The estimation of black-hole masses in distant radio galaxies

We have estimated the masses of the central supermassive black holes of 2442 radio galaxies froma catalog compiled using data from the NED, SDSS, and CATS databases. Mass estimates based on optical photometry and radio data are compared. Relationships between the mass of the central black hole $M_p^{bh}$ and the redshift $z_p$ are constructed for both wavelength ranges. The distribution of the galaxies in these diagrams and systematic effects influencing estimation of the black-hole parameters are discussed. Upperenvelope cubic regression fits are obtained using the maximum estimates of the black-hole masses. The optical and radio upper envelopes show similar behavior, and have very similar peaks in position, $z_p \simeq 1.9$, and amplitude, $\log M_p^{bh}$ = 9.4. This is consistent with a model in which the growth of the supermassive black holes is self-regulating, with this redshift corresponding to the epoch when the accretion-flow phase begins to end and the nuclear activity falls off.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Optical and Radio Properties of Extragalactic Sources Observed by the FIRST and SDSS Surveys

We discuss the optical and radio properties of 30,000 FIRST sources positionally associated with an SDSS source in 1230 deg$^2$ of sky. The majority (83%) of the FIRST sources identified with an SDSS source brighter than r=21 are optically resolved. We estimate an upper limit of 5% for the fraction of quasars with broad-band optical colors indistinguishable from those of stars. The distribution of quasars in the radio flux -- optical flux plane supports the existence of the "quasar radio-dichotomy"; 8% of all quasars with i<18.5 are radio-loud and this fraction seems independent of redshift and optical luminosity. The radio-loud quasars have a redder median color by 0.08 mag, and a 3 times larger fraction of objects with red colors. FIRST galaxies represent 5% of all SDSS galaxies with r<17.5, and 1% for r<20, and are dominated by red galaxies. Magnitude and redshift limited samples show that radio galaxies have a different optical luminosity distribution than non-radio galaxies selected by the same criteria; when galaxies are further separated by their colors, this result remains valid for both blue and red galaxies. The distributions of radio-to-optical flux ratio are similar for blue and red galaxies in redshift-limited samples; this similarity implies that the difference in their luminosity functions, and resulting selection effects, are the dominant cause for the preponderance of red radio galaxies in flux-limited samples. We confirm that the AGN-to-starburst galaxy number ratio increases with radio flux, and find that radio emission from AGNs is more concentrated than radio emission from starburst galaxies (abridged).Comment: submitted to AJ, color gif figures, PS figures available from [email protected]

Unassisted solar lignin valorisation using a compartmented photo-electro-biochemical cell

Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass. Although it is highly recalcitrant to break down, it is a very abundant natural source of valuable aromatic carbons. Thus, the effective valorisation of lignin is crucial for realising a sustainable biorefinery chain. Here, we report a compartmented photo-electro-biochemical system for unassisted, selective, and stable lignin valorisation, in which a TiO2 photocatalyst, an atomically dispersed Co-based electrocatalyst, and a biocatalyst (lignin peroxidase isozyme H8, horseradish peroxidase) are integrated, such that each system is separated using Nafion and cellulose membranes. This cell design enables lignin valorisation upon irradiation with sunlight without the need for any additional bias or sacrificial agent and allows the protection of the biocatalyst from enzymedamaging elements, such as reactive radicals, gas bubbles, and light. The photo-electrobiochemical system is able to catalyse lignin depolymerisation with a 98.7% selectivity and polymerisation with a 73.3% yield using coniferyl alcohol, a lignin monomer

Nuclear Interactions of 400 GeV Protons in Emulsion

We report on 400 GeV proton-emulsion nucleus reactions and compare the results to hadron-nucleus reactions at smaller energies. In particular we present results on the emission of fast target protons (essentially grey track particles) and on their correlation with the number of collisions inside the nucleus, ν, with the number of charged evaporated particles (essentially black track particles) and with the number of pions produced (essentially shower particles). We observe that the main features of the 200¿400 GeV data are very similar. However, we find that the mean shower-particle multiplicity at 400 GeV is essentially higher than expected from the simple independent particle model prediction 〈ns〉 = 〈nch〉[1 + 0.5(〈ν〉 − 1)]. The shower particle multiplicities do not seem to follow a target mass dependence of the form 〈ns〉 = 〈nch〉 Aα with α = 0.14 or α = 0.19 as has been suggested in the literature. The pseudo-rapidity distribution shows limiting target and projectile fragmentation. The shower-particle multiplicity in the ¿central region¿ increases linearity with 〈ν〉 but faster than 0.5〈ν〉 times the corresponding multiplicity in pp reactions

Diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing in very early-onset inflammatory bowel diseases: a multicenter study (vol 12, pg 1104, 2021)

Transplantation and immunomodulatio

Preparation of zinc sodium polyphosphates glasses from coacervates precursors. Characterisation of the obtained glasses, and their applications

A soft chemistry route is described to obtain glasses in the P2O5-Na2O-ZnO-H2O. It is based on the addition of zinc salts to coacervates prepared from sodium polyphosphate. The processing of these coacervates leads to polyphosphate glasses with the same properties as those of glasses prepared in the classical way. So far, little work has been implemented in this system using 'coacervate route'. However, it makes an attractive method for coating and joining processes on the industrial scale. As the anion associated to zinc may take part in the adhesion mechanism, coacervate formation has been studied using zinc chloride, nitrate and sulphate as starting materials. The physical properties of the glasses obtained by this method are reported and potential applications of zinc and silver coacervate are described. (C) 2002 Academie des sciences / Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS

Domino effects and industrial risks: Integrated probabilistic framework – Case of tsunamis effects

International audienc