Spatiotemporal patterns on the appearance of the first trapeze industries in the Late Mesolithic of the Iberian Peninsula

The spread of trapeze industries (the creation of trapeze-shaped flint tips) during Late Mesolithic is one of the most disruptive phenomena of technological change documented in the European Prehistory. Understanding the chronological patterns of this process requires (i) a critical evaluation of stratigraphic relationship between trapeze assemblages and radiocarbon samples, and (ii) considering different levels of chronological uncertainty according to the inbuilt age of the samples and the calibration process. In this paper, we critically evaluate and analyze the radiocarbon record of the first trapeze industries in the Iberian Peninsula. A dataset of 181 radiocarbon dates from 67 sites dated to 8800–8200 cal BP was collected and evaluated following a strict data quality control protocol, from which 135 dates of 53 sites were retained and classified according to a reliability index. Then, three different phase Bayesian chronological models were created to estimate the duration of the first spread of trapezes across Iberia, considering different levels of chrono-stratigraphic resolution. We find that trapeze industries appeared in the eastern half of Iberia, over an area of 330,000 km2 between 8505–8390 and 8425–8338 cal BP, spanning 0–85 yr (95.4% CI). When the oldest evidence of trapezes from Portugal are considered, the probability distribution expands (8943–8457 and 8686–7688 cal BP), due to the chronological uncertainty of human samples with marine diet and regional ΔR values applied. For the eastern half of Iberia, the current evidence indicates a very rapid spread of trapeze industries initiated in the Central-Western Pyrenees, suggesting cultural diffusion within Mesolithic social networks as the main driving mechanism.This work was funded by the European Research Council (ref. ERC-CoG 2015) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 683018) to J.F.L.d.P. This coauthor was also supported by grant no. 2018/040 from the CIDEGENT Excellence programme of Generalitat Valenciana

Narrativas nacionales y pensamiento histórico en los libros de texto de Educación Secundaria de España y Francia. Análisis a partir del tratamiento de los contenidos de la Edad Moderna

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es indagar en las narrativas históricas y en las competencias desarrolladas en los libros de texto de Historia en Educación Secundaria, comparando los contenidos y el pensamiento histórico propuesto por los manuales escolares franceses y españoles sobre la Edad Moderna. Se ha realizado un estudio exploratorio con un tema transversal: las unidades didácticas de la Edad Moderna en 2º de ESO en España y 4º de Collège en Francia. Este estudio ha analizado de una forma comparativa tanto los contenidos sustantivos que presentan los manuales (qué conocimientos históricos se proponen en estos materiales educativos), como los contenidos estratégicos (cómo se presentan esos conocimientos y qué tipo de habilidades cognitivas se le exige al alumnado). Los datos muestran resultados dispares. Por un lado la nación (su origen y consolidación) sigue siendo el principal sujeto histórico en los manuales. Pero existe una gran diferencia en las competencias históricas propuestas al alumnado en España (con un aprendizaje más memorístico) y en Francia (con un análisis más profundo de las fuentes históricas)

Depopulation and digital divide: Conflict or opportunity? - Without signal

Treball Final de Grau en Periodisme. Codi: PE0932. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020La despoblación es un problema que afecta a 73 pueblos de los 135 que tiene la provincia de Castelló, según los datos de la Diputació. Desde hace unos años, tanto el gobierno autonómico como el provincial está tomando medidas para combatir tal cuestión. La brecha digital es uno de los puntos más en contra que tienen estos municipios ya que muchos “únicamente cuentan con el 2G”. Este reportaje pretende mostrar cuál es la situación real de lugares como Herbés, localidad con solo 42 habitantes, dentro de la comarca de Els Ports, una de las más afectadas por el abandono de la población y también responder a la pregunta de si las nuevas tecnologías pueden ser una opción de crecimiento para las zonas despobladas. Durante el trabajo, recogemos declaraciones de profesionales especializados, como el sociólogo rural, Artur Aparici, así como cargos públicos como el diputado del Área de Desarrollo Rural de la Diputació de Castelló. Además, se da voz a personas que viven en primera persona el reto del despoblamiento y cómo les afecta la gran diferencia digital en comparación con las grandes ciudades.Depopulation is a problem that affects 73 towns out of the 135 that the province of Castelló has, according to data from the Provincial Council. For a few years now, both the autonomous and provincial governments have been taking measures to combat this issue. The digital divide is one of the most against points that these municipalities have since many “only have 2G”. This report aims to show what is the real situation of places like Herbés, a town with only 42 inhabitants, within the Els Ports region, one of the most affected by the abandonment of the population, and also answer the question of whether new technologies They can be a growth option for depopulated areas. During the work, we collect statements from specialized professionals, such as the rural sociologist, Artur Aparici, as well as public officials such as the deputy of the Rural Development Area of the Diputació de Castelló. In addition, people who live the challenge of depopulation and how the great digital difference affects them compared to large cities are given a voice.Depopulation is a problem that affects 73 towns out of the 135 that the province of Castelló has, according to data from the Provincial Council. For a few years now, both the autonomous and provincial governments have been taking measures to combat this issue. The digital divide is one of the most against points that these municipalities have since many “only have 2G”. This report aims to show what is the real situation of places like Herbés, a town with only 42 inhabitants, within the Els Ports region, one of the most affected by the abandonment of the population, and also answer the question of whether new technologies They can be a growth option for depopulated areas. During the work, we collect statements from specialized professionals, such as the rural sociologist, Artur Aparici, as well as public officials such as the deputy of the Rural Development Area of the Diputació de Castelló. In addition, people who live the challenge of depopulation and how the great digital difference affects them compared to large cities are given a voice

Aplicación del sistema de informacion arqueológica SIDGEIPA a la gestión de la excavación de urgencia del yacimiento la Colata (Montavener, Valencia)

La aplicación del programa Sidgeipa en la excavación de urgencia realizada en el yacimiento de La Colata (Montaverner, Valencia), ha permitido documentar de forma rápida y fiable, casi un centenar de estructuras negativas, de diversa tipología y atribución cronológica. Una de las características más eficaces de Sidgeipa reside en su capacidad para almacenar, de forma razonable, la gran cantidad de datos generados en la excavación, las coordenadas tridimensionales de todas las estructuras registradas, los materiales hallados en el interior de sus rellenos (incluidos los individuos enterrados) y toda la información correspondiente a las Unidades Estratigráficas que hayan sido distinguidas. La reconstrucción, tanto de cada una de las estructuras como de plantas generales en las que se relacionen dichas estructuras, facilita la comprensión de las distribuciones espaciales y las transformaciones que ha experimentado el yacimiento, desde su formación hasta el momento de su descubrimiento. La documentación arqueológica generada por la aplicación de Sidgeipa en este yacimiento se podría ampliar, fácilmente, en un futuro si se realizaran nuevos obras, que requirieran trabajos arqueológicos en parcelas contiguas a las intervenidas.The application of SIDGEIPA in the excavation carried out at the La Colata site (Montaverner, Valencia), has allowed the rapid and reliable documentation of almost a hundred negative structures, of different typology and chronological attribution. One of the most effective features of Sidgeipa lies in its ability to reasonably store the large amount of data generated in the excavation, the three-dimensional coordinates of all registered structures, the materials found inside its landfills (including buried individuals) and all information corresponding to the Stratigraphical Units that have been distinguished. The reconstruction, both of each of the structures and of general plants in which these structures are related, facilitates the understanding of the spatial distributions and the transformations that the site has undergone, since its formation until the moment of its discovery. The archaeological documentation generated by SIDGEIPA in this site could easily be expanded in the future if new works were carried out, which required archaeological works in plots adjacent to the one dug this time

Reforma sanitaria, salud pública y bienestar biológico durante la industrialización española: el caso de Alcoy, 1840-1915

This article analyses the effects of the sanitary reform on the biological welfare and the Health of the Spanish population during the industrialization process. Examines the case of Alcoy, one of the pioneer hubs of the Spanish industrialization. The main sources of the study are the municipality budgets of Public Health and the stature of the conscripts. Results show that the starting of the sanitary reform, in the late 19th, meant not only an improvement of the conditions and the salubrity of the city, but of the resident´s state of health. Until the liberal politicians did not increase the public health and the urban infrastructures assignments on the Budgets, Alcoy suffered the initial problems of the urban penalty, with negative effects that were revealed directly in the increasing morbi-mortality and the falling stature. Data suggest a positive correlation between active public health politics and biological welfare.En este artículo analizamos los efectos que la reforma sanitaria tuvo sobre el bienestar biológico y la salud de las poblaciones españolas durante el proceso de industrialización. Examinamos el caso de Alcoy, una de las ciudades pioneras de la industrialización española. Los presupuestos municipales en salud pública y los datos de estatura de los reemplazos militares constituyen las principales fuentes para su estudio. Los resultados muestran que los comienzos de la reforma sanitaria, a finales del siglo XIX, supusieron una mejora no sólo de las condiciones ambientales y de salubridad de la ciudad, sino también del estado de salud de su población residente. Hasta que los políticos liberales no incrementaron las dotaciones presupuestarias en el campo de la salud pública y las infraestructuras urbanas, Alcoy sufrió los lastres iniciales del urban penalty con secuelas negativas que se manifestaron directamente en el aumento de la morbi-mortalidad y la caída de la estatura. Los datos sugieren una relación positiva entre políticas activas de salud pública y bienestar biológico

Chemical Modification of Microcin J25 Reveals New Insights on the Stereospecific Requirements for Antimicrobial Activity

In this study, microcin J25, a potent antimicrobial lasso peptide that acts on Gram-negative bacteria, was subjected to a harsh treatment with a base in order to interrogate its stability and mechanism of action and explore its structure-activity relationship. Despite the high stability reported for this lasso peptide, the chemical treatment led to the detection of a new product. Structural studies revealed that this product retained the lasso topology, but showed no antimicrobial activity due to the epimerization of a key residue for the activity. Further microbiological assays also demonstrated that it showed a high synergistic effect with colistin

FOS: a low-power cache organization for multicores

[EN] The cache hierarchy of current multicore processors typically consists of one or two levels of private caches per core and a large shared last-level cache. This approach incurs area and energy wasting due to oversizing the private cache space, data replication through the inclusive cache levels, as well as the use of highly set-associative caches. In this paper, we claim that although this is the commonly adopted approach, it presents important design issues that can be addressed by a more energy efficient organization. This work proposes Flat On-chip Storage (FOS), a novel cache organization that, aimed at addressing energy and area on low-power processors, resolves the mentioned issues. For this purpose, FOS combines L2 and L3 cache levels into a single one, organized as a flat space, and composed of a pool of private small cache slices. These slices are initially powered off to save energy, and they are powered on and assigned to cores provided that the system performance is expected to improve. To provide fast and uniform access from the private L1 caches to the FOS's cache slices, multiple architectural challenges are overcome, which entails the design of a custom optical network-on-chip. Experimental results show that FOS achieves significant energy savings on both static and dynamic energy over conventional cache organizations with the same storage capacity. FOS static energy savings are as much as 60% over an electrically connected shared cache; these savings grow up to 75% compared to optically connected baselines. Moreover, despite deactivating part of the cache space, FOS achieves similar performance values as those achieved by conventional approaches.Puche-Lara, J.; Petit Martí, SV.; Sahuquillo Borrás, J.; Gómez Requena, ME. (2019). FOS: a low-power cache organization for multicores. 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Late Glacial and Early Holocene human demographic responses to climatic and environmental change in Atlantic Iberia

Successive generations of hunter-gatherers of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene in Iberia had to contend with rapidly changing environments and climatic conditions. This constrained their economic resources and capacity for demographic growth. The Atlantic façade of Iberia was occupied throughout these times and witnessed very significant environmental transformations. Archaeology offers a perspective on how past human population ecologies changed in response to this scenario. Archaeological radiocarbon data are used here to reconstruct demographics of the region over the long term. We introduce various quantitative methods that allow us to develop palaeodemographic and spatio-temporal models of population growth and density, and compare our results to independent records of palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary change, and growth rates derived from skeletal data. Our results demonstrate that late glacial population growth was stifled by the Younger Dryas stadial, but populations grew in size and density during the Early to Middle Holocene transition. This growth was fuelled in part by an increased dependence on marine and estuarine food sources, demonstrating how the environment was linked to demographic change via the resource base, and ultimately the carrying capacity of the environment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography'.FCT: DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0026info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SIDGEIPA: an Archaeological Information System

En el artículo se presenta un nuevo sistema de información arqueológica: SIDGEIPA -SIstema Distribuido para la GEstión Integral del Patrimonio Arqueológico- SIDGEIPA va más allá de la adaptación de un Sistema de Información Geográfica a la Gestión del Patrimonio arqueológico. Las características más destacables de SIDGEIPA son: el estar desarrollado en código Java lo que implica su capacidad multiplataforma; automatización de la matriz Harris, se trata de una aplicación única con la que se pueden realizar todos los procesos informáticos relacionados con la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico (Dibujo asistido por ordenador, base de datos, procesado de imágenes y otros. Los datos que se presentan se realizaron en la excavación de dos yacimientos arqueológicos del Holoceno Inicial en la Comunidad Valenciana: el Mas D’Is (Penàguila, Àlacant) en realidad la primera aldea neolítica localizada en el Mediterráneo peninsular; y Mangraneres (Andilla, València), pequeño yacimiento al aire libre con niveles mesolíticos y neolíticos. Ambos se encuadrar dentro del proyecto AMAPA (Agricultura y Medio Ambiente de los Primeros Agricultores).In our paper we discuss the different aspects of the process we have followed to develop a completely new software to manage Archaeological Parks. The software named SIDGEIPA (Distributed System for Integral Management of Archaeological Parks) includes different modules allowing user to store archaeological data from different sources (excavation, survey, scientific literature, museum collections...) and to process them automatically in order to simplify archaeological research. The new software has been tested in the AMAPA project (Archaeology and Environment of the first agriculturalist in Mediterranean Spain) including a full implementation of it at the excavation level in the Mas D’Is case (a Neolithic Impressed-Ware site). At the conference we will show examples of how the SIDGEIPA software is able to develop a Harrix Matrix and to model 3D reconstructions. Both Technical aspects and archaeological question will be presented and discussed. Examples of the software functionality will be exposed including Geographical Information Systems, Computes Assisted Design and database management. Development of the software have been possible to financial aid from the FEDER program of the European Union being consequence of the full integration of two research projects the Rural Archaeological Park implemented in the Alcaoia-El Comtat valleys (Alacant, Spain) and the Distributed System for Integral Management of Archaeological

Fondos arqueológicos del Museo Histórico Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia: Museo Histórico-Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia

El Museo Histórico Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia tiene como principal objetivo conservar y dar a conocer el rico patrimonio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A lo largo de sus 227 años de vida, en la Escuela se han acumulado materiales variados (minerales y rocas, fósiles, conchas, instrumentos de medición y enseñanza, lámparas de mina, maquetas de procesos industriales y mineros, valiosos libros históricos, mapas y documentos, cartas y apuntes, piezas arqueológicas...) que se trata de preservar cuidadosamente, en primer lugar por su alto valor intrínseco (científico, industrial, histórico), pero también porque constituyen el testimonio de las aportaciones de muchos ingenieros, profesores, geólogos y, en general, personas vinculadas con la Institución, que a lo largo de estos dos siglos largos han dejado en ella lo mejor de sus vidas profesionales. Un museo de estas características es singular por sus contenidos, y muy difícil de clasificar. Es, desde luego, histórico, y tal es el principal sentido que se le pretende dar en la actualidad. Pero también es, o pretende ser, didáctico y universitario, porque no renuncia a la función docente y formativa que puede derivarse de la adecuada exposición de sus contenidos. A la vez público (por su pertenencia a la Universidad y su apertura al público en general) y privado (porque su origen está en colecciones cedidas a la Escuela por particulares para fines específicos). Es un Museo de Ciencias y de la Ciencia, porque una parte importante de sus colecciones está formada por ejemplares de minerales, fósiles y rocas, y porque contiene elementos que han servido para generar y transmitir la ciencia desde finales del siglo XVIII. A aquéllos que lean este libro les puede sorprender la presencia en el Museo de una rica y variada, aunque no muy extensa, colección de piezas arqueológicas. La explicación debe buscarse en el origen y desarrollo de las investigaciones arqueológicas en España, que tiene lugar en el siglo XIX. En los primeros estudios arqueológicos tuvieron un papel destacado algunos ilustres ingenieros de minas, profesores de la Escuela, como D. Guillermo Schulz y D. Casiano de Prado. Muchas publicaciones suyas avalan su gran conocimiento y profundo interés por la Arqueología naciente