Análisis de validez en la evaluación entre iguales: un estudio en educación superior

No son muy numerosas las investigaciones que se han realizado en España sobre la participación de los estudiantes en los procesos de evaluación entre iguales en el marco de la Educación Superior. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer con mayor precisión un proceso de evaluación participativa en el marco de un proyecto de aprendizaje cooperativo. Se recogieron datos de una muestra de 119 estudiantes matriculados en una asignatura del Grado de Magisterio en la Universidad de Alcalá. El procedimiento de recogida de datos fue online. Se diseñaron actividades de evaluación entre iguales y autoevaluación grupal. Los datos se compararon con las calificaciones emitidas por el profesor. Los resultados del análisis de contraste de medias arrojan una diferencia significativa de 1-2 puntos entre ambas puntuaciones a favor del alumnado. A pesar de esta sobrevaloración, el análisis de contenido del instrumento de autoevaluación concluye la utilidad de esta investigación: este tipo de procesos mejora capacidad formativa de los procesos de evaluación tanto para el discente como para el docente.In Spain only a limited number of studies have been done regarding students evaluating their peers in higher education. The objective of this article is to analyse the way in which students that have participated in a cooperative learning project evaluated their peers. Data were collected online from a sample of 119 bachelor students that were registered in a teacher training course at the University of Alcalá. Activities were designed for both peer evaluation and self-evaluation in group work. These student evaluations were compared with ratings given by the teacher. A contrast analysis showed a statistically significant difference of 1-2 points between the mean scores, in favour of the students. Despite these overestimated values, an analysis of the content from the self-evaluation tool showed its usefulness for improving the formative assessment process for both students and teachers

In silico drug prescription for targeting cancer patient heterogeneity and prediction of clinical outcome

In silico drug prescription tools for precision cancer medicine can match molecular alterations with tailored candidate treatments. These methodologies require large and well-annotated datasets to systematically evaluate their performance, but this is currently constrained by the lack of complete patient clinicopathological data. Moreover, in silico drug prescription performance could be improved by integrating additional tumour information layers like intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) which has been related to drug response and tumour progression. PanDrugs is an in silico drug prescription method which prioritizes anticancer drugs combining both biological and clinical evidence. We have systematically evaluated PanDrugs in the Genomic Data Commons repository (GDC). Our results showed that PanDrugs is able to establish an a priori stratification of cancer patients treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Patients labelled as responders according to PanDrugs predictions showed a significantly increased overall survival (OS) compared to non-responders. PanDrugs was also able to suggest alternative tailored treatments for non-responder patients. Additionally, PanDrugs usefulness was assessed considering spatial and temporal ITH in cancer patients and showed that ITH can be approached therapeutically proposing drugs or combinations potentially capable of targeting the clonal diversity. In summary, this study is a proof of concept where PanDrugs predictions have been correlated to OS and can be useful to manage ITH in patients while increasing therapeutic options and demonstrating its clinical utilityThis work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Marie-Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG334361); and Paradifference Foundatio

Preservation strategies for avoidance of salt crystallisation in El Paular Monastery cloister, Madrid, Spain

El Paular Monastery (eleventh century) is one of the most important Carthusian monasteries in Spain and is highly affected by crystallisation of Mg-sulphates, together with chlorides and nitrates. Urgent remediation of the decay process is needed to guarantee the stability of the building materials from the cloister and to make their hallways suitable for the exhibition of an important collection of seventeenth century paintings. This paper aims to characterise the building materials, salts and their interaction to suggest preservation strategies to minimise the impact of salts both in the short and the long term. These strategies include architectural solutions (such as a ventilation system to avoid increasing dampness and hence the dissolution, mobilisation and crystallisation of salts), petrophysical-based solutions (i. e. exploiting the porosity differences between building materials and poultices to maximise salt reduction) and strategies based on the physicochemical behaviour of salts and relative humidity transfer through the stone (to determine the most suitable environmental conditions to prevent crystallisation of the most harmful salt species). This research represents both a practical and experimental exercise that is useful for conservation scientists and restorers involved in the field of preservation of monuments, and for environmental control to avoid salt crystallisation

Effect of foot health-related quality of life in rural population: A case-control study

[Abstract] Background: Foot health problems can affect quality of life and general health producing a source of discomfort and pain. Low levels of foot health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are present in patients with foot disabilities, such as hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis, or minor toe deformities. Objective: The objective was to analyze the foot health status in patients with and without foot problems in a rural population and its relationship with quality of life. Material and methods: A prospective case-control study was developed with a sample of 152 patients, 76 subjects with podiatric pathologies and 76 without, in a rural population. HRQoL was measured through the SF-36 Health Questionnaire in the Spanish version. Results: The case group had a mean age of 49.18 ± 14.96 and the control group 44.16 ± 11.79. Regarding the score of the lowest levels of quality of life related to foot problems, the case group compared to the controls showed: for physical function (79.86 ± 26.38 vs. 92.63 ± 11 0.17, p < 0.001); for the physical role (73.68 ± 41.00 vs. 88.48 ± 27.51, p < 0.0022); for body pain (45.81 ± 27.18 vs. 73.68 ± 41.00, p < 0.035); and for general health (60.36 ± 30.58 vs. 68.71 ± 18.52, p < 0.047). The differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, which showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the rural population, people with foot pathologies present a worse quality of life compared to those who do not present foot pathology, especially for the health domains: physical function, physical role, body pain and health general

Relaxant effects of Peperomia hispidula (Sw.) A. Dietr. on isolated rat tracheal rings

Peperomia hispidula (Sw.) A. Dietr. is used in Mexican traditional medicine for treating respiratory illnesses such as asthma. The latter disorder results from an excessive and inappropriate constriction of airway smooth muscle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relaxant activity of P. hispidula on isolated rat tracheal rings contracted with carbachol. The methyleugenol was identified as the main active constituent in the dichloromethane extract. To explore the possible mechanism of action, concentration-response curves were constructed in the presence and absence of propranolol (3 μM), indomethacin (10 μM), glibenclamide (1 μM), and L-NAME (300μM), finding that neither reduced methyleugenol-induced smooth muscle relaxation. In conclusion, P. hispidula herein displayed relaxant activity on rat tracheal rings. The effect of methyleugenol, was probably not related to the activation of β2-adrenoceptors, prostaglandins, K+ATP channels or nitric oxide

Translated and adaptation into Persian of the podiatric health questionnaire (PHQ)

[Abstract] The Podiatric Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a foot health psicometric tool consisting of six items for measuring foot health status. Currently, PHQ has been adapted into Spanish. Thus, this research focused on develop the Persian translation and adaptation of the PHQ. The translation into Persian and test-retest reliability methods were applied from english version questionnarie. As regards to the total mark for each sub-scale, internal consistency and reliability were determined by the Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. High internal consistency was shown for the six sub-scales: a) walk with a Cronbach α of 0.775; b) hygiene and c) nail care with 0.789 and 0.796 respectively; d) foot on pain with 0.779; e) concern domain with 0.788; and f) quality of life with 0.798; and g) visual analogic scale with 0.803. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.912 [95% CI = 0.845–0.950]) was shown for the total score. Conclusions: The persian version of the PHQ was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for an acceptable use in the Iran population

Covert orienting of visuospatial attention in the early stages of aging

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses were recorded in healthy young (19–23 years) and older (56–66 years) subjects dur- ing the execution ofa visuospatial attention task. The objective was to test whether covert orienting of visuospatial attention (COVAT) is sensitive to the early stages of aging. All subjects responded faster to targets following valid than invalid cues.The amplitude of the P1component of visual event-related potentials (ERP) was larger to targets following central valid cues at all SOAs. Subtle age-related changes were observed in P1 amplitude under peripheral cueing. Furthermore, older subjects presented longer reaction times (RTs) and lower P1 amplitudes regardless ofthe attention condition.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia yTecnolog|ía (MCYT-DGI) grant BSO2000-0041; and by Xunta de Galicia grants PGIDT01PXI21101PN and PGIDT00PXI21102PRS

El Fan Page como estrategia de aprendizaje para la comprensión lectora de la obra «La Mujer Habitada» de Gioconda Belli (1988)

El presente trabajo investigativo describe la estrategia de aprendizaje “El Fan Page” para la comprensión lectora de novelas. El propósito de esta investigación es explicar el uso de una Fan Page como estrategia que contribuya a la comprensión lectora de la obra «La Mujer Habitada», con el fin de fortalecer la motivación y las macro habilidades de la comunicación de los estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje. El tema de investigación se seleccionó tomando en cuenta algunas experiencias vividas en las aulas de clase, durante las prácticas de profesionalización, donde se observó que la mayor parte de los estudiantes tienen acceso a un celular o Tablet con internet. Por otro lado, motivó el estudio del lanzamiento del aula virtual del MINED, como parte de la ejecución del programa tecnología educativa e igualmente, la estrategia está sugerida en temas y planes de estudio que expresa textualmente “La novela en otros formatos narrativos” (YouTube, audio libros) (MINED, 2019). La investigación se realizó con base al método de recopilación bibliográfica y registros documentales, luego se realizó la lectura y revisión de la información para seleccionar los aspectos más vinculados a la estrategia que se plantea: las definiciones, los pasos para crear una Fan Page y la metodología a seguir al momento de utilizarse en el aula de clase. En conclusión, una Fan Page es una estrategia de aprendizaje fácil de aplicar, adaptable a centros educativos que poseen aulas tecnológicas

PanDrugs2: prioritizing cancer therapies using integrated individual multi-omics data

Genomics studies routinely confront researchers with long lists of tumor alterations detected in patients. Such lists are difficult to interpret since only a minority of the alterations are relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and for designing therapeutic strategies. PanDrugs is a methodology that facilitates the interpretation of tumor molecular alterations and guides the selection of personalized treatments. To do so, PanDrugs scores gene actionability and drug feasibility to provide a prioritized evidence-based list of drugs. Here, we introduce PanDrugs2, a major upgrade of PanDrugs that, in addition to somatic variant analysis, supports a new integrated multi-omics analysis which simultaneously combines somatic and germline variants, copy number variation and gene expression data. Moreover, PanDrugs2 now considers cancer genetic dependencies to extend tumor vulnerabilities providing therapeutic options for untargetable genes. Importantly, a novel intuitive report to support clinical decision-making is generated. PanDrugs database has been updated, integrating 23 primary sources that support >74K drug–gene associations obtained from 4642 genes and 14 659 unique compounds. The database has also been reimplemented to allow semi-automatic updates to facilitate maintenance and release of future versions. PanDrugs2 does not require login and is freely available at https://www.pandrugs.org/.Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. IMP/00019Agencia Estatal de Investigacion | Ref. PID2021-124188NB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. | Ref. ED431C2018/55Xunta de Galicia | Ref. | Ref. ED431C2022/0