Static and Dynamic Aspects of Scientific Collaboration Networks

Collaboration networks arise when we map the connections between scientists which are formed through joint publications. These networks thus display the social structure of academia, and also allow conclusions about the structure of scientific knowledge. Using the computer science publication database DBLP, we compile relations between authors and publications as graphs and proceed with examining and quantifying collaborative relations with graph-based methods. We review standard properties of the network and rank authors and publications by centrality. Additionally, we detect communities with modularity-based clustering and compare the resulting clusters to a ground-truth based on conferences and thus topical similarity. In a second part, we are the first to combine DBLP network data with data from the Dagstuhl Seminars: We investigate whether seminars of this kind, as social and academic events designed to connect researchers, leave a visible track in the structure of the collaboration network. Our results suggest that such single events are not influential enough to change the network structure significantly. However, the network structure seems to influence a participant's decision to accept or decline an invitation.Comment: ASONAM 2012: IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Minin

Topographische vs. virtuelle Räume des Okzitanischen: « Faut-il abolir les frontières ? »

The present study aims to investigate the area of conflict between the decline and the expansion of communication options in regional and minority languages, which has increasingly been brought into the focus of attention by the new digital media. This topic will be discussed based on the example of Occitan in the southern third of contemporary France where the langue d’oc continuously forfeits its territory.Besides the real topographic decline, the internet offers the Occitan a new virtual sphere of communication. By contrasting the concrete decline of space with the virtual expansion of space, the following article aims to illustrate the importance of the border, more precisely the border demarcation, with regard to the possibilities of communication of the Occitan language

On the term and concepts of numerical model validation in geoscientific applications

Modeling and numerical simulation of the coupled physical and chemical processes observed in the subsurface are the only options for long-term analyses of complex geological systems. This contribution discusses some more general aspects of the (dynamic) process modeling for geoscientific applications including reflections about the slightly different understanding of the terms model and model validation in different scientific communities, and about the term and methods of model calibration in the geoscientifc context. Starting from the analysis of observations of a certain part of the perceived reality, the process of model development comprises the establishment of the physical model characterizing relevant processes in a problem-oriented manner, and subsequently the mathematical and numerical models. Considering the steps of idealization and approximation in the course of model development, Oreskes et al. [1] state that process and numerical models can neither be verified nor validated in general. Rather the adequacy of models with specific assumptions and parameterizations made during model set-up can be confirmed. If the adequacy of process models with observations can be confirmed using lab as well as field tests and process monitoring, the adequacy of numerical models can be confirmed using numerical benchmarking and code comparison. Model parameters are intrinsic elements of process and numerical models, in particular constitutive parameters. As they are often not directly measurable, they have to be established by solving inverse problems based on an optimal numerical adaptation of observation results. In addition, numerical uncertainty analyses should be an obligatory part of numerical studies for critical real world applications

Ceria-Based Dual-Phase Membranes for High-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Separation: Effect of Iron Doping and Pore Generation with MgO Template

Dual-phase membranes for high-temperature carbon dioxide separation have emerged as promising technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions, especially as a pre- and post-combustion separation technique in coal burning power plants. To implement these membranes industrially, the carbon dioxide permeability must be improved. In this study, Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ (SDC) and Ce0.8Sm0.19Fe0.01O2−δ (FSDC) ceramic powders were used to form the skeleton in dual-phase membranes. The use of MgO as an environmentally friendly pore generator allows control over the membrane porosity and microstructure in order to compare the effect of the membrane’s ceramic phase. The ceramic powders and the resulting membranes were characterized using ICP-OES, HSM, gravimetric analysis, SEM/EDX, and XRD, and the carbon dioxide flux density was quantified using a high-temperature membrane permeation setup. The carbon dioxide permeability slightly increases with the addition of iron in the FSDC membranes compared to the SDC membranes mainly due to the reported scavenging effect of iron with the siliceous impurities, with an additional potential contribution of an increased crystallite size due to viscous flow sintering. The increased permeability of the FSDC system and the proper microstructure control by MgO can be further extended to optimize carbon dioxide permeability in this membrane system.DFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2019 - 2020 / Technische Universität Berli

Employee Qualification by Digital Learning Games

Global competition and individual customer requirements generate challenges for manufacturing companies. To cope with these challenges, companies require an increased level of flexibility. In the first place, this flexibility has to be provided by the employees, as they are one of the key success factors for mastering change. An essential prerequisite for this is a high level of employee qualification across all areas of the company. The learning factories approach has garnered particular attention in recent years as a playful and efficient way of learning the principles and methods of processes improvement. The drawbacks of this method include the limited, non-holistic perspective of each trainee as well as the non-recurring knowledge transfer. Moreover, this kind of qualification requires the trainees to be in the same place at the same time. These downsides can be successfully countered by supplementing learning factories with a digital learning component depicting the learning environment, as digital learning will enable individual learning routes for all trainees and is accessible at all times and all places. This paper serves to outline the idea of serious learning by using digital learning games along with the attendant benefits. Over and beyond this, it also presents a digital learning game for teaching specific lean production methods. © 2017 The Author

Zur Numerik der inversen Aufgabe für gemischte (u/p) Formulierungen am Beispiel der nahezu inkompressiblen Elastizität bei großen Verzerrungen

In dieser Publikation werden ein numerisches Verfahren zur Kalibrierung von Materialmodellen für die Simulation großer, nahezu inkompressibler hyperelastischer Verzerrungen sowie dessen numerische Realiserung im Rahmen einer gemischten Finite Elemente Formulierung vorgestellt. Dabei werden die Parameter der konstitutiven Beziehungen auf der Grundlage experimentell erfasster Verschiebungsfelder (vorzugsweise inhomogener) bzw. globaler Informationen ermittelt. Dieses inkorrekte, inverse Problem wird mit Hilfe eines deterministischen Optimierungsverfahrens vom trust-region-Typ gelöst. Wesentlicher Bestandteil ist dabei die halbanalytische Sensitivitätsanalyse, die ein effizientes und hochgenaues Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Gradienten der Zielfunktion darstellt. Sie erfordert die einmalige Lösung eines zur direkten Aufgabe analogen Gleichungssystems pro Parameter und Lastschritt und basiert auf der impliziten Differentiation der schwachen Formulierung des gemischten Randwertproblems nach den Materialparametern. Genauigkeit und Konvergenzverhalten der numerischen Algorithmen werden an illustrativen Beispielen mit synthetischen Messwerten demonstriert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Untersuchungen zur Abhängigkeit des Optimierungsergebnisses von den Startwerten für unterschiedliche konstitutive Ansätze der kompressiblen und nahezu inkompressiblen Elastizität

On the necessity and a generalized conceptual model for the consideration of large strains in rock mechanics

This contribution presents a generalized conceptual model for the finite element solution of quasi-static isothermal hydro-mechanical processes in (fractured) porous media at large strains. A frequently used averaging procedure, known as Theory of Porous Media, serves as background for the complex multifield approach presented here. Within this context, a consistent representation of the weak formulation of the governing equations (i.e., overall balance equations for mass and momentum) in the reference configuration of the solid skeleton is preferred. The time discretization and the linearization are performed for the individual variables and nonlinear functions representing the integrands of the weak formulation instead of applying these conceptual steps to the overall nonlinear system of weighted residuals. Constitutive equations for the solid phase deformation are based on the multiplicative split of the deformation gradient allowing the adaptation of existing approaches for technical materials and biological tissues to rock materials in order to describe various inelastic effects, growth and remodeling in a thermodynamically consistent manner. The presented models will be a feature of the next version of the scientific open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys developed by an international developer and user group, and coordinated by the authors