El porvenir del Senado

Jaime Ferri Durá. Madrid: Temas del Senado, 2009, 633 pp

Documentación y adquisición terminográficas basadas en el conocimiento: el caso de la interpretación

Fruto del estudio llevado a cabo con los estudiantes en prácticas de interpretación durante los últimos cuatro años, se propone una nueva aproximación a la fase de documentación ante un encargo de interpretación. Para optimizar la interpretación, la documentación deja de ser una mera recopilación sistemática de equivalencias para dar paso a un proceso en el que el intérprete debe reconocer, analizar y estudiar las jerarquías terminológicas del dominio en cuestión, una labor que inevitablemente conlleva la adquisición de conocimiento experto que el intérprete ha de incorporar a su propia base de conocimiento. Esta estructuración mental subyacente actúa como una plataforma que le facilitará el establecimiento de correspondencias entre los conceptos y sus distintas representaciones lingüísticas, unas redes que variarán en función de criterios pragmáticos a los que el intérprete debe atender en todo momento

Plastic fiber-optic probes for characterizing fluidized beds in bubbling regime

Bubble measurements on a fluidized bed in bubbling regime using optical fibre probes (OFP) are reported. Comparisons between commercial pressure transducers (PT) measurements and OFP have also been carried out. OFP are able to detect smaller bubbles than the PT and reflect more localized phenomena in the bed.Publicad

La construcción mediática de la comunidad política: la prensa en la transición española a la democracia

El artículo analiza el comportamiento y las actitudes adoptadas por la prensa española durante el primer periodo de la transición a la democracia (noviembre de 1975-diciembre de 1978), momento en el que se realizaron los cambios políticos e institucionales más relevantes del proceso. Desde diversas perspectivas se explica el papel que jugaron los principales periódicos, así como las razones que les llevaron al consenso en los temas fundamentales de discusión pública. De esta forma, se constata cómo los medios de comunicación colaboraron de forma decisiva en la construcción de una nueva comunidad política democrática. A través de varios ejemplos de diarios, tomados uno por uno y en conjunto, se explican las especiales características de este interesante caso de colaboración entre poder político y periodismo, incluyendo algunas excepciones como la prensa de extrema derecha y los sectores nacionalistas vascos

EI fantasma de la perspectiva de género. Aportes teóricos y metodológicos para el análisis deI manejo de los recursos naturales

This paper discusses the contribution of gender analysis to Farming Systems Theory (FST), whish focuses on the productive activities of households and argues that producers must be involved in the researchprocess. The relevance of gender analysis for FST can be summarized in three major points. First, FST must take into account reproductive activities; household production of goods for domestic use or saleand other forms of income generating activities, activities which are usually carried out by women. Second. the household must be seen as an arena of conflict and negotiation, where men and women have different responsibilities, as well as different access and control over income and resources. Third,researchers have to make sure that all members of the household participate in the research process. Only then can we speak of participatory rural extensionism. The paper uses examples of the Mexican countryside to illustrate the argument

RESEÑA: Funciones, procedimientos y escenarios: Un análisis del poder legislativo en América Latina

El libro se estructura en seis capítulos donde se analizan distintos aspectos del Poder Legislativo de 19 países latinoamericanos. El primer capítulo establece el marco general de la política latinoamericana articulada en torno al presidencialismo como un elemento clave en la región ya que sus reglas condicionan a las instituciones, actores y cultura política

The characterization of CellROX™ probes could be a crucial factor in ram sperm quality assessment

[EN] Several authors have demonstrated that low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for the physiological functions of sperm, such as capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosomal reaction and fertilization. However, high levels of ROS are associated with oxidative stress and detrimental effects on fertility. Consequently, deep characterization of ROS presence using different fluorescent probes could be crucial. In this sense, the study of intracellular ROS localization and the relationships between ROS and other conventional parameters could improve the characterization of sperm quality for semen preservation protocols in rams. In this work, a multiparametric study was carried out by analyzing four experimental groups of ram sperm with different initial qualities: fresh semen (from both breeding and nonbreeding seasons), frozen-thawed semen and, a positive control group treated with hydrogen peroxide (300 μM) as a marker of extreme damage. Sperm analyses, including viability, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, motility and kinetic parameters, were applied to compare several experimental groups with different sperm qualities. After that, the signals from two different ROS probes: CellROX™ Deep Red (CRDR) and Green (CRG), were examined by flow cytometry (percentage of cells that express ROS) and fluorescence microscopy (intracellular ROS location). Comparing conventional parameters, fresh samples from the breeding season showed the highest sperm quality, while the positive control samples showed the worst sperm quality. Concerning the ROS probes, the CRDR levels were higher in fresh samples from the breeding season than in the positive control and cryopreserved samples. Surprisingly, CRG presented its highest level (P < 0.05) in the positive control group treated with peroxide by flow cytometry. CRDR and CRG presented opposite labeling patterns that were corroborated by fluorescence microscopy, which determined that the probes localized in different parts of sperm. CRDR was found in the sperm mitochondrial region, while CRG was observed in the cell nucleus, suggesting that ROS localization is an important factor. Finally, our study indicates that CRDR is correlated with proper viability and sperm motility, and could be associated with high mitochondrial activity, while CRG is associated with sperm damage.SIMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDERUniversity of LeónMINECOJunta de Castilla y Leó

The Adaptation Time to the Extender as a Crucial Step for an Accurate Evaluation of Ram Sperm Quality during the Liquid Storage

[EN] Accurate assessment of ram sperm quality is crucial to optimizing assisted reproductive technologies in sheep. However, semen preservation can induce sperm due to osmotic, biochemical, and thermal stress. Stabilizing sperm with a suitable cooling rate and adaptation period to the extender could mitigate these effects for a more reliable evaluation. This study aimed to determine: (1) the best time to assess ram sperm quality, and (2) the factor responsible for the altered state of ram sperm during the first hours of liquid storage. In Experiment 1, ejaculated sperm were diluted and assessed for sperm motility and functionality at four preservation times: 0, 3, 6, and 24 h as sperm damage control. Both sperm motility and functionality improved after 6 h. Experiment 2 investigated the factor responsible for sperm quality change by testing the interactions of seminal plasma and extender with sperm from epididymides independently and in combination. The evaluation of sperm was performed as in Experiment 1. Sperm in groups containing the extender showed altered motility at 0 and 24 h, and lower functionality at 0 h. Thus, we could assume that extender addition initially alters ram sperm, causing sublethal damage that is reversible after 3 to 6 h of semen preservation. In conclusion, ram sperm require an adaptation time of 3 to 6 h to the extender before an accurate quality assessment can be conducted. This has practical implications for reproduction centers, enabling better workflow organization and optimal expression of ram sperm attributes when cervical artificial insemination is routinely performed.SIMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDERUniversity of LeónFPU17/04142PRE2018-086400Junta de Castilla y LeónFSE PO 14-2