Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

Matti Ristola ja Jussi Sutinen kuuluvat työryhmään SPREAD ProgrammePeer reviewe

Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

M. Ristola on SPREAD Program -työryhmän jäsen.Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.Peer reviewe

Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

Matti A Ristola on SPREAD Programme -työryhmän jäsen.Peer reviewe

Deposition and Properties of Thin PECVD Carbon Films After Rapid Thermal Annealing

In this work the properties of PECVD-carbon films before and after Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) are presented. The thickness of the investigated films is in the range 50 - 6000Å. The layers are annealed at 1400°C for different times of 1 s to 3 min in vacuum 5 x 10-5 Torr. Raman investigation has been performed before and after annealing

Properties of µPCVD poly-silicon films after rapid thermal annealing

Polly-Silicon Films obtained by µPCVD were studied with respect to their structural and electrical properties influenced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in vacuum. In addition an annealing in H2 atmosphere at atmospheric pressure was curried out. The structure and the morphology of the films were studied by Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) technique and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. An effect of increase of the crystallinity of the poly-Si films was observed as a result of RTA annealing. These observations coincide well with the measured sheet resistance of the layers. It was found that sheet resistance of the as-deposited films is about [MATH] and it decreases to a value of about [MATH] in dependence on the annealing