Reducing Self-Stigma in People with Severe Mental Illness Participating in a Regular Football League: An Exploratory Study

For the past 15 years, a regular indoor football competition has been taking place in Madrid (Spain) with 15 teams from different mental health services in the city, in which teams face off weekly as part of a competition lasting nine months of the year. We are not aware of whether a similar competition experience is offered in other cities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether participating in this league, called Ligasame, has an influence on participants’ self-stigma. To do so, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) was adapted into Spanish and applied to 108 mental health patients, 40% of which participated in Ligasame, and the remainder of which did not. The results obtained reflect significant differences between those participating in Ligasame and those that did not in terms of two specific dimensions related to self-stigma (stereotype endorsement and stigma resistance) and total score. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in terms of other variables, such as patients’ prior diagnosis, age or belonging to different resources/associations. In this article, we discuss the importance of these results in relation to reducing self-stigma through participation in a regular yearly mental health football league

Introducción a la flora de los bosques del valle de Valdebezana (Burgos)

El presente trabajo es una primera aproximación a la flora de los bosques del valle de Valdebezana (Las Merindades, Burgos). Incluye 741 citas y 327 especies, agrupadas en 218 géneros y 73 familias. Más de la mitad de las citas, hasta 442, corresponden a muestreos realizados en primavera y verano de 2014, mientras que 299 se han recuperado de la bibliografía. Hasta 148 taxones se citan por primera vez en los bosques de Valdebezana, y se incluyen citas nuevas para otros 92 taxones

Residential micro-consumption characterization based on the user perspective in a citizen science initiative: the #50lWaterChallenge experience

[EN] A good characterization of water demands is essential to correctly simulate the water flow and quality in supply systems, especially in the terminal pipelines. At present, there are two types of stochastic demand models, which need as input either water flow series at monitored households or specialized technical surveys. The aim of this work is to gather guiding information that can be used to set up end-use based models thanks to the perception of self-consumption of the users involved in a citizen science experience. It consists of a simple on-line survey in the context of the #50lWaterChallenge in social networks, which collects individual  microconsumption information at households. Data is filtered in two stages and results present a good correspondence with available references in the scientific literature. Moreover, they seem to capture the particularities of confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain. Therefore, they prove that such initiatives may be an agile and useful tool to characterize (or at least approximate) urban water demand.[ES] Una buena caracterización de las demandas es esencial para modelizar correctamente el flujo y la calidad del agua en sistemas de abastecimiento, especialmente en las zonas terminales de la red. En la actualidad existen dos tipos de modelos estocásticos de demanda, que requieren una adecuada monitorización de viviendas o la realización de encuestas técnicas especializadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es recopilar información orientativa para la puesta en marcha de modelos basados en usos finales mediante la percepción de consumo de los participantes en una experiencia de ciencia ciudadana. Se trata de una sencilla encuesta on-line con motivo del reto #50lWaterChallenge en redes sociales, que recoge información sobre los micro-consumos de agua en las viviendas de forma individual. Los datos recabados son filtrados en dos etapas y los resultados obtenidos se ajustan en general bien a las referencias existentes en la literatura científica. Además, parecen captar las particularidades asociadas a la situación de confinamiento debida a la coyuntura por COVID-19 en España, probando que este tipo de iniciativas pueden ser herramientas ágiles y útiles para caracterizar (o al menos aproximar) el consumo de agua urbana.Los autores agradecen a la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología – Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación la financiación del proyecto “Cambio Climático, Aquí y Ahora” (Referencia FCT-18-13279) en el marco de la Convocatoria de ayudas para el fomento de la cultura científica, tecnológica y de la innovación (2018). Asimismo, agradecen a la Red Young Water Professionals (YWP) Spanish chapter, al influencer de ciencia José Luis Crespo (@QuantumFracture) y a la Demarcación del Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos en Castilla-La Mancha su colaboración en la difusión del #50lWaterChallenge.Díaz, S.; González, J.; Galán, Á. (2021). Caracterización de micro-consumos domésticos de agua potable de acuerdo con la percepción de los participantes en una iniciativa de ciencia ciudadana: la experiencia del #50lWaterChallenge. Ingeniería del agua. 25(3):169-185. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2021.14998OJS169185253Blokker, E.J.M., Pieterse-Quirijns, E., Vreeburg, J., van Dijk, J. 2011. Simulating nonresidential water demand with a stochastic end-use model. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(6), 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000146Blokker, E.J.M., Vreeburg, J., Buchberger, S., van Dijk, J. 2008. Importance of demand modelling in network water quality models: A review. Drinking Water Engineering and Science, 1(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-1-27-2008Blokker, E.J.M., Vreeburg, J., van Dijk, J. 2010. Simulating residential water demand with a stochastic end-use model. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000002Buchberger, S., Wells, G. 1996. Intensity, duration and frequency of residential water demands. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 122(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1996)122:1(11)Buchberger, S., Wu, L. 1995. Model for instantaneous residential water demands. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(3), 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:3(232)Canfield, D.E., Brown, C.D., Bachmann, R.W., Hoyer, M.V. 2002. Volunteer lake monitoring: testing the reliability of data collected by the Florida LAKEWATCH Program. Lake and Reservoir Management, 18(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140209353924Creaco, E., Blokker, E.J.M., Buchberger, S. 2017. Models for generating household water demand pulses: Literature review and comparison. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 143(6), 04017013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000763Cubillo, F., Moreno, T., Ortega, S. 2008. Microcomponentes y factores explicativos del consumo doméstico de agua en la Comunidad de Madrid. Cuaderno de I+D+i 4, Canal de Isabel II, Madrid, España.Darwall, W.R.T., Dulvy, N.K. 1996. An evaluation of the suitability of non-specialist volunteer researchers for coral reef fish surveys. Mafia Island, Tanzania - a case study. Biological Conservation, 78(3), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(95)00147-6Díaz, S., González, J. 2020. Analytical Stochastic Microcomponent modeling approach to assess network spatial scale effects in water supply systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 146(8), 04020065. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001237Díaz, S., González, J. 2021. Temporal scale effect analysis for water supply systems monitoring based on a microcomponent stochastic demand model. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 147(5), 04021023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001352Díaz, S., Mínguez, R., González, J. 2016. Stochastic approach to observability analysis in water networks. Ingeniería del Agua, 20(3), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2016.4625Dickinson, J.L., Zuckerberg, B., Bonter, D.N. 2010. Citizen science as an ecological research tool: challenges and benefits. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 41, 149-172. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636Domene, E., Saurí, D., Martí, X., Molina, J., Huelin, S. 2009. Tipologías de vivienda y consumo de agua en la región metropolitana de Barcelona. Fundación Nueva Cultura del Agua, Zaragoza, España.Filion, Y., Karney, B., Moughton, L., Buchberger, S., Adams, B. 2008. Cross correlation analysis of residential water demand in the city of Milford, Ohio. Proceedings of the Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium 2006, August 27-30, Cincinnati, USA. https://doi.org/10.1061/40941(247)43Follet, R., Strezov, V. 2015. An analysis of citizen science based research: usage and publication patterns. PLOS ONE, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143687INE. 2018. INEbase > Agricultura y medio ambiente > Agua > Estadística sobre el suministro y saneamiento del agua: consulta 19 Enero 2021. Disponible en https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176834&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735976602 [Último acceso 08/04/2021]INE. 2020. INEbase > Demografía y población: consulta 25 Julio 2020. Disponible en https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/categoria.htm?c=Estadistica_P&cid=1254734710984 [Último acceso 08/04/2021]Irwin, A. 1995. Citizen science: A study of people, expertise and sustainable development. Taylor & Francis, London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203202395Krabbenhoft, C.A., Kashian, D.R. 2020. Citizen science data are a relative complement to quantitative ecological assessments in urban rivers. Ecological Indicators, 116, 106476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106476Magini, R., Pallavicini, I., Guercio, R. 2008. Spatial and temporal scaling properties of water demand. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 134(3), 276-284. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:3(276)Ministerio de Fomento. 2019. Documento Básico HS: Salubridad. Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid, España.Pastor-Jabaloyes, L., Arregui, F.J., Cobacho, R. 2018a. Simplifying water consumption flow traces for improving end use recognition: a case study. Ingeniería del Agua, 22(4), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2018.9476Pastor-Jabaloyes, L., Arregui, F.J., Cobacho, R. 2018b. Water end use disaggregation based on soft computing techniques. Water, 10(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010046Peñalver, P.L., García, P., Pérez, V., Sánchez del Rivero, J.A., Díaz, R., Lastra, J., García, S. 2017. Sistema de reconocimiento de patrones para identificación de usos finales del agua en consumos domésticos. Cuaderno de I+D+i 25, Canal de Isabel II, Madrid, España.Red 4C. 2021. Disponible en https://red4c.es/ [Último acceso 08/04/2021]Senabre, E., Ferran-Ferrer, N., Perelló, J. 2018. Diseño participativo de experimentos de ciencia ciudadana. Revista Científica de Educomunicación, 54(26), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.3916/C54-2018-0

Functional Segregation of Resource-Use Strategies of Native and Invasive Plants Across Mediterranean Biome Communities

Functional segregation among species in a community depends on their mean trait values (i.e. functional distinctiveness), and the range of trait attributes exhibited by each species (i.e. functional diversity). Previous evidence suggests that invasive plants tend to display traits related to a more acquisitive resource-use strategy than natives. However, the contribution of intraspecific trait variation to functional diversity has received little attention in community ecology, and might provide interesting information about community processes. In this study, we used eight plant traits related to carbon and nutrient acquisition of coexisting dominant native and invasive plants in eight communities across the Mediterranean-climate biome to determine sources of functional segregation between native and invasive species. We found three major axes of functional variation, related to leaf economics, resource-use efficiency, and plant height. Invasive species across communities had leaf traits related to an acquisitive resource-use strategy in contrast to native species, whereas differences in the second and third axes were community dependent. Invasive species were more functionally diverse than native species across the dataset and in four out of the eight communities. Intraspecific variance accounted for 11%–27% of total trait variation and was on average greater in invasive species, and especially important in the axis related to resource use efficiency. These results, although dependent on the trait and community considered, offer interesting insights to the sources of functional trait diversity of native and invasive species within communities, indicating that intraspecific variation might not be equally distributed between native and invasive species

Functional assembly of grassland plant species in native communities in Spain and recipient communities in California

[EN] A major aim in invasion ecology is to understand the role of exotic species in plant communities. Whereas most studies have explored the traits of exotic species in the context of the introduced community, functional comparisons of entire assemblages of species in their native and introduced communities have rarely been analysed. Taking advantage of the unidirectional invasion of plant species of European origin (i.e. colonizers) into California, this study aims to investigate the relative importance of plant traits, environmental factors and invasion status in biological invasions. We compared the functional structure (i.e. trait composition and diversity) along resource availability gradients in recipient and native Mediterranean grassland communities in California and Spain, respectively. Traits were related to resource use in above-ground and below-ground organs and reproductive strategy. We also investigated how niche differences vary along environmental gradients between coexisting colonizer and native species assemblages within communities. There were clear differences in the functional structure of Mediterranean grassland communities between regions, which were associated with the resource availability gradient. Paradoxically, the most acquisitive communities occurred in resource-poor sites, highlighting that rapid acquisition and use of resources permit species to cope with environmental stress through stress avoidance. In Spain, colonizer species had greater specific leaf area than non-colonizers. Yet, differences between colonizer and non-colonizer species in Spain for other traits were mostly absent and did not change along the gradient. This might be a result of the greater native species richness as a consequence of the agricultural practices that have taken place in Europe for millennia and reflect that the entire species pool of grasslands is adapted to agricultural landscapes. In comparison, in California, colonizer species were more acquisitive in their use of resources than natives under favourable conditions, but functionally converged in resource-limited sites. Synthesis. These results underscore that the importance of niche differences between native and colonizer species as a community assembly mechanism is strongly subjected to the influence of habitat filtering. Trait comparisons are context dependent, and a correct interpretation of filtering processes in community assembly requires a regional perspective.S

Assessment by self-organizing maps of element release from sediments in contact with acidified seawater in laboratory leaching test conditions

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is gaining interest as a significant global option to reduce emissions of CO2. CCS development requires an assessment of the potential risks associated with CO2 leakages from storage sites. Laboratory leaching tests have proved to be a useful tool to study the potential mobilization of metals from contaminated sediment in a decreased-pH environment that mimics such a leakage event. This work employs a self-organizing map (SOM) tool to interpret and analyze the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn from equilibrium, column, and pH-dependent leaching tests. In these tests, acidified seawater is used for simulating different CO2 leakage scenarios. Classification was carried out detailing the mobilization of contaminants for environments of varying pH, liquid-to-solid ratio, and type of contact of the laboratory leaching tests. Component planes in the SOMs allow visualization of the results and the determination of the worst case of element release. The pH-dependent leaching test with initial addition of either base or acid was found to mobilize the highest concentrations of metals.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Project CTM 2011-28437-C02-01, ERDF included. MCMT was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness by F.P.I. fellowship N° BES-2012-053816

Linking functional composition moments of the sub-Mediterranean ecotone with environmental drivers

This article is part of the Research Topic Plant Diversity: The Key to Ecosystem Resilience in a Changing World[EN] Introduction: Functional trait-based approaches are extensively applied to the study of mechanisms governing community assembly along environmental gradients. These approaches have been classically based on studying differences in mean values among species, but there is increasing recognition that alternative metrics of trait distributions should be considered to decipher the mechanisms determining community assembly and species coexistence. Under this framework, the main aim of this study is to unravel the effects of environmental conditions as drivers of plant community assembly in sub- Mediterranean ecotones. Methods: We set 60 plots in six plant communities of a sub-Mediterranean forest in Central Spain, and measured key above- and belowground functional traits in 411 individuals belonging to 19 species, along with abiotic variables. We calculated community-weighted mean (CWM), skewness (CWS) and kurtosis (CWK) of three plant dimensions, and used maximum likelihood techniques to analyze how variation in these functional community traits was driven by abiotic factors. Additionally, we estimated the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to variation in CWM. Results and discussion: The first three axes of variation of the principal component analyses were related to three main plant ecological dimensions: Leaf Economics Spectrum, Root Economics Spectrum and plant hydraulic architecture, respectively. Type of community was the most important factor determining differences in the functional structure among communities, as compared to the role of abiotic variables. We found strong differences among communities in their CWMs in line with their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean), while differences in CWS and CWK indicate different trends in the functional structure among communities and the coexistence of different functional strategies, respectively. Moreover, changes in functional composition were primarily due to intraspecific variability. Conclusion: We observed a high number of strategies in the forest with the different communities spreading along the acquisitive-conservative axis of resource-use, partly matching their Eurosiberian-Mediterranean nature, respectively. Intraspecific trait variability, rather than species turnover, stood as the most relevant factor when analyzing functional changes and assembly patterns among communities. Altogether, our data support the notion that ecotones are ecosystems where relatively minor environmental shifts may result in changes in plant and functional compositionSIThis work was financially supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), being part of the project “the Functional Frontier among Mediterranean and Eurosiberian Plant Communities” (ECOFUMER, 441909701). ER and JG are respectively supported by a Marı́a Zambrano and a Margarita Salas fellowships funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation Plan. IP acknowledges funding from a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC2021-033081-I) funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation and co-funded by the European Union-Next Generation Plan funded by European Union-NextGenerationE

Corneal densitometry after photorefractive keratectomy, laser- assisted in situ keratomileusis, and small-incision lenticule extraction

Purpose: The aim of this study was to gain greater insight into the corneal densitometry changes occurring as a result of refractive surgery and to compare these changes across three widely used surgical techniques, namely, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis with a femtosecond laser (LASIK-FS), or ReLEx small-incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx SMILE). Patients and methods: Three hundred and thirty-six patients (184 male and 152 female patients) participated in this study. They were split into three groups according to the refractive surgery technique they had undergone: LASIK-FS (74 patients), PRK (153 patients), and ReLEx SMILE (109 patients). All participants underwent an exhaustive eye examination both before and after surgery. Pre- and postoperative corneal densitometry was measured using an Oculus Pentacam system. Results: The mean postoperative total corneal densitometry values were 16.53 ± 1.94 for the LASIK- FS group, 15.53 ± 1.65 for PRK, and 16.10 ± 1.54 for ReLEx SMILE. When corneal densitometry was analyzed for specific corneal areas, the values corresponding to the 0–2, 2–6, and 6–10 mm annuli were similar across the three surgical techniques. The only region in which differences were found was the peripheral area (Po0.05), but these variations across techniques were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Corneal densitometry can be used as an objective metric to assess corneal response to refractive surgery, and to monitor patients over time. Corneal densitometry was not negatively affected by any of the refractive surgical procedures under evaluation

Plant community assembly in invaded recipient californian grasslands and putative donor grasslands in Spain

The introduction of exotic species to new regions offers opportunities to test fundamental questions in ecology, such as the context-dependency of community structure and assembly. Annual grasslands provide a model system of a major unidirectional introduction of plant species from Europe to North America. We compared the community structure of grasslands in two Mediterranean regions by surveying plots in Spain and in California with similar environmental and management conditions. All species found in Spanish grasslands were native to Spain, and over half of them (74 of 139 species) are known to have colonized California. In contrast, in California, over half of the species (52 of 95 species) were exotic species, all of them native to Spain. Nineteen species were found in multiple plots in both regions (i.e., shared species). The abundance of shared species in California was either similar to (13 species) or greater than (6 species) in Spain. In California, plants considered pests were more likely than non-pest species to have higher abundance. Co-occurring shared species tended to maintain their relative abundance in native and introduced communities, which indicates that pools of exotic species might assemble similarly at home and away. These findings provide interesting insights into community assembly in novel ecosystems. They also highlight an example of startling global and local floristic homogenization.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PCI2018-09293

The Economics Spectrum Drives Root Trait Strategies in Mediterranean Vegetation

[EN] Extensive research efforts are devoted to understand fine root trait variation and to confirm the existence of a belowground root economics spectrum (RES) from acquisitive to conservative root strategies that is analogous to the leaf economics spectrum (LES). The economics spectrum implies a trade-off between maximizing resource acquisition and productivity or maximizing resource conservation and longevity; however, this theoretical framework still remains controversial for roots. We compiled a database of 320 Mediterranean woody and herbaceous species to critically assess if the classic economics spectrum theory can be broadly extended to roots. Fine roots displayed a wide diversity of forms and properties in Mediterranean vegetation, resulting in a multidimensional trait space. The main trend of variation in this multidimensional root space is analogous to the main axis of LES, while the second trend of variation is partially determined by an anatomical trade-off between tissue density and diameter. Specific root area (SRA) is the main trait explaining species distribution along the RES, regardless of the selected traits. We advocate for the need to unify and standardize the criteria and approaches used within the economics framework between leaves and roots, for the sake of theoretical consistency.S