INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS DE ORIGEN ANIMAL

GUÍA PEDAGÓGIC

INDUSTRIALIZACION DE PRODUCTOS DE ORIGEN ANIMAL

MANUAL PARA PRACTICAS DE LABORATORIO, TALLER U OTRA AREA DE APOYO A LA DOCENCI

Aportaciones a los estudios económico-administrativos. Reflexiones teóricas y evidencias empíricas

La economía y la administración están inmersas en el universo de las ciencias sociales, áreas del conocimiento que comprenden dominios diferentes, pero también convergen y se intersectan en un objeto de estudio: las organizacienones y sus agregados (industrias o sectores). Desde una perspectiva social, los estudios económico-administrativos informan sobre cómo hacer eficientes a las organizaciones y competitivos a los sectores con la finalidad de impactar positivamente en la justicia social (por ejemplo: mediante productos de mejor calidad a mejores precios). El auge de este tipo de estudios está extendido a fenómenos clave en el mundo de hoy, tales como: la ventaja competitiva, la innovación, la administración de la cadena de suministros y la administración verde, entre otros.El objetivo de este libro es difundir las aportaciones hechas a los estudios económico-administrativos, ya sea como reflexiones teóricas o a modo de evidencia empírica, pues la conjunción de varias ciencias ayuda a comprender fenómenos complejos mejor que una disciplina en forma aislada. Más que la homogeneidad de teorías o hegemonía de unas sobre otras, la investigación interdisciplinaria construye un acercamiento a la diversidad de puntos de vista: se buscan factores, métodos o lenguajes comunes alrededor de un objeto de estudio (Fernández, 2009; Martínez, 1997), llegándose a conformar una comunidad científica con antecedentes disciplinarios diferentes, pero con cierta unidad, relaciones y acciones recíprocas (Kuhn, 1995). Así, en este texto el objeto de estudio es el funcionamiento e interacción de las organizaciones, como integrantes de los sectores económicos, en los mercados locales y globales. La comunidad científica está conformada por investigadores y egresados del Doctorado en Ciencias Económico-Administrativas, el cual nace en 2006 en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, a cargo de la Dependencia de Educación Superior (DES) Económico-Administrativa

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

VITAMINAS HIDROSOLUBLES

SÓLO VISIÓN PROYECTABLE

BIOQUIMICA

MANUAL PARA PRACTICAS DE LABORATORIO, TALLER U OTRA AREA DE APOYO A LA DOCENCI

Comportamento produtivo e aspecto histológico do intestino delgado e apêndice cecal de coelhos alimentados com triticale com adição de xilanase

The objective was to evaluate the addition of xylanase on the productive performance and histological aspects of the small intestine and cecal appendix of rabbits fed diets containing triticale. 120 rabbits were randomly distributed to one of the four treatments differentiating them from the inclusion of xylanase (0, 4000, 8000 y 12000 XU/kg, respectively), the animals were weighed weekly and at the end of the experimental period, the rabbits were slaughtered taking samples of the duodenum, jejunum and cecal appendix to perform the technique of staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). An analysis of variance was performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (2002) and Tukey’s test. The addition of xylanase enzyme increased (p<0.05) the live weight at day 4 and 7 of the rabbits and increased (p<0.05) the areas of intestinal villi of the duodenum, jejunum and cecal appendix.El objetivo fue evaluar la adición de la xilanasa sobre el comportamiento productivo y aspectos histológicos del intestino delgado y apéndice cecal de conejos alimentados con dietas a base triticale. Se utilizaron 120 conejos distribuidos al azar a uno de los cuatro tratamientos diferenciándolos de la inclusión de la xilanasa (0, 4000, 8000 y 12000 XU/kg, respectivamente), se realizó el pesaje de los animales semanalmente y finalizado el periodo experimental, se procedió al sacrificio de los conejos tomando muestras del duodeno, yeyuno y el apéndice cecal para realizar la técnica de tinción con Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Se realizo un análisis de varianza utilizando el procedimiento GLM del SAS (2002) y la prueba de Tukey. La adición de la enzima xilanasa aumento (p<0.05) el peso vivo en el día 4 y 7 de los conejos, e incremento (p<0.05) las áreas de las vellosidades intestinales del duodeno, yeyuno y apéndice cecal.O objetivo foi avaliar a adição de xilanase no desempenho produtivo e aspectos histológicos do intestino delgado e apêndice cecal de coelhos alimentados com dietas à base de triticale. Foram utilizados 120 coelhos distribuídos aleatoriamente em um dos quatro tratamentos, diferenciando-os da inclusão de xilanase (0, 4000, 8000 e 12000 XU/kg, respectivamente), os animais foram pesados ​​semanalmente e ao final do período experimental, o coelhos foram sacrificados, coletando-se amostras do duodeno, jejuno e apêndice cecal para realizar a técnica de coloração de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Uma análise de variância foi realizada utilizando o procedimento GLM do SAS (2002) e o teste de Tukey. A adição da enzima xilanase aumentou (p<0,05) o peso vivo nos dias 4 e 7 dos coelhos, e aumentou (p<0,05) as áreas das vilosidades intestinais do duodeno, jejuno e apêndice cecal

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field