IDENTIFICACIÓN MOLECULAR y FILOGENÉTICA DE ROTAVIRUS., EN CONEJOS DE LA ZONA SUR ORIENTE DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

Rotavirus es reconocido como el agente etiológico de gastroenteritis más importante tanto en niños como en animales neonatos en todo el mundo, con una morbilidad y mortalidad de gran impacto social y económico (Dodet et al., 1997; Estes et al., 2001; Matthijinssens et al., 2008). El género Rotavirus está clasificado dentro de la familia Reoviridae, subfamilia Sedoreovirinae (Nakagomi y Nakagomi, 2002). El genoma del virus está compuesto por 11 segmentos de doble cadena de RNA, seis de ellos codifican para seis proteínas estructurales (VP1-VP4, VP6 y VP7) y cinco para seis proteínas no estructurales (NSP1-NSP6). El genoma está protegido por una cápside constituida por tres capas (Martella et al., 2005). La capa intermedia está conformada en su totalidad por la proteína VP6, esta proteína permite la clasificación antigénica de rotavirus en siete grupos (A-G), aunque Matthijnssens et al., 2012, han añadido el grupo H. En conejos se ha identificado el grupo A de Rotavirus, las cepas que pertenecen a este grupo, se clasifican en subgrupos (SG), mediante la amplificación de la región que codifica para sus determinantes antigénicos, ubicada dentro del fragmento VP6En otros países, Rotavirus es considerado la principal etiología de gastroenteritis aguda en conejos. En México, en las unidades de producción cunícola los cuadros entéricos repercuten en alta mortalidad y fuertes pérdidas económicas. La proteína VP6 de la capa intermedia de la cápside del virus, es utilizada para clasificar antigénicamente el Rotavirus en grupos (A-H). Utilizando la técnica de Reverso Transcriptasa-Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, se probaron 19 muestras de intestino de conejos sanos y con cuadro clínico entérico, provenientes de la región suroriente del Estado de México, De las muestras probada el 31.5% (6), amplificaron un fragmento de 380pb utilizando los primers específicos para el fragmento VP6. Es el primer reporte de detección molecular de Rotavirus en conejos en Méxic

Detection of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 within basal ganglia output neurons in macaques: changes following experimental parkinsonism

Abstract Although type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1- Rs) are expressed abundantly throughout the brain, the presence of type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2Rs) in neurons is still somewhat controversial. Taking advantage of newly designed CB1R and CB2R mRNA riboprobes, we demonstrate by PCR and in situ hybridization that transcripts for both cannabinoid receptors are present within labeled pallidothalamic-projecting neurons of control and MPTP-treated macaques, whereas the expression is markedly reduced in dyskinetic animals. Moreover, an in situ proximity ligation assay was used to qualitatively assess the presence of CB1Rs and CB2Rs, as well as CB1R–CB2R heteromers within basal ganglia output neurons in all animal groups (control, parkinsonian and dyskinetic macaques). A marked reduction in the number of CB1Rs, CB2Rs and CB1R–CB2R heteromers was found in dyskinetic animals, mimicking the observed reduction in CB1R and CB2R mRNA expression levels. The fact that chronic levodopa treatment disrupted CB1R–CB2R heteromeric complexes should be taken into consideration when designing new drugs acting on cannabinoid receptor heteromers

Carta de Psicología No. 52

40 páginasCómo saber cuán buena es la calidad de la educación en Colombia? Esta es la pregunta que se formularon los expertos en medición y pedagogía a principios de la década del ochenta, ante la necesidad de desarrollar indicadores que permitieran evaluar la calidad de los programas ofrecidos a lo largo del país. A pesar de que en esa época el Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior (Icfes) hacía pruebas de ingreso a la educación superior, no se evaluaba a los estudiantes en el momento de egresar para determinar la calidad de la formación recibida en su paso por las universidades públicas (Icfes, 2019). La travesía de implementar un modelo de evaluación de la educación inició con pequeños muestreos en municipios de todo el país. En estos se pretendía detectar el desarrollo de capacidades y competencias, para brindar un insumo a las instituciones de educación y que estas pudieran diseñar estrategias para cumplir con los estándares de calidad esperados para la época (Icfes, 2019). Una vez establecidas las primeras metodologías muestrales, el sistema adquirió un carácter más robusto que, a inicios del presente siglo, permitió censar a todos los estudiantes colombianos mediante los exámenes de calidad de la educación nacional en Colombia (Ecaes) (Icfes, 2019). Con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y el mejoramiento de la cobertura de Internet en el ámbito nacional, la tarea del Icfes se ha modernizado para diligenciar digitalmente los procesos de inscripción y recaudo. En el año 2009 se instituyó el mecanismo de las pruebas Saber como un sistema transversal a todos los niveles educativos (Icfes, 2019).CEIPS. Pruebas Saber: más allá de una evaluación... 1 Camila Garzón Emprendimiento: una oportunidad para el desarrollo profesional ..3 Carlos Alberto Gómez Rada Semilleros Semillas de Infancia. ..5 Leidy Natalia García; María Paula García; Jefferson Morales; Stiven Pérez; Paola Remolina; Karol Salinas Líder Juan Carlos Sarmiento Reyes Relación entre habilidades de inhibición y comportamiento altruista ...9 Leidy Johana Álvarez Leguizamón Líder: David Aguilar Análisis estadístico de la violencia interpersonal durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017...14 Natalia Rodríguez Garnica; Paula Virginia Torres Pachón Líder: Ever José López Cantera Adolescencia, juventud y el Sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes (SRPA) en Colombia ...19 Xiomara González Alarcón Líder: Julián Camilo Sarmiento López Niños habitantes de calle. .22 Valentina Quevedo Modificabilidad y enseñanza de la ortografía ...26 John Alejandro Sabogal Ardila, Adriana Carolina Santos Acevedo Líder: Olga Romero Errores de pensamiento: una guía práctica de conocimiento ..28 Karen Yineth Bernal Manrique, Daniela Gualtero Salazar, Jhoan Sebastián López Sepúlveda, Geraldine Sánchez Torres Líder: Olga Romero Empoderamiento lingüístico en el contexto educativo ...29 María Fernanda Trujillo Amaya, Gabriela Gutiérrez Paiba Líder: Olga Romero Enseñanza de la orientación espacial ..32 Daniela Bautista Riveros, Alexandra Forero Cruz, Diana Gómez Forero Líder: Olga Romero Solución de problemas, perspectivas e integración teórica... 35 Cristian Rincón, Valentina Gómez Líder: Olga Romero Deterioro cognitivo leve ...37 Danna Gabriela Aguilar Velandia Líder: Sandra Milena Camelo Roa Medios de comunicación en la salud alimentaria en niños...39 Luisa Fernanda D’Achiardi Gómez, Laura Melissa Arévalo Moreno Líder: Andrés Mauricio Santacoloma Suáre

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Multicausal etiology of the enteric syndrome in rabbits from Mexico

Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus . The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. ( p = 0.000), Mannheimia spp. ( p = 0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. ( p = 0.006)

Comportamiento Secretarial y recepción : guías de aprendizaje

El documento recupera 11 guías de aprendizaje del bloque modular “comportamiento secretarial y recepción de la especialidad “secretariado general” en las que se describe la duración, objetivos, temas, actividades formativas, bibliografía y criterios de evaluaciónThe document retrieves 11 learning guides of the modular block "secretarial behavior and reception of the specialty" general secretariat "in which the duration, objectives, subjects, training activities, bibliography and evaluation criteria are describedPersonalidad y cualidades de la secretaria -- Etiqueta y glamour -- Perfil de la secretaria -- La empresa -- Estructura y relaciones empresariales -- Planeación del trabajo -- La oficina -- El puesto de trabajo -- Atención de visitantes -- Organización de reuniones -- Recepción telefónica -- Personalidad telefónica107 página

Influence of the bite angle of dianionic C,N,C-pincer ligands on the chemical and photophysical properties of iridium(III) and osmium(IV) hydride complexes

The study of the reactions of IrH5(PiPr3)2 (1) with 2,6-diphenylpyridine and 2-phenoxy-6-phenylpyridine and the photophysical characterization of some of the resulting compounds, as well as their osmium counterparts, reveal that the bite angle of dianionic C,N,C-pincer ligands has a marked influence on the chemical and photophysical properties of iridium(III) and osmium(IV) hydride complexes. Complex 1 promotes a double o-CH bond activation of both disubstituted pyridines. The reaction with 2,6-diphenylpyridine directly leads to IrH{κ3-C,N,C-(C6H4-py-C6H4)}(PiPr3)2 (2), whereas the activation of 2-phenoxy-6-phenylpyridine is sequential and slower. Initially, the phenyl activation gives IrH2{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-py-OPh)}(PiPr3)2 (3), which subsequently evolves to IrH{κ3-C,N,C-(C6H4-py-OC6H4)}(PiPr3)2 (4). Complexes 2 and 4 are Brønsted bases, which react with HBF4·OEt2. The protonation of the hydride position is elusive; the proton of the acid is selectively added to one of the metalated substituents. Thus, the reaction with 2 affords [IrH{κ3-C,N,(C–H)-(C6H4-py-Ph)}(PiPr3)2]BF4 (5), in which the C–H bond formed remains coordinated. The protonation of 4 selectively occurs at the phenoxy substituent to give the five-coordinate cationic complex [IrH{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-py-OPh)}(PiPr3)2]BF4 (6) bearing a free OPh group. In contrast to 5, complex 6 inserts acetylene and phenylacetylene into the Ir–H bond to yield [Ir{(E)-CH═CHR}{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-py-OPh)}(PiPr3)2]BF4 (R = H (7), Ph (8)). Complexes 2 and 4 and their osmium(IV) counterparts OsH2{κ3-C,N,C-(C6H4-py-C6H4)}(PiPr3)2 (A) and OsH2{κ3-C,N,C-(C6H4-py-OC6H4)}(PiPr3)2 (B) are phosphorescent emitters, which display emission wavelengths between 473 and 619 nm and quantum yields between 0.03 and 0.96 depending upon the metal center and the presence or absence of an oxygen atom in the pincer ligand.Financial support from the MINECO of Spain (Project CTQ2017-82935-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)), Gobierno de Aragón (Group E06_17R and project LMP148_18), FEDER, and the European Social Fund is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Prolyl hydroxylase-dependent modulation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 activity and protein translation in acute hypoxia

24 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas.Early adaptive responses to hypoxia are essential for cell survival, but their nature and underlying mechanisms are poorly known. We have studied the post-transcriptional changes in the proteome of mammalian cells elicited by acute hypoxia and found that phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a ribosomal translocase whose phosphorylation inhibits protein synthesis, is under the precise and reversible control of O2 tension. Upon exposure to hypoxia, phosphorylation of eEF2 at Thr56 occurred rapidly (<15 min) and resulted in modest translational arrest, a fundamental homeostatic response to hypoxia that spares ATP and thus facilitates cell survival. Acute inhibitory eEF2 phosphorylation occurred without ATP depletion or AMP kinase activation. Furthermore, eEF2 phosphorylation was mimicked by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition with dimethyloxalylglycine or by selective PHD2 siRNA silencing but was independent of hypoxia-inducible factor α stabilization. Moreover, overexpression of PHD2 blocked hypoxic accumulation of phosphorylated eEF2. Therefore, our findings suggest that eEF2 phosphorylation status (and, as a consequence, translation rate) is controlled by PHD2 activity. They unravel a novel pathway for cell adaptation to hypoxia that could have pathophysiologic relevance in tissue ischemia and cancer.Research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Health, the Marcelino Botin Foundation, and the Andalusian Government.Peer reviewe