Effects of dietary diludine supplementation on growth, proximate composition, muscle and texture structure of rainbow trout juveniles

A feeding trial which lasted for eight weeks was conducted to investigate the effects of diludine, a growth promoter, on feed efficiency, muscle structure and proximate composition of juvenile rainbow trout. Diludine was added at 0.0(D0) 0.2(D1), 0.5(D2) and 1(D3) g kg^-1 to a casein-based diet, and every diet was given to the triplicated groups of juvenile rainbow trout. At the end of experiment, it was determined that a significant improvability existed for both growth and feed utilization in fish fed diets supplemented with diludine (p<0.05). Similarly, different concentrations of diludine affected the densitometric quantification of myofibrillar proteins in fish muscle according to results obtained by Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The mean value of fiber diameters significantly increased in skeletal muscle with increasing concentrations of diludine. The histological results also showed hypertrophic adipocytes in skeletal muscle of fish fed D2 and D3 diets. The lowest elasticity values were observed in fish fed the control diet while those fed D3 diet had highest elasticity values. On the other hand, no differences were found between fish fed experimental diets in terms of survival rate and all fish exhibited similar proximate composition for protein, lipid, moisture and ash. Consequently, it may be suggested that dietary diludine supplementation up to 1 g kg^-1 concentration in the diets have positive impacts on growth of rainbow trout juveniles and the better growth in the fish fed with diludine supplements could be arise from muscle characteristics, in particular changes in fibres than proximate composition of the muscles

An integrated approach for airline scheduling, aircraft fleeting and routing with cruise speed control

To place an emphasis on profound relations among airline schedule planning problems and to mitigate the effect of unexpected delays, we integrate schedule design, fleet assignment and aircraft routing problems within a daily planning horizon while passengers' connection service levels are ensured via chance constraints. We propose a nonlinear mixed integer programming model due to the nonlinear fuel consumption and CO2 emission cost terms in the objective function, which is handled by second order conic reformulation. The key contribution of this study is to take into account the cruise time control for the first time in an integrated model of these three stages of airline operations. Changing cruise times of flights in an integrated model enables to construct a schedule to increase utilization of fuel efficient aircraft and even to decrease total number of aircraft needed while satisfying the same service level and maintenance requirements for aircraft fleeting and routing. There is a critical tradeoff between the number of aircraft needed to fulfill the required flights and overall operational expenses. We also propose two heuristic methods to solve larger size problems. Finally, computational results using real data obtained from a major U.S. carrier are presented to demonstrate potential profitability in applying the proposed solution methods. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Sabit Tahar Planı Ile Değişik Dokuma Örgüleri Türetme Yöntemi Geliştirme

Dokuma işleminde kumaş örgüsünü oluşturmanın temel araçları, ağızlık açma mekanizması diye bilinen desenlendirme donanımının yeteneği (örneğin kamlı, armürlü) ve uygulanan tahar planıdır. Bunlardan birinde yapılan bir değişiklik kumaşın örgü yapısında da kendisini gösterecektir. Kullanılan dokuma makinası özelliklerine göre çerçeve hareketlerini değiştirmenin zorluk derecesi ve süresi de değişecektir. Diğer taraftan tahar planı değişikliği genel olarak benzer özellikler gösterir. Çerçeve hareketini değiştirmenin daha kolay olduğu tezgah tiplerinde, örneğin armürlü, desen değişimlerinde tahar planı değişikliği yerine çerçeve hareketlerinin yani bunu belirleyen armür raporunun değiştirilmesi tercih edilir. Bu projenin amacı da bu tür tezgahlarda farklı örgülerin dokunmasına olanak sağlayacak ortak tahar planları belirleyebilecek yöntemleri geliştirmek olacaktır. Böylece bu tür makinalarda, aynı tahar planı kullanarak farklı kumaş görünümleri ya da desenleri elde etmenin daha pratik ve sistematik bir yöntemi ortaya konulacaktır. Dokuma kumaşları desenlendirme sürecinde ortak tahar planları bazında, farklı örgüler geliştirme sistematiği ele alınacak ve buna yönelik modelleme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Günümüzde genellikle sıra tahar yöntemi kullanarak basit değişiklikler ile farklılaşma yapılmaktadır. Rekabetin ve ürün çeşitliliğin arttığı bir dönemde, daha kısa bir hazırlık süresiyle dolayısıyla bir maliyet avantajıyla farklı kumaş ürünleri geliştirip dokuyabilmek büyük avantaj sağlayacaktır. Bu projede hedeflenen çıktılar hem akademik hem de endüstriyel nitelik taşımaktadır. Dokuma kumaş desenlendirmesinde örgü, tahar ve çerçeve hareket planları birbirleriyle bağlantılı sistemlerdir. Herhangi ikisinin belirlenmesinden sonra üçüncü plan da bunların birleşimi olarak kendiliğinden ortaya çıkar. Dolayısıyla bu ilişkiyi modellemek ve sabit tahar planı üzerinden farklı çerçeve hareket planı geliştirme yöntemleri uygulayarak, değişik örgü planları ortaya çıkarmanın sistematiğini araştırmak özgün bir akademik çalışma olmuştur. Bu alanda yapılmış çalışma ve araştırma sayısı da, eski dönemlerde yapılmış çok az sayıda çalışmalarla sınırlıdır. Proje çalışması endüstriyel açıdan da önemli bir çıktı sağlama potansiyeli vardır. Armürlü dokuma makinalarında, daha sistematik ve ekonomik bir örgü geliştirme yöntemine yönelik ip uçları içermektedir. 12, 18 ve 20 çerçeve üzerinden yapılan sıra taharlar en üretken çözüm seçeneği olarak öne çıkmaktadır.Basic means of patterning in weaving are the capability and setting of shedding mechanism (eg. tappet, cam , dobby) and warp draft plan. Any change in one of them will result in variation of the woven fabric. Depending on the type of the weaving machine, the difficulty and set-up period of heald frames lifting plan would vary. On the other hand change of draft plan in any looms would be approximately similar. In the case of looms where changing the dobby plan (based on heald frames lifting plan) is much easier than changing the draft plan such as dobby looms, shifting of the dobby plan is preferred. The purpose of this project is to examine the potential of common draft plans which would enable to weave a variety of different weaves. By developing common draft plans for such looms, an easy and systematic method of woven fabric patterning would be possible. A systematic approach based on a common and fixed draft plan for developing different patterns in woven fabrics is analysed and new models are introduced. Currently, straight draft technique is widely used in order to apply variation in patterning. As the competition and product diversification are fiercely increasing, varied product development with a shorter preparation period and cost gain would be very advantageous. The outcomes of this project have both academic and industrial importance. In design of woven fabrics, weave report, draft plan and frame lifting plan are dependent on each other. Having defined any two, the third one is generated as the resultant of the two plans. Modelling of this relationship and applying different warp lifting plans on the base of constant draft plan so as to develop varied weaves appears to be an original academic research. The research work carried out on this topic is very few and limited with very earlier works. The outputs of this project may have an impact on industrial practices. The principles and important clues towards systematic and more economical weave developments in dobby weaving are introduced. It appears that straight draft with 12, 18 and 20 frames are the most productive settings

Dose-dependent effect of parenteral iron therapy on bleomycin-detectable iron in immune apheresis patients

Dose-dependent effect of parenteral iron therapy on bleomycin-detectable iron in immune apheresis patients.BackgroundIron deficiency and anemia are commonly encountered in patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing immune apheresis. This makes erythropoietin and iron substitution necessary in most patients. However, intravenous iron therapy may result in an increase of potentially toxic nontransferrin-bound iron.MethodsWe examined the effect of 50 mg or 100 mg of iron (III) sucrose on bleomycin-detectable iron (BDI) in immune apheresis patients. Six patients with autoimmune disorders and normal kidney function were enrolled. Before and after the injection of 50 mg or 100 mg of iron (III) sucrose, BDI was measured in serum samples at five different time points.ResultsThere was no BDI traceable before injection of iron (III) sucrose. BDI was present in serum of all patients after the administration of 100 mg of iron (III) sucrose in concentrations up to 0.49 μmol/L. In contrast, only one patient showed BDI at a concentration of 0.16 μmol/L after the administration of 50 mg of iron (III) sucrose.ConclusionWe conclude that if parenteral iron is administered after apheresis treatment, despite the equal tolerability, use of 50 mg of iron (III) sucrose is superior to 100 mg of iron (III) sucrose in avoiding the formation of potentially toxic nontransferrin-bound iron

Cold gas outflows from the Small Magellanic Cloud traced with ASKAP

Feedback from massive stars plays a critical role in the evolution of the Universe by driving powerful outflows from galaxies that enrich the intergalactic medium and regulate star formation. An important source of outflows may be the most numerous galaxies in the Universe: dwarf galaxies. With small gravitational potential wells, these galaxies easily lose their star-forming material in the presence of intense stellar feedback. Here, we show that the nearby dwarf galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), has atomic hydrogen outflows extending at least 2 kiloparsecs (kpc) from the star-forming bar of the galaxy. The outflows are cold, $T<400~{\rm K}$, and may have formed during a period of active star formation $25 - 60$ million years (Myr) ago. The total mass of atomic gas in the outflow is $\sim 10^7$ solar masses, ${\rm M_{\odot}}$, or $\sim 3$% of the total atomic gas of the galaxy. The inferred mass flux in atomic gas alone, $\dot{M}_{HI}\sim 0.2 - 1.0~{\rm M_{\odot}~yr^{-1}}$, is up to an order of magnitude greater than the star formation rate. We suggest that most of the observed outflow will be stripped from the SMC through its interaction with its companion, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and the Milky Way, feeding the Magellanic Stream of hydrogen encircling the Milky Way.Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy, 29 October 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0608-

NGC 326: X-shaped no more

We present new 144-MHz LOFAR observations of the prototypical ‘X-shaped’ radio galaxy NGC 326, which show that the formerly known wings of the radio lobes extend smoothly into a large-scale, complex radio structure. We argue that this structure is most likely the result of hydrodynamical effects in an ongoing group or cluster merger, for which pre-existing X-ray and optical data provide independent evidence. The large-scale radio structure is hard to explain purely in terms of jet reorientation due to the merger of binary black holes, a previously proposed explanation for the inner structure of NGC 326. For this reason, we suggest that the simplest model is one in which the merger-related hydrodynamical processes account for all the source structure, though we do not rule out the possibility that a black hole merger has occurred. Inference of the black hole-black hole merger rate from observations of X-shaped sources should be carried out with caution in the absence of deep, sensitive low-frequency observations. Some X-shaped sources may be signposts of cluster merger activity, and it would be useful to investigate the environments of these objects more generally

LOFAR MSSS: The Scaling Relation between AGN Cavity Power and Radio Luminosity at Low Radio Frequencies

This article has been accepted for publication in a forthcoming issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics. © 2018 ESO.We present a new analysis of the widely used relation between cavity power and radio luminosity in clusters of galaxies with evidence for strong AGN feedback. We study the correlation at low radio frequencies using two new surveys - the First Alternative Data Release of the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS ADR1) at 148 MHz and LOFAR's first all-sky survey, the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) at 140 MHz. We find a scaling relation $P_{\rm cav} \propto L_{148}^{\beta}$, with a logarithmic slope of $\beta = 0.51 \pm 0.14$, which is in good agreement with previous results based on data at 327 MHz. The large scatter present in this correlation confirms the conclusion reached at higher frequencies that the total radio luminosity at a single frequency is a poor predictor of the total jet power. We show that including measurements at 148 MHz alone is insufficient to reliably compute the bolometric radio luminosity and reduce the scatter in the correlation. For a subset of four well-resolved sources, we examine the detected extended structures at low frequencies and compare with the morphology known from higher frequency images and Chandra X-ray maps. In Perseus we discuss details in the structures of the radio mini-halo, while in the 2A 0335+096 cluster we observe new diffuse emission associated with multiple X-ray cavities and likely originating from past activity. For A2199 and MS 0735.6+7421, we confirm that the observed low-frequency radio lobes are confined to the extents known from higher frequencies. This new low-frequency analysis highlights the fact that existing cavity power to radio luminosity relations are based on a relatively narrow range of AGN outburst ages. We discuss how the correlation could be extended using low frequency data from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) in combination with future, complementary deeper X-ray observations.Peer reviewe

Solving monotone stochastic variational inequalities and complementarity problems by progressive hedging

The concept of a stochastic variational inequality has recently been articulated in a new way that is able to cover, in particular, the optimality conditions for a multistage stochastic programming problem. One of the long-standing methods for solving such an optimization problem under convexity is the progressive hedging algorithm. That approach is demonstrated here to be applicable also to solving multistage stochastic variational inequality problems under monotonicity, thus increasing the range of applications for progressive hedging. Stochastic complementarity problems as a special case are explored numerically in a linear two-stage formulation