Multiculturalismo e educação: do protesto de rua a propostas e políticas

The present article follows on some of the elements investigated in a previous text by the authors entitled "Spotting the differences: multiculturalism and its contexts". Considering the profound changes undergone by the context of debate of this theme in Brazil, new issues are raised here which, in the authors view, have been only touched upon in the discussions in the field of education, since those discussions tend to focus on multiculturalism as if it were a movement exclusively related to the school or to education. It is the authors' intention to highlight the fact that, before being introduced into the educational field, expressions of multiculturalism were felt in the arts, in social movements, and in politics. The authors point out how multiculturalism implies the recognition of differences, the right to difference, questioning the kind of treatment that identities have been given in traditional democracies. Finally, the article also intends to draw attention to the significance of the context of each multicultural society in the definition of education proposals and policies. At the international level, reactions against ethnocentrism have not always taken the direction of multiculturality; one can find multicultural proposals as well as ethnically centered ones. The authors conclude that a multicultural education will require a large effort to deconstruct categories. Failure to do that can result in the issue of cultural plurality, advocated by the National Curriculum Parameters, being treated in the classrooms on the basis of meanings that kindle and renew prejudiced and discriminatory discourses and attitudes.No presente artigo retomam-se alguns elementos analisados em estudo anterior de nossa autoria, intitulado "O jogo das diferenças: o multiculturalismo e seus contextos". Considerando as profundas modificações no contexto do debate brasileiro sobre o tema, abordam-se aqui novas questões que, no nosso entender, têm ficado na superfície das discussões no campo da educação, na medida em que elas tendem a focalizar o multiculturalismo como se fosse unicamente um movimento escolar ou educacional. Pretende-se salientar que, antes de serem introduzidas no campo educacional, expressões do multiculturalismo se fazem presentes nas artes, nos movimentos sociais, em políticas. Aponta-se como o multiculturalismo implica o reconhecimento da diferença, o direito à diferença, colocando em questão o tipo de tratamento que as identidades tiveram e vêm tendo nas democracias tradicionais. Finalmente, o artigo pretende também chamar a atenção para o peso do contexto de cada sociedade multicultural na definição de propostas e políticas, em educação. No plano internacional, nem sempre a reação contra o etnocentrismo seguiu na direção da multiculturalidade; encontramos tanto propostas nesse sentido como alternativas etnicamente centradas. Conclui-se que uma educação multicultural exigirá um grande trabalho de desconstrução de categorias, caso contrário, o tema da pluralidade cultural, preconizado pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, tenderá a ser tratado nas salas de aula, com significações que acentuam e atualizam discursos e atitudes preconceituosas e discriminatórias

CONSEQUÊNCIAS DO TRAUMA PÉLVICO EM CÃES

Fractures of the pelvis are common and may be accompanied by injuries to vital structures. Conservative treatment or surgery is usually recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of pelvic trauma in dogs and the results of clinical and surgical treatment. Twenty animals with fracture of the pelvis were used. The treatment, surgical or conservative, was primarily based on the type of fracture, extent of injuries and resources availability. 85% of the animals showed iliac fracture; 80% of the cases were bilateral pelvicfracture, and concurrent disorders, such as skin lesions, dyschesia, limb and column fracture, colon, urinary tract or diaphragm rupture, head trauma and death, were observed. In patients who underwent surgery there was recovery of ambulation, with full recovery after 90 days. This result was not repeated in patients which underwent conservative treatment. The surgical stabilization of bone segments provided clear pain reduction after seven days, increasing life quality and reducing the need for nursing, while 55% of the animals that were not operated died and other two had to be operated to correct complications as a result of the lack of previous surgical correction. The results indicate that, in dogs with pelvic trauma, surgical resolution should be primarily sought, and the presence ofother concomitant organic disabling injuries or with the potential to lead to death should be verified

Eccentric strength assessment of hamstring muscles with new technologies: a systematic review of current methods and clinical implications

Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes

Loudness scattering due to vibro-acoustic model variability

The use of numerical simulation in the design and evaluation of products performance is ever increasing. To a greater extent, such estimates are needed in a early design stage, when physical prototypes are not available. When dealing with vibro-acoustic models, known to be computationally expensive, a question remains, which is related to the accuracy of such models in view of the well-know variability inherent to the mass manufacturing production techniques. In addition, both academia and industry have recently realized the importance of actually listening to a products sound, either by measurements or by virtual sound synthesis, in order to assess its performance. In this work, the scatter of significant parameter variations on a simplified vehicle vibro-acoustic model is calculated on loudness metrics using Monte Carlo analysis. The mapping from the system parameters to sound quality metric is performed by a fully-coupled vibro-acoustic finite element model. Different loudness metrics are used, including overall sound pressure level expressed in dB and Specific Loudness in Sones. Sound quality equivalent sources are used to excite this model and the sound pressure level at the driver's head position is acquired to be evaluated according to sound quality metrics. No significant variation has been perceived when evaluating the system using regular sound pressure level expressed in in dB and dB(A). This happens because of the third-octave filters that averages the results under some frequency bands. On the other hand, Zwicker Loudness presents important variations, arguably, due to the masking effects

Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications

[EN] Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between- limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athlete

In Vivo

The species Kalanchoe brasiliensis, known as “Saião,” has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antihistamine activities. It also has the quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids, which exert their therapeutic activities. With extensive popular use besides the defined therapeutical properties, the study of possible side effects is indispensable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity in vitro and in vivo from the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of K. brasiliensis. The action of the extract (concentrations from 0.1 to 1000 uL/100 uL) in normal and tumor cells was evaluated using the MTT method. Acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity were evaluated in mice with doses of 250 to 1000 mg/kg orally, following recognized protocols. The in vitro results indicated cytotoxic activity for 3T3 cell line (normal) and 786-0 (kidney carcinoma), showing the activity to be concentration-dependent, reaching 92.23% cell inhibition. In vivo, the extract showed no significant toxicity; only liver changes related to acute toxicity and some signs of liver damage, combining biochemical and histological data. In general, the extract showed low or no toxicity, introducing itself as safe for use with promising therapeutic potential

Abortamento incompleto na gravidez ectopica cervical: um relato de caso / Incomplete abortion in cervical ectopic pregnancy: a case report

A gravidez ectópica cervical representa 0,1% das gestações e menos de 1% das implantações ectópicas. Caracteriza-se por sangramento vaginal volumoso no 1° trimestre e o diagnóstico se dá por ?-hCG positivo e ultrassonografia transvaginal (USTV) ou ressonância magnética (RM). O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar o manejo conservador optado perante um caso de abortamento incompleto em uma gestação ectópica cervical, uma vez que não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum suporte objetivo para o manejo do caso da paciente em questão

Evaluation of the effectiveness of preparatory courses for medical residency admission tests

In Brazil there are not enough vacancies for Medical Residency (MR) and a very high competition for vacancies in certain specialties and regions. This favors the establishment of Preparatory Courses (PCs) for MR tests. Medical students have been increasingly neglecting their curricular activities for en rolling in these Preparatory Courses. For evaluating the effectiveness of these courses, a questionnaire was applied to the candidates for MR at the University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora. 74.7% from the 368 applicants agreed to participate in the study, most of which (72%) were frequenting PCs. There was no significant difference in the rate of approval among the candidates who had prepared themselves in PCs and those who did not. On the other hand, the average grade of the candidates that took PCs was 4.07 points higher (66.89 versus 62.82, p < 0.05). It is concluded that in the traditional evaluation model, whose theoretical test corresponds to 90% of the final grade, the preparation of the students who took PCs is more effective, valuing memorization above medical abilities. Thus, the 50/50 model, in which the practical test corresponds to 50% of the final grade, can be considered an adequate proposal.No Brasil, há um déficit de vagas para Residência Médica (RM) e maior concorrência em determinadas especialidades ou regiões, propiciando o crescimento dos Cursos Preparatórios (CPs) para provas de RM. Os acadêmicos, cada vez mais, deixam atividades curriculares em segundo plano e se matriculam nesses cursinhos. Mediante um questionário dirigido aos candidatos do concurso de RM do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF), realizou-se um estudo para avaliar a efetividade da preparação de alunos em CPs. A adesão foi de 74,7% dos 368 concorrentes, sendo que a maioria freqüentou CPs (72%). Não houve diferença significativa de aprovação entre os candidatos que se prepararam em CPs e os que não os freqüentaram. Já a média das notas dos candidatos que freqüentaram CPs foi 4,07 pontos maior (66,89 contra 62,82, p < 0,05). Conclui-se que, no modelo tradicional de avaliação, cuja prova teórica corresponde a 90% da nota final, a preparação dos alunos que freqüentaram CPs é mais eficaz, o que enaltece a memorização em detrimento de habilidades médicas. Nesse contexto, pode-se considerar o modelo 50/50, em que a prova prática corresponde a 50% da nota final, uma proposta adequada

Simulação numérica e Constructal design aplicados à flambagem Elástica de placas finas de aço

O fenômeno de flambagem ocorre quando elementos estruturais esbeltos são submetidos a cargas de compressão axial. Além disso, em muitas situações é necessário que existam perfurações nestas placas. Neste artigo o método Constructal Design, baseado na Teoria Constructal, foi utilizado para avaliar a influência da geometria do furo em placas finas de aço submetidas à flambagem elástica. Para isso, furos do tipo retangular, elíptico e oblongo, centralizados na placa, foram considerados. A geometria desses furos foi variada considerando o grau de liberdade H0/L0, que relaciona as dimensões características de cada tipo de perfuração. Além disso, todos os furos analisados possuem a mesma fração de volume (), que representa a relação entre o volume da perfuração e o volume da placa sem furo. A função objetivo é maximizar a carga crítica das placas perfuradas. Para tanto, o software ANSYS, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), foi empregado para determinar numericamente a carga crítica de flambagem em cada caso. Foi observada a importância da configuração geométrica nas busca por performances superiores: através de uma simples variação na geometria do furo, mantendo fixa sua fração volumétrica, foi possível obter cargas críticas até 143,40 % superiores quando comparados às obtidas com as piores geometrias

AVALIAÇÃO PSICOMOTORA EM CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL

Atualmente no Brasil estima-se que pelo menos 38 milhões de pessoas sejam deficientes visuais (DV) e a Organização Mundial da Saúde estima que em um futuro próximo este número aumente. Esta deficiência pode ocasionar alterações nas atividades de vida diárias das crianças, podendo ser responsável por um possível atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor das mesmas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento psicomotor de crianças institucionalizadas com DV. Para isso, foi feito um grupo experimental (GE) com 6 crianças com DV (média de idade cronológica de 6±0,894 anos) e um controle (GC) composto por 9 sem DV (média de idade cronológica de 8,11±1,763 anos), respectivamente frequentadores da Associação Filantrópica de Proteção aos Cegos e Lar Santa Filomena ambos situados na cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. Todos foram avaliados por testes psicomotores pela na Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) de Vitor da Fonseca. A análise dos resultados foi descritiva e analítica submetida ao teste “t” de Student seguido do teste de Mann-whitney e adotando-se