Papiloma de plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo cerebral : diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico

Se trata de una perra mestiza, de ocho años de edad y unos 30 kg de peso, con hemiparesis e inclinación de la cabeza hacia el lado izquierdo. Tras realizar una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) se identificó la lesión, compatible con una neoplasia, en fosa posterior a nivel del cuarto ventrículo cerebral. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en una craneotomía suboccipital que permitió el acceso a la fosa posterior, para poder así extraer el tumor. El resultado obtenido tras la cirugía se puede considerar satisfactorio, si tenemos en cuenta el alto grado de morbilidad que supone trabajar en esta regiónHerein, we report the case of an eight-year-old, 30 kg, female mixed-breed dog, with hemiparesis and left head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging led to identify the lession as a tumor in the caudal fossa of the fourth ventricle. The surgical treatment consisted of a suboccipital craniotomy, which allowed the access to the caudal fossa, and the xtirpation of the tumor. A satisfactory result was achieved after the surgery, if we consider the high sick rate involved when working in this region

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown on athletes' subjective vitality: The protective role of resilience and autonomous goal motives

The lockdown resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a huge impact on peoples' health. In sport specifically, athletes have had to deal with frustration of their objectives and changes in their usual training routines. The challenging and disruptive situation could hold implications for their well-being. This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on changes in athletes' reported eudaimonic well-being (subjective vitality) and goal motives (autonomous and controlled) over time (i.e., pre-lockdown and during lockdown). The relationship of resilience to changes in subjective vitality was also determined, and changes in athletes' goal motives were examined as potential mediators. Participants were 127 Spanish university athletes aged between 18 and 34 years (M = 21.14; SD = 2.77). Approximately 4 months before the start of the lockdown in Spain (T1), athletes responded to a questionnaire assessing their resilience, goal motives, and subjective vitality. Around 6 months later into the lockdown period (T2), athletes' goal motives and subjective vitality were assessed again. Growth modeling using hierarchical linear models revealed a significant decrease of autonomous goal motives and subjective vitality during the lockdown, but athletes did not show change over time in controlled goal motives. Path analysis, adjusting T2 measures for their corresponding T1 measures, showed that resilience significantly predicted changes in athletes' autonomous goal motives, which then accounted for changes in subjective vitality. The indirect effect was significant. Resilience did not predict changes in athletes' controlled goal motives. However, changes in controlled goal motives negatively predicted changes in subjective vitality during lockdown. The findings suggest negative impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on athletes' goal motives and eudaimonic well-being. Results also support the hypothesized mediational role of autonomous goal motives in the relationship between resilience and subjective vitality during the lockdown. As such, findings confirm the relevance of resilience to a key feature of athletes' eudaimonic well-being and the importance of enhancing their autonomous goal striving

Erratum: >A comparative study of the Si+O2\SiO+O reaction dynamics from quasiclassical trajectory and statistical based methods> [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 174307 (2008)]

Peer Reviewe

¿Apoyan los entrenadores la motivación de sus deportistas? Diferencias en la percepción del comportamiento

El objetivo de este trabajo era valorar la influencia de la percepción de apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) sobre la motivación intrínseca, disfrute, aburrimiento e intención de persistencia en el contexto deportivo de base, y como podía incidir la diferencia entre lo que los entrenadores creían proporcionar y lo que los deportistas percibían, en relación a dicho apoyo. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo 2 estudios diferentes. En el estudio 1 participaron 985 deportistas (M = 14,34; DT = 2,52) y se realizó un análisis de regresión, en el que se demostró la importancia de las percepciones de apoyo a las NPB sobre las variables analizadas. En función de estos resultados, se llevó a cabo el estudio 2, en el que participaron 91 entrenadores (M = 32,41; DT = 6,51) y 432 deportistas (M = 13,44; DT = 2,92), realizándose un análisis de diferencias entre grupos de entrenadores creados en función de la percepción de apoyo proporcionado y el apoyo percibido por los deportistas. Los resultados demostraron diferencias en la motivación intrínseca, aburrimiento e intención de persistencia entre los deportistas cuyos entrenadores creían proporcionar más apoyo a las NPB que el percibido por los atletas, respecto a aquellos cuyos entrenadores consideraban realizar un apoyo similar o inferior al percibido. Por tanto, los resultados hallados tienen implicaciones relevantes para explicar la adherencia deportiva en etapas de formación y en la consideración de los antecedentes motivacionales en el contexto deportivo.The aim of this study was focused on assessing the influence of perception of support for basic psychological needs (BPN) on variables such as intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, boredom, and intention to persist in the training sport context; and how this can affect the difference between what is provided and what coaches believe athletes perceive in relation to such support. To achieve this aim, two different studies were conducted. In the 1st study, 985 athletes participated (M = 14.34; SD = 2.52), and a regression analysis was performed, where the results showed the importance of perception of support for BPN in the variables analyzed. Regarding the outcomes found in the former section, the 2nd study was carried out, where 91 coaches (M = 32.41; SD = 6.51) and 432 athletes (M = 13.44; SD = 2.92) were involved, and an analysis of differences was conducted after the creation of groups of coaches formed with respect to the support given and the support perceived by athletes. The results show differences in intrinsic motivation, boredom and intention to persist between athletes whose coaches were believed to give more support for BPN than perceived by athletes, with respect to participants whose coaches were considered to give support similar to or lower than the perceived. Therefore, the outcomes found have relevant implications to explain sport adherence in training stages, as well as the consideration of motivational background in a sport context.O principal objectivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da percepção de apoio às necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) em variáveis como a motivação intrínseca, divertimento, aborrecimento e intenção para persistir no treino desportivo, e como isso pode afectar as diferenças entre o que fornecem e o que pensam os treinadores que os atletas percepcionam no que concerne a esse apoio. Para alcançar este objectivo, foram desenvolvidos dois trabalhos. No primeiro estudo participaram 985 atletas (M = 14.34; DP = 2.52), e foi realizada uma análise de regressão sendo que os resultados demonstraram a importância da percepção de apoio às NPB nas variáveis analisadas. Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos no estudo anterior, o segundo estudo foi levado a cabo com a participação de 91 treinadores (M = 32.41; DP = 6.51) e 432 atletas (M = 13.44; DP = 2.92), e uma análise de diferenças efectuada após a criação de grupos de treinadores formados com base no critério de apoio prestado e o apoio percebido pelos atletas. Os resultados revelam diferenças na motivação intrínseca, aborrecimento e intenção de persistir entre atletas cujos treinadores acreditavam fornecer mais apoio pa as as NPB que o percepcionado pelos atletas, relativamente aos participantes cujos treinadores consideravam fornecer igual ou inferior apoio ao percepcionado. Contudo, os resultados obtidos apresentam implicações relevantes na explicação da adesão às etapas do treino desportivo, bem como relativamente à consideração de antecedentes motivacionais no contexto desportivo

Sliding wear behavior of WC-Co-Cr3C2-VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques

[EN] The present work aims are to study the dry sliding wear behavior of WC-12 wt.%Co materials, with or without addition of Cr3C2/VC grain growth inhibitors, and to sinter them by two different consolidation techniques: conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The dry sliding wear tests were performed on a tribometer with a ball-on-disc configuration using a WC-Co ball as a counterpart material with a normal contact load of 60 N, a sliding distance of 10000 m and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. The influence of the grain growth inhibitors and the consolidation techniques in sintered samples were related to the friction coefficient, wear rates and wear pattern damage. Samples sintered by non-conventional technique (SPS) show the best wear resistance and lower friction coefficient. The addition of inhibitors reduces the wear rates in materials consolidated by both techniques. The differences in the wear damage are related to microstructural parameters, mechanical properties and wear ratesThe work is supported financially by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation by the project MAT2009-14144-C03-C02. L. Espinosa-Fernández, acknowledges the AECI program for the realization of the Ph.D in the ITM-UPV. A. Borrell, acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for her Juan de la Cierva contract (JCI-2011-10498)Espinosa-Fernández, L.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Gutierrez-González, C. (2013). Sliding wear behavior of WC-Co-Cr3C2-VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Wear. 307:60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.08.00S606730

Notes on the feeding habits of the Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae)

The Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae) is one of two aquatic West Indian snakes. Despite being a relatively common species in Cuba and the Cayman Islands, its feeding habits have been poorly stud­ied. Herein we report several new instances of predation by this species on fishes, frogs, and a freshwater crab. The latter represents the first record of durophagy in this species and the third snake reported as a crab eater in the West Indies. &nbsp

The Peña do Seo W-Sn deposit, NW Iberia: Petrology, fluid inclusions and O-H-S isotopes

The Peña do Seo W-Sn ore deposit in NW Iberia consists mainly of quartz veins hosted in schists. Vein mineralogy comprises wolframite, cassiterite and minor molybdenite. Peraluminous S-type granites and minor metaluminous granitoid breccias crop out in the same location. Whole rock geochemistry, mineral characterization, fluid inclusions and stable isotope geochemistry have been combined to infer hydrothermal mineralization conditions. A pre-ore stage (0) involving the alteration of host rocks, three stages of mineralization (I, II and III), and a supergene stage (IV) have been identified. Stage I (oxide-halide-sulfide stage) consisted of a cassiterite-pyrite-fluorite mineralization in granitoid breccias. Stage II (main oxide stage) involved wolframite-rich selvages and wolframite-cassiterite-(molybdenite) quartz veins. Stage III (main sulfide stage) consisted of a sulfide mineralization in quartz veins comprising pyrite and minor arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Three types of fluid inclusions were found in vein quartz: (1) aqueous two-phase inclusions, with homogenization temperatures (Th) between 445 °C and 280 °C and moderate salinities (9–14 wt% NaCl eq.), (2) aqueous-carbonic three-phase fluid inclusions, with Th from 340 °C to 260 °C and low salinities (2–7 wt% NaCl eq.), and (3) aqueous two-phase fluid inclusions, with Th from 270 °C to 155 °C and low salinities (0–6 wt% NaCl eq.). δ18O values in quartz from mineralized veins range from +11.2‰ to +13.4‰, and between +15.0‰ and +15.4% in quartz from mineralized granitoid breccias. δ34S values in sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite) range between +13.0 ‰ and +37.1 ‰, thus suggesting a marine source of sulfate and possible equilibration with host-rock sulfides. δD values in muscovite and chlorite from quartz veins range between −105.7 ‰ and −71.5 ‰ and between −69.4 ‰ and −67.1 ‰, respectively, indicating a transition from magmatic to magmatic-metamorphic conditions. An aqueous (H2O–NaCl) magmatic-hydrothermal fluid led to the W-Sn mineralization, as deduced from the studied fluid inclusions and isotopic signatures. High W and Sn contents in the peraluminous granites indicate that the W-Sn mineralization in Peña do Seo could partially be related to the granites and granitoid breccias. Whereas the Sn (±W) likely derived from hydrothermal fluids exsolving from the crystallizing magmas, host quartz schists would have supplied other elements required for wolframite deposition such as Fe and Mn. Sulfide mineralization in stage III was probably driven by fluid dilution.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEINTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal Cooperation Programme, 2014-20Junta de Castilla y Leónpu

Mapping giant mass transport deposits (MTDs) for delineating the extended Continental Shelf of Spain to the West of Canary Islands according UNCLOS Art. 76

European Geosciences Union General Assembly (2017. Viena)On 19 December 2014, Spain presented a third partial submission for the delineation of the Extended Continental in the area west of the Canary Islands to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS). The Canary Islands are located within a NE-SW 1,350 km long ridge of hotspot-inferred volcanic islands and seamounts (composed by more of 100, from Lars to Tropic seamounts). This submission has been documented with an extensive dataset specifically obtained for the project during ten oceanographic cruises between 2010 and 2014 aboard the Spanish research vessels Hespérides, Sarmiento de Gamboa and Miguel Oliver. This new dataset allows to investigate an area of 440,000 km2 with acoustic backscatter images and multibeam echosounder bathymetric (MBES) data (Simrad EM-12, EM-120 and EM-302, and Atlas HYDROSWEEP DS), a dense network of 65,800 km of very-high resolution (VHR) seismic lines (including chirp parametric source TOPAS PS-18 and Atlas PARASOUND P-35) and 4,471 km of multichannel seismic reflection lines (MCS) acquired with an array of air-guns yielding a total volume of 4,600 inch3 (75.38 L) and a 3,500 m long streamer composed of 280 channels.Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaInstituto Español de Oceanografía, EspañaInstituto Hidrográfico de la Marina, Españ

A Columnar Liquid Crystal with Permanent Polar Order

The self-assembly of axial dipolar subphthalocyanine molecules in the presence of electric fields leads to uniaxially oriented columnar liquid crystalline materials that exhibit permanent polarizationFunding from MINECO (MAT2012-38538-CO3-01, 02 and CTQ2012- 31914), MICINN and MEC (F.P.U. fellowship (JG), CTQ-2011- 24187/BQU, CTQ2011-23659 and Consolider-Ingenio Nanociencia Molecular, CDS2007-00010), Comunidad de Madrid (MADRISOLAR-2, S2009/PPQ/1533), European Research Council (StG-279548), Aragon government, E04, Basque Country Government GI/IT-449-10, Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/ 2012/053), and FEDER is acknowledge

Dry-sliding wear behavior of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3-NbC nanocomposites produced by conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering

[EN] This work presents the initial results of the dry-sliding wear behavior of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia reinforced with 5 vol% alumina-niobium carbide (3Y-TZP/5 vol% Al2O3-NbC) nanocomposites sintered by conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering methods in the temperature range of 1350-1450 degrees C. The reinforcement of 3Y-TZP matrix with hard nanoparticles aimed to improve wear strength of the composites. Wear tests were performed by the ball-on-disc method using alumina (Al2O3) and tungsten carbide with 6 wt% cobalt cermet (WC-6%Co) balls as counter-materials, a load of 15 N, a sliding distance of 2000 m, and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. Wear behavior was evaluated in terms of wear rate and FE-SEM micrograph analysis of the wear tracks. The nanocomposite sintered at 1450 degrees C by conventional sintering exhibited the least wear when tested with the WC-6%Co ball. Generally, the wear mechanism showed evidence of severe wear regime with both counter-materials.The authors acknowledge the Brazilian institutions CAPES-PVE (grant number 23038.009604/2013-12), FAPESP (grant number 2015/07319-8), Fundação Araucária (grant number 810/2014), European Union/Erasmus Mundus for doctorate mobility (grant number EB15DM1542), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2016-20915).Salem, R.; Gutiérrez-González, C.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Chinelatto, AL.; Chinelatto, AS.; Pallone, E. (2019). Dry-sliding wear behavior of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3-NbC nanocomposites produced by conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 16(3):1265-1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13151S12651273163Liu, H., Zhao, W., Ji, Y., Cui, J., Chu, Y., & Rao, P. (2017). Determination of fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics with different yttria concentrations by SEVNB method. Ceramics International, 43(13), 10572-10575. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.04.064Ćorić, D., Majić Renjo, M., & Ćurković, L. (2017). Vickers indentation fracture toughness of Y-TZP dental ceramics. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 64, 14-19. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.12.016De Aza, A. H., Chevalier, J., Fantozzi, G., Schehl, M., & Torrecillas, R. (2002). Crack growth resistance of alumina, zirconia and zirconia toughened alumina ceramics for joint prostheses. Biomaterials, 23(3), 937-945. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00206-xAragón-Duarte, M. C., Nevarez-Rascón, A., Esparza-Ponce, H. E., Nevarez-Rascón, M. M., Talamantes, R. P., Ornelas, C., … Hurtado-Macías, A. (2017). Nanomechanical properties of zirconia- yttria and alumina zirconia- yttria biomedical ceramics, subjected to low temperature aging. Ceramics International, 43(5), 3931-3939. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.033Balko, J., Csanádi, T., Sedlák, R., Vojtko, M., KovalĿíková, A., Koval, K., … Naughton-Duszová, A. (2017). Nanoindentation and tribology of VC, NbC and ZrC refractory carbides. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(14), 4371-4377. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.04.064Alecrim, L. R. R., Ferreira, J. A., Gutiérrez-González, C. F., Salvador, M. D., Borrell, A., & Pallone, E. M. J. A. (2017). Effect of reinforcement NbC phase on the mechanical properties of Al2O3-NbC nanocomposites obtained by spark plasma sintering. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 64, 255-260. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.10.021Alecrim, L. R. R., Ferreira, J. A., Gutiérrez-González, C. F., Salvador, M. D., Borrell, A., & Pallone, E. M. J. A. (2017). Sliding wear behavior of Al2O3-NbC composites obtained by conventional and nonconventional techniques. Tribology International, 110, 216-221. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.028Santos, C., Maeda, L. D., Cairo, C. A. A., & Acchar, W. (2008). Mechanical properties of hot-pressed ZrO2–NbC ceramic composites. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 26(1), 14-18. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2007.01.008Ünal, N., Kern, F., Öveçoğlu, M. L., & Gadow, R. (2011). Influence of WC particles on the microstructural and mechanical properties of 3mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 matrix composites produced by hot pressing. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31(13), 2267-2275. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.05.032Sequeira, S., Fernandes, M. H., Neves, N., & Almeida, M. M. (2017). Development and characterization of zirconia–alumina composites for orthopedic implants. Ceramics International, 43(1), 693-703. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.216Schmitt-Radloff, U., Kern, F., & Gadow, R. (2017). Wire-electrical discharge machinable alumina zirconia niobium carbide composites – Influence of NbC content. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(15), 4861-4867. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.07.014Akatsu, T., Nakanishi, S., Tanabe, Y., Wakai, F., & Yasuda, E. (2013). Toughening enhanced at elevated temperatures in an alumina/zirconia dual-phase matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 33(15-16), 3157-3163. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.05.029Lee, D.-J., Choi, H.-S., Jin, F.-L., & Park, S.-J. (2015). A study on mechanical properties and microstructure of tetragonal zirconia-based composites. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 27, 322-328. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2015.01.008Salem, R. E. P., Monteiro, F. R., Gutiérrez-González, C. F., Borrell, A., Salvador, M. D., Chinelatto, A. S. A., … Pallone, E. M. J. A. (2018). Effect of Al2O3-NbC nanopowder incorporation on the mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3-NbC nanocomposites obtained by conventional and spark plasma sintering. Ceramics International, 44(2), 2504-2509. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.235Schmitt-Radloff, U., Kern, F., & Gadow, R. (2018). Spark plasma sintering and hot pressing of ZTA-NbC materials – A comparison of mechanical and electrical properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 38(11), 4003-4013. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.04.022Pędzich, Z., Haberko, K., Faryna, M., & Sztwiertnia, K. (2002). Interphase Boundary in Zirconia – Carbide Particulate Composites. Key Engineering Materials, 223, 221-226. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.223.221Acchar, W., Zollfrank, C., & Greil, P. (2004). Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co reinforced with NbC. Materials Research, 7(3), 445-450. doi:10.1590/s1516-14392004000300012Guillon, O., Gonzalez‐Julian, J., Dargatz, B., Kessel, T., Schierning, G., Räthel, J., & Herrmann, M. (2014). Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments. Advanced Engineering Materials, 16(7), 830-849. doi:10.1002/adem.201300409Munir, Z. A., Anselmi-Tamburini, U., & Ohyanagi, M. (2006). The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: A review of the spark plasma sintering method. Journal of Materials Science, 41(3), 763-777. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-6555-2Lu, K. (2008). Sintering of nanoceramics. International Materials Reviews, 53(1), 21-38. doi:10.1179/174328008x254358Borrell, A., Fernández, A., Torrecillas, R., Córdoba, J. M., Avilés, M. A., & Gotor, F. J. (2010). Spark Plasma Sintering of Ultrafine TiCxN1−x Powders Synthesized by a Mechanically Induced Self-Sustaining Reaction. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 93(8), 2252-2256. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03735.xBonache, V., Salvador, M. D., Fernández, A., & Borrell, A. (2011). Fabrication of full density near-nanostructured cemented carbides by combination of VC/Cr3C2 addition and consolidation by SPS and HIP technologies. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 29(2), 202-208. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2010.10.007Gutiérrez-Mora, F., Cano-Crespo, R., Rincón, A., Moreno, R., & Domínguez-Rodríguez, A. (2017). Friction and wear behavior of alumina-based graphene and CNFs composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(12), 3805-3812. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.02.024Wei, J., Lin, B., Wang, H., Sui, T., Yan, S., Zhao, F., … Fang, S. (2018). Friction and wear characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix (Cf/SiC) composite and zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic under dry condition. Tribology International, 119, 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.10.023Fan, H., Hu, T., Zhang, Y., Fang, Y., Song, J., & Hu, L. (2014). Tribological properties of micro-textured surfaces of ZTA ceramic nanocomposites under the combined effect of test conditions and environments. Tribology International, 78, 134-141. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2014.05.010Gee, M., & Nunn, J. (2017). Real time measurement of wear and surface damage in the sliding wear of alumina. Wear, 376-377, 1866-1876. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.114Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., Tian, W., Bian, H., & He, J. (2009). Sliding wear behaviors of in situ alumina/aluminum titanate ceramic composites. Wear, 266(11-12), 1051-1057. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.006Krell, A. (1996). Improved hardness and hierarchic influences on wear in submicron sintered alumina. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 209(1-2), 156-163. doi:10.1016/0921-5093(95)10155-1Botta F, W. ., Tomasi, R., Pallone, E. M. J. ., & Yavari, A. . (2001). Nanostructured composites obtained by reactive milling. Scripta Materialia, 44(8-9), 1735-1740. doi:10.1016/s1359-6462(01)00789-8Pallone, E. M. J. ., Trombini, V., Botta F, W. ., & Tomasi, R. (2003). Synthesis of Al2O3–NbC by reactive milling and production of nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 143-144, 185-190. doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00411-4ASTM G99‐03 Standard test method for wear testing with a pin‐on‐disc apparatus ASTM Annual Book of Standards vol.03. West Conshohocken PA;2003.Chen, W.-H., Lin, H.-T., Chen, J., Nayak, P. K., Lee, A. C., Lu, H.-H., & Huang, J.-L. (2016). Microstructure and wear behavior of spark plasma sintering sintered Al2O3/WC-based composite. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 54, 279-283. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.07.030Espinosa-Fernández, L., Borrell, A., Salvador, M. D., & Gutierrez-Gonzalez, C. F. (2013). Sliding wear behavior of WC–Co–Cr3C2–VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Wear, 307(1-2), 60-67. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2013.08.003Bundschuh, W., & Gahr, K.-H. Z. (1991). Influence of porosity on friction and sliding wear of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. Wear, 151(1), 175-191. doi:10.1016/0043-1648(91)90356-yBayer, R. J. (2004). Mechanical Wear Fundamentals and Testing, Revised and Expanded. doi:10.1201/9780203021798Zum Gahr, K.-H. (1989). Sliding wear of ceramic-ceramic, ceramic-steel and steel-steel pairs in lubricated and unlubricated contact. Wear, 133(1), 1-22. doi:10.1016/0043-1648(89)90109-9Kato, K., & Adachi, K. (2002). Wear of advanced ceramics. Wear, 253(11-12), 1097-1104. doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00240-5Pasaribu, H. R., Sloetjes, J. W., & Schipper, D. J. (2004). The transition of mild to severe wear of ceramics. Wear, 256(6), 585-591. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2003.10.025Wang, S. W., Chen, L. D., Hirai, T., & Kang, Y. S. (1999). Journal of Materials Science Letters, 18(14), 1119-1121. doi:10.1023/a:1006684631127Muñoz, S., & Anselmi-Tamburini, U. (2012). Parametric investigation of temperature distribution in field activated sintering apparatus. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 65(1-4), 127-140. doi:10.1007/s00170-012-4155-7Xiong, Y., Fu, Z. Y., Wang, H., Wang, Y. C., & Zhang, Q. J. (2005). Microstructure and IR transmittance of spark plasma sintering translucent AlN ceramics with CaF2 additive. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 123(1), 57-62. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2005.06.02