que existe infrautilización de muchas bandas licenciadas. Por esta razón nuevas tecnologías de radio son estudiadas para su implementación en búsqueda de solucionar este problema, ellas son: Radio Definida por Software (RDS ) [1], Radio Cognición (RC) [2] y Acceso Dinámico al Espectro (ADE) [3]. Estas estrategias proponen movilidad en todo el espectro de las comunicaciones de radio para suplir necesidades y lograr mayor eficiencia en la administración de dicho recurso. Desde esta perspectiva se presenta un estudio de caso para examinar los requisitos que se deben cumplir para la implementación de una red de radio cognitiva en Bogotá, para lo cual se evaluó la posibilidad de migración de las comunicaciones celulares desde sus bandas asignadas a las bandas de televisión UHF, y la coexistencia sin interferencias entre estos 2 servicios. El estudio arrojó viabilidad en dicha migración; sin embargo, la implementación de radio cognitiva compromete voluntades de los operadores y del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia, y demanda disponibilidad de hardware, software y plataformas de radio flexibles.Mobile cellular communication companies in Colombia require more spectrum resources to expand their portfolio of services. However, additional frequency bands for that particular purpose are scarce, yet it is well known that there are many underutilized licensed bands. Therefore new radio technologies are being studied in order to solve this problem, e.g. Software Defi ned Radio SDR [1] Cognitive Radio CR [2] and Dynamic Spectrum Access DSA [3]. These strategies recommend mobility across the radio spectrum to meet various needs and achieve greater effi ciency when managing such a scarce resource. In this context, a case study is presented in an attempt to examine the requirements that must be met for the implementation of cognitive radio networks in Bogota. The case study includes evaluation for the possibility of migration from cellular communications to cognitive radio since the bands assigned to UltraHigh Frequency UHF television offer possible free-of-interference coexistence between the two services (i.e. Cellular and TV). The study shows feasibility to migration; however, the implementations of cognitive radio need availability of hardware, software and flexible radio platforms

Rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and high relapse rate represent a therapeutic challenge in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Observational studies suggested efficacy of rituximab (RTX), a B-cell-targeting antibody, to control the activity of SLE. Two randomized trials controlled by placebo did not prove the superiority of RTX when used in addition to conventional treatment in nonrenal (EXPLORER) and renal (LUNAR) lupus. A systematic review of studies exploring the efficacy of RTX in SLE patients was conducted. The pooled percentages of response were assessed. Thirty studies with 1243 patients were analyzed. In studies using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG), the complete response (CR) rate was 46.7% (95% CI 36.8%-56.8%) and the partial response (PR) was 37.9% (95% CI 30.6%-45.8%). With the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), the CR was 56.6% (95% CI 32.4%-78.1%) and the PR was 30.9% (95% CI 8.9%-46%). In renal lupus the CR was 36.1% (95% CI 25.2%-48.6%); PR was 37.4% (95% CI 28.5%-47.3%). In EXPLORER, CR was 12.4% and PR was 17.2%; in LUNAR CR was 26.4% and PR was 30.6%, in both cases not different from controls. Assessment and standardization of SLE response to treatment remain a challenge. The discrepancy in the perceived efficacy of RTX between controlled and observational studies reflects the heterogeneity of lupus and stringency in criteria of response. Further randomized trials focusing on selected SLE manifestations and using composite response indices are warranted