La cartografía en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

Se presenta información sobre los documentos cartográficos de Euskadi que han sido de una manera u otra, promovidos por la AdministraciónThe author introduces information on the cartographic documents of the Basque Country that in one way or another, have been promoted by the Cartographic Administratio

Geografía urbana de Euskal-Herria : análisis y teorías

En la primera parte del artículo analiza el campo de la geografía urbana, estudiando los sistemas y metodología de investigación utilizado en esta disciplina. A continuación expone detalladamente el proceso de urbanización desarrollado en Euskal Herria, desde el S.XII en que surgen las primeras villas obedeciendo a intereses económicos y defensivos. Hace hincapié en la localización de las ciudades y el papel que cumplian las diferentes villas (militar, comercial). Estudia la densidad de población, el tamaño y número de los municipios, la superficie, el poblamiento urbano y rural y el crecimiento de las ciudades, el sistema urbano vasco (jerarquías urbanas y áres de influencia, análisis espacial). La última parte del trabajo enumera los principales nucleos urbanos y su estructuración (Bilbao, Donostia-San Sebastián, Pamplona, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Bayonne, Mauleon, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, extendiéndose en el modelo urbano de Donostia-San Sebastiá

Redes y sistemas de transporte en relación con la cohesión regional

PANEL II. LOS 14 PROYECTOS PRIORITARIOS DE LAS RTE TRANSPORT

Overweight and obesity: a descriptive study in schools from Santiago de Compostela

A lo largo de la última década ha aumentado considerablemente el sobrepeso y la obesidad a nivel mundial, siendo los niños y niñas una de las principales víctimas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el peso, talla y hábitos saludables de niños y niñas de 4-6 años de diferentes colegios de la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo sobre obesidad infantil. Se solicitó la participación a 12 colegios de Santiago de Compostela para medir y pesar al alumnado de 4-6 años. Además, las maestras cubrieron un cuestionario sobre diferentes hábitos saludables de los niños y niñas. Participaron finalmente en el estudio dos centros de Santiago de Compostela, 9 maestras y 181 niños y niñas que fuero pesados y tallados. En ninguna clase se establecía horario de meriendas, siendo la fruta y el agua los alimentos más frecuentados. Todas las clases realizaban dos sesiones de psicomotricidad a la semana. Sin embargo, 27 (14,92%) participantes [niñas: 17 (9,39%); niños: 10 (5,52%)] tenían sobrepeso y 26 (14,37%) obesidad [niñas: 13 (7,18%); niños: 13 (7,18%)]. A modo de conclusión, casi una tercera parte de la muestra padecía sobrepeso u obesidad. Deberían establecerse estrategias más efectivas para combatir la obesidad infantil.Over the past decade, overweight and obesity have considerably increased worldwide, being boys and girls one of the main victims. This study aimed to analyse weight, height and healthy habits in children aged 4-6 years old from several schools of Santiago de Compostela. It is presented a descriptive study about children obesity. Twelve schools from Santiago de Compostela were asked to collaborate in this study in order to measure the weight and height of children (4-6 years). In addition, teachers filled a questionnaire about different healthy behaviours of the children. Finally, two schools and 9 teachers took part in this study. It was also measure the weight and height of 181 pupils. Meal schedule was not stablished in any class, and fruit and water were the most used aliments. Children had psychomotricity sessions twice a week. However, 27 (14.92%) participants [girls: 17 (9.40%); boys: 10 (6.08%)] were overweight y 26 (14.37%) obesity [girls: 13 (7.18%); boys: 13 (7.18%)]. To conclude, almost a third part of the sample were overweight or obesity. More effective strategies must be stablished to combat childhood obesity.S

Significant Surface Spin Effects and Exchange Bias in Iron Oxide-Based Hollow Magnetic Nanoparticles

Exchange bias (EB) properties have become especially important in hollow magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) due to the versatility and reduced size of these materials. In this work, we present the synthesis and study of the EB properties of iron-oxide-based hollow MNPs and their precursors Fe/iron oxide MNPs with core/void/shell structure. The two mechanisms involved in EB generation were investigated: the frozen spins present in the nanograins that form the nanoparticles and the surface spins. The effect of external parameters on the coercivity (HC), remanence (MR), exchange bias field (HEB) and frozen spins, such as cooling field (HFC) and temperature, was investigated. Both HC and HEB present a maximum threshold above which their values begin to decrease with HFC, showing a new trend of HEB with HFC and allowing modulation on demand. The existence of surface spins, present on the outer and inner surfaces, was demonstrated, and an intrinsic EB phenomenon (HEB = 444 Oe for hollow iron oxide-based MNPs of 13.1 nm) with significant magnetization (MS~50 emu/g) was obtained. Finally, core/void/shell MNPs of 11.9 nm prior to the formation of the hollow MNPs showed a similar behavior, with non-negligible HEB, highlighting the importance of surface spins in EB generation.This work was supported by the European Commission under the BOW project, (FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019, Grant 952183), and partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112626RB-C21), Modalities «Research Challenges» and «Knowledge Generation», and the Regional Consellería de Innovacion Program for the Grupos de Referencia Competitiva 2021—GRC2021 project of Xunta de Galicia

Web Application for Atmospheric Aerosol Data Management: Software and Case Study in the Spanish Network on Environmental Differential Mobility Analysers

[Abstract] SCALA© (Sampling Campaigns for Aerosols in the Low Atmosphere) is a web-based software system that was developed in a multidisciplinary manner to integrally support the documentation and the management and analysis of atmospheric aerosol data from sampling campaigns. The software development process applied considered the prototyping and the evolutionary approaches. The software product (SCALA©) allows for the comprehensive management of the sampling campaigns’ life cycle (management of the profiles and processes involved in the start-up, development and closure of a campaign) and provides support for both intra- and inter-campaigns data analysis. The pilot deployment of SCALA© considers the Spanish Network on Environmental Differential Mobility Analysers (DMAs) (REDMAAS) and the PROACLIM project. This research project involves, among other objectives, the study of temporal and spatial variations of the atmospheric aerosol through a set of microphysical properties (size distribution, optical properties, hygroscopicity, etc.) measured in several locations in Spain. The main conclusions regarding size distribution are presented in this work. These have been have been extracted through SCALA© from the data collected in the REDMAAS 2015 and 2019 intercomparison campaigns and two years (2015 and 2016) of measurements with two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPS) at CIEMAT (Madrid, central Spain) and UDC (A Coruña, NW of Spain) sites.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2014-52877-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2017-85344-RXunta de Galicia; GRC2013-047Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/28Gobierno Regional de Madrid; Y2018/EMT-517

Establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-lines (IPSC) for in vitro modelling hand ostheoarthritis.

ResumenInstituto de Salud Carlos III; PI17/0219

Generation of osteoarthritis and healthy mesenchymal cell lines for research on regenerative medicine for osteoarthritis

[Purpose] Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent self-renewal adult cells with potential to regenerate the damaged tissues in degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, research require in vitro expansion of BM-MSCs, a process which eventually causes cell senescence. To overcome this problem cell lines can be used but, currently, BM-MSC lines available are scarce and present limitations regarding their differentiation capacities. For this reason, the aim of this study was to generate and characterize human BM-MSCs lines, derived from an OA patient and a healthy donor, with high chondrogenic and osteogenic capacities for their use in research on Regenerative Medicine for OA

Generation of osteoarthritic mesenchymal stromal cell lines.

ResumenXunta de Galicia; R2016/036Xunta de Galicia; R2014/050Xunta de Galicia; CN2012/142Xunta de Gaicia; GPC2014/048Instituto de salud Carlos III; PI17/0219

Generation and Characterization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) From Hand Osteoarthritis Patient-Derived Fibroblasts

[Abstract] Knowledge and research results about hand osteoarthritis (hOA) are limited due to the lack of samples and animal models of the disease. Here, we report the generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-lines from patients with radiographic hOA. Furthermore, we wondered whether these iPSC-lines carried single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes that have been associated with hOA. Finally, we performed chondrogenic differentiation of the iPSCs in order to prove their usefulness as cellular models of the disease. We performed a non-integrative reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts obtained from two patients with radiographic rhizarthrosis and non-erosive hOA by introducing the transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc using Sendai virus. After reprogramming, embryonic stem cell-like colonies emerged in culture, which fulfilled all the criteria to be considered iPSCs. Both iPSC-lines carried variants associated with hOA in the four studied genes and showed differences in their chondrogenic capacity when compared with a healthy control iPSC-line. To our knowledge this is the first time that the generation of iPSC-lines from patients with rhizarthrosis and non-erosive hOA is reported. The obtained iPSC-lines might enable us to model the disease in vitro, and to deeper study both the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hOA.This study was carried out thanks to the funding from Fundación Española de Reumatología (Proyectos 2014), Proyectos de Investigación 2016 (PI16/02124) and 2017 (PI17/02197) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III-General Subdirection of Assesment and Promotion of the Research – European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe”, Rede Galega de Terapia Celular and Grupos con Potencial de Crecemento, Xunta de Galicia (R2016/036, R2014/050, CN2012/142 and GPC2014/048); Deputación da Coruña (BINV-CS/2015); University of A Coruña; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN). Rocío Castro-Viñuelas, María Piñeiro-Ramil and Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández are granted by a predoctoral fellowship from Xunta de Galicia and European Union (European Social Fund) and Clara Sanjurjo-Rodríguez is beneficiary of a postdoctoral fellowship from Xunta de GaliciaXunta de Galicia; R2016/036Deputación da Coruña; BINV-CS/2015Xunta de Galicia; R2014/050Xunta de Galicia; CN2012/142Xunta de Galicia; GPC2014/04