Producing more rice with less water from irrigated systems

Irrigation management / Water use efficiency / Crop production / Water requirements / Water balance / Rice / Water distribution / Irrigated farming / Productivity / On-farm research / Irrigation scheduling / Groundwater / Conjunctive use / Rehabilitation / Modernization / Farmer participation / Farming systems / Irrigation systems / Crop-based irrigation / Asia / Philippines / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / China / Malaysia / USA

Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders’ behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes

Bystanders’ helping interventions in bias-based bullying are rare, although they have the potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage = 16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage =15.79) on assertive bystanders’ behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under- researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence (Espelage et al., 2018). Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying, when asked to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger female) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences found illustrate how adolescents vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern and threat; and also highlight the need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic bullying episodes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Path integrals and symmetry breaking for optimal control theory

This paper considers linear-quadratic control of a non-linear dynamical system subject to arbitrary cost. I show that for this class of stochastic control problems the non-linear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation can be transformed into a linear equation. The transformation is similar to the transformation used to relate the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation to the Schr\"odinger equation. As a result of the linearity, the usual backward computation can be replaced by a forward diffusion process, that can be computed by stochastic integration or by the evaluation of a path integral. It is shown, how in the deterministic limit the PMP formalism is recovered. The significance of the path integral approach is that it forms the basis for a number of efficient computational methods, such as MC sampling, the Laplace approximation and the variational approximation. We show the effectiveness of the first two methods in number of examples. Examples are given that show the qualitative difference between stochastic and deterministic control and the occurrence of symmetry breaking as a function of the noise.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JSTA

La enseñanza de las ciencias en algunas instituciones educativas del estado de jalisco

El objeto de investigación en este estudio es el diagnóstico de las prácticas y los saberes científicos de los agentes educativos, docentes y estudiantes, desde el nivel de educación preescolar hasta la educación superior tecnológica. La perspectiva es desde el marco de la cultura y el significado en uso. La investigación que se expone es descriptiva, de tipo diagnóstica, con un enfoque cualitativo. El método utilizado es la entrevista en grupos focales, con la intención de recuperar los significados referidos a la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y los saberes de las ciencias naturales y las matemáticas de los profesores del estado de Jalisco en México. Los reusltados dan pauta para conocer los significados cientìficos que cotidianamente utilizan los docentes y que se convierten en el referente desde donde enseñan las ciencias y las matemáticas

EVALUATION OF PRESSURE DROP IN FLOW OVER FIXED POROUS BED

Many studies are conducted about the dynamics of fluids in porous media, which generates a number of factors and problems are solved. In particular the phenomenon of pressure drop in flows on fixed bed, although fairly well in the form Ergun’s equation, still has certain inconsistencies with regard to the types of materials to be used in the packaging of the beds. The objective of this work is to study this phenomenon using some experiments reported in the literature to determine the pressure drop in fixed bed consisting of porous particles of açaí seed. Experimental studies were conducted to predict, and take into account the losses resulting from friction and inertia that showed strong dependence on velocity. The method of using the particular friction factor prediction as a way to replace the usual calculation and measurement of pressure drop. The analysis in the wind tunnel was made from different sizes of bed, with a decrease in arithmetic progressions corresponding to half the value of the diameter of the tube used in the test. Several bands of Reynolds number were also employed in order to be able to visualize how the phenomenon behaves on various tracks. For such a survey was necessary some parameters such as açaí seeds diameters, seed weight and volume occupied by the bed; these parameters are of vital importance in Ergun equation, because an important aspect of the phenomenon is the porosity which enters as a foundation in the theory of flow fixed bed. At the end of the study was found the divergence in big bands of the Reynolds number of the correlation between experimental data and the Ergun equation

Designing and Building a Wireless Network Prototype for the Management and Invoicing System of Real-Time Commands, Implemented to Smart Restaurants

This paper proposes a design and construction of a wireless network prototype for the management and invoicing system of real-time commands, which is implemented to smart bar-restaurants. It is mainly made up of three modules that are interlinked through Wi-fi wireless technology. The administration module provides all the information required for commands management and invoices to the user through the management module that uses touch-based devices, this generated information is sent directly to the preparation module. The communication of each module is performed with SQL searches on the database server developed on phpAdmin. An application was developed for each module in the Android Studio and NetBeans programming environments. The applied methodology is based on surveys that determine the prototype needs and requirements. For prototype validation, a series of tests were conducted on the integral operation and wireless communication range of the latter, establishing the maximum operating distance at 33.75 meters, so that the operation did not present malfuncions due to the Location dimensions are within range. Menu query times were verified obtaining that the system optimizes in 86.00% the time used in the traditional way. Significantly reduces command management time by 62.90%. There was no saturation in the network since the traffic generated only represented 2.76% of the router's capacity. It is recommended to hire a remote service to store the data. Keywords: wireless communication, data transmission, bandwidth, command, invoicing, wifi, system, modules. Resumen El presente artículo propone un diseño y construcción de un prototipo de red inalámbrica para la gestión y facturación de comandas en tiempo real, aplicado a la implementación de bares-restaurantes inteligentes. Está constituido por tres módulos que se comunican mediante tecnología Wi-fi. El módulo de administración proporciona la información necesaria para manejo de base de datos y facturas de usuario, el mismo que mediante el módulo de gestión utiliza dispositivos táctiles para generar pedidos, esta información es enviada directamente al módulo de preparación. La comunicación entre módulos se establece mediante consultas SQL para acceder a la base de datos creada en phpMyAdmin. Para cada módulo se desarrolló una aplicación en los entornos de programación Android Studio y NetBeans. La metodología aplicada en base a encuestas facilitó la determinación de necesidades y requerimientos del prototipo. Para la validación del sistema se realizaron pruebas sobre el funcionamiento íntegro y alcance de comunicación inalámbrica de este, estableciendo la distancia máxima de funcionamiento a los 33,75 metros, cumpliendo con las dimensiones del local en el que se implementó. Se verificaron tiempos de consulta de menú obteniendo que el sistema optimiza hasta un 86,00% los tiempos utilizados en la forma tradicional. Reduce notablemente el tiempo de toma de pedido en un 62,90%. No se presentó saturación de red ya que el tráfico generado representa el 2,76% de la capacidad del enrutador. Palabras clave: comunicación inalámbrica, transmisión de datos, ancho de banda, comanda, facturación, wifi, sistema, módulos

The Functional and Identity Indispensability Scale (FIIS)

This research further elaborated the concept of indispensability by developing and testing a new measure, the Functional and Identity Indispensability Scale (FIIS), to assess two dimensions on which groups can claim indispensability: functional indispensability and identity indispensability. In Study 1 we developed and validated the FIIS with a sample of 452 American college students. Results showed the expected two-factor structure and supported the prediction that identity and functional are two distinct, but related, forms of indispensability. FIIS showed a consistent structure across majority and minority members and the reliability of the two subscales was good. In Study 2, a sample of 154 White-American citizens evaluated the perceived indispensability (FIIS) of three minority groups: African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Asian-Americans. Results showed the scale’s sensitivity. Participants attributed greater identity (vs. functional) indispensability to African-Americans, whereas the pattern was reversed for Asian-Americans. No differences were found for Hispanic-Americans. Criterion validity was supported by (a) positive associations with competence and warmth, (b) negative associations with negative emotions and with social distance towards all minority group targets. The psychometric properties of the FIIS suggest its potential to be valuable addition to the existing literature on common identities and intergroup relations.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

New convolutions weighted by Hermite functions and their applications

We introduce eight new convolutions weighted by multi-dimensional Hermite functions, prove two Young-type inequalities, and exhibit their applications in different subjects. One application consists in the study of the solvability of a very general class of integral equations whose kernel depends on four different functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of such integral equations are here obtained.publishe