El trabajo de la Misión de Economía y Humanismo en Colombia 1954 - 1958

El presente trabajo de grado investiga la Misión de Economía y Humanismo (EH) en Colombia. Bajo la dirección del sacerdote francés Louis-Joseph Lebret O.P., EH comienza su trabajo en diciembre de 1954 y lo termina en julio de 1956. Sin embargo, el informe de su trabajo se publica dos años después, en octubre de 1958, por el contexto de crisis política. En primer lugar, esta investigación revela la manera en la que EH llega a Colombia. En segundo lugar, muestra los detalles del trabajo que realiza la misión, los cuales se pueden encontrar en el informe Lebret. Finalmente, explora cómo este trabajo fue inicialmente difundido en el país. El objetivo es contribuir a un tema inexplorado: la introducción del tercermundismo católico de Lebret en Colombia.This undergraduate thesis investigates the Mission of Economy and Humanism (EH) in Colombia. Under the direction of the French priest Louis-Joseph Lebret O.P., EH starts its work on December of 1954 and ends it on July of 1956. However, the report is published two years later, on October of 1958, due to the political crisis. In the firs place, this investigation reveals how is that EH arrives to Colombia. In the second place, it shows the details of the work they made, which can be found on Lebret s report. Finally, it explores the initial diffusion of this report in the country. The goal is to contribute to an unexplored topic: the introduction of Lebret s third-world Catholicism in Colombia.Sociólogo (a)Pregrad

Continuous Training and Certification in Neonatal Resuscitation in Remote Areas Using a Multi-Platform Information and Communication Technology Intervention, Compared to Standard Training: A Randomized Cluster Trial Study Protocol

Background: About 10% of all newborns may have difficulty breathing and require support by trained personnel. In Peru, 90% of deliveries occur in health facilities. However, there is not a national neonatal resuscitation and certification program for the public health sector. In addition, the Andes and the Amazon regions concentrate large rural remote areas, which further limit the implementation of training programs and the accomplishment of continuous certification. Neonatal resuscitation training through the use of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) tools, running on computers, tablets or mobile phones, may overcome such limitations. This strategy allows online and offline access to educational resources, paving the way to more frequent and efficient training, and certification processes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a neonatal resuscitation training and certification program that uses a Multi-Platform ICT (MP-ICT) strategy on neonatal health care in remote areas. Methods: We propose to conduct the study through a cluster-randomized trial, where the study and analysis unit is the health care facility. Eligible facilities will include primary and secondary health care level facilities that are located in provinces with neonatal mortality rates higher than 15 per 1,000 live births. We will compare the proportion of newborns with a heart rate ≥100 beats per minute at two minutes after birth in health care facilities that receive MP-ICT training and certification implementation, with those that receive standard training and certification. Discussion: We expect that the intervention will be shown as more effective than the current standard of care. We are prepared to include it within a national neonatal resuscitation training and certification program to be implemented at national scale together with policymakers and other key stakeholders. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Nº NCT03210194 Status of the study: This study is enrolling participants by invitation only. Study protocol version 1.1 – March 31st, 201

Extrinsic effects that influence the evaluations of the judges in morpho-functional horse-shows of Spanish Purebred horses

El caballo de Pura Raza Española (PRE) es la raza equina más importante de España desde el punto de vista censal, histórico y socio-económico. Aunque su Esquema de Selección contempla la valoración de los animales según su rendimiento deportivo, la conformación y el temperamento, tradicionalmente ha sido seleccionado por su morfología y su aptitud para la silla en concursos morfofuncionales. En estos concursos, los caballos de PRE agrupados en función de su sexo y edad, son evaluados subjetivamente, generalmente por 3 jueces de forma independiente. Estos jueces emiten puntuaciones sobre caracteres morfológicos (8), de movimientos (2) y funcionales (3, únicamente se emiten para los machos mayores de tres años), utilizando una escala numérica de 1 (muy malo) a 10 (muy bueno), con incrementos de 0,5 puntos. Para este estudio las puntuaciones se han combinado en tres notas globales por juez (morfológica, movimientos y funcional, calculadas a partir de las puntuaciones parciales). En este trabajo se han analizado los factores extrínsecos al propio juez (dependientes del animal y del concurso) que condicionan su actuación en los concursos y consecuentemente la clasificación de los animales. Así se ha estudiado el efecto de la capa, la edad, el sexo, y la ganadería del animal, el concurso, el año y la Comunidad Autónoma donde se ha celebrado la prueba, sobre las puntuaciones emitidas por cada juez (interacción del juez con los diferentes factores), así como el efecto del número de animales participantes, animales juzgados por cada juez y el orden de participación. Todos los factores estudiados han resultado ser estadísticamente significativos sobre las puntuaciones emitidas por los jueces.The Spanish Purebred (PRE) horse is the most important breed in Spain due to its census, and its historical and socio-economical importance. PRE horses are evaluated according to their sportive performance, conformation and temperament within the Breeding Scheme of this breed. Individuals (grouped by sex and age) are subjectively evaluated by judges in horse-shows. The aim of this study is to ascertain the influence of environmental factors (related to the animal and the show) influencing the scores and rankings. Up to 8 morphological, 2 movement and 3 functional (only in 3 years-old males) traits are scored by show-judges using a numerical scale from 1 (the worst) to 10 (the best). Here, 3 composite traits cha-racterising morphology, movement and functional performance of the individuals have been constructed using partial scores. The effects of the coat colour, age, sex, stud, show-horse, year of celebration, state, total number of animals, number of judged animals and the order within age-sex group on judgements have been tested besides some interactions between these effects. The statistical significance of the analysed effects on the scores given by the show-judges is discussed

Emotional strategies in physical education through learning service: application of the “feel while playing” program in primary students

Las emociones, la inteligencia emocional y la competencia socioemocional son algunos de los contenidos transversales que podemos desarrollar desde la Educación Física escolar. El juego motor es una fuente de estímulos y vivencias que favorece el desarrollo de las estructuras físicas y cerebrales que el alumnado de Primaria utilizará en su presente y futuro. El objeto de este estudio fue analizar las estrategias utilizadas para la resolución de conflictos tras la puesta en práctica de un programa de intervención denominado “Siente Jugando”, haciendo uso de la metodología Aprendizaje Servicio. La muestra estuvo formada por 93 participantes de Educación Primaria Obligatoria (EPO), de edades comprendidas entre los 6-8 años (41% chicas, 59% chicos) (48% de primer curso y 52% de segundo) y 50 participantes universitarios del segundo curso de Educación Infantil, quienes pusieron en práctica juegos que habían elaborado previamente para desarrollar los contenidos socioemocionales. Cada grupo desarrollaba las 6 emociones básicas y las 5 variables de la competencia (reconocimiento de emociones, autoconcepto, resolución de conflictos, conducta prosocial-altruista y empatía) durante 16 sesiones de 45 minutos (2 sesiones por semana). En los resultados, observamos un aumento significativo en el número de estrategias directas (p≤.000) e indirectas (p≤.000) tras la intervención. Sin embargo, aunque no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el número de estrategias agresivas, a efectos prácticos sí observamos una disminución en los mismos, que repercutió en un aumento de aquellas directas e indirectas.Emotions, emotional intelligence and socio-emotional competence are some of the transversal contents that we can develop in Primary Education, in the subject of Physical Education. The motor game is a source of stimuli and experiences that encourages the development of physical and cerebral structures that the primary learning students will use in their present and future. The purpose of this study was to analyze the strategies used for the resolution of conflicts after putting into practice an intervention program called “Feel while Playing”, through the use of Service Learning methodology. The sample was formed by 93 participants of Compulsory Primary Education, aged between 6-8 years (41% girls, 59% boys) (48% of first grade and 52% of second grade) and 50 college Second year of Early Childhood Education, who put into practice games that had been previously elaborated to develop socio-emotional contents. Each group developed the 6 basic emotions and the 5 competence variables (recognition of emotions, self-concept, conflict resolution, prosocial-altruistic behavior and empathy) during 16 sessions of 45 minutes (2 sessions per week). In the results, we observed a significant increase in the number of direct (p≤.000) and indirect (p≤.000) strategies after the intervention. However, despite the fact that we did not find statistically significant differences in the number of aggressive strategies, we observed a decrease in them, which resulted in increased direct and indirect ones

Participatory visioning for building disruptive future scenarios for transport and land use planning

Participatory visioning in transport scenario building can be particularly useful to anticipate and examine unexpected outcomes over long-term future timelines, providing broad legitimacy to today's decision-making processes. However, the strategic value of participatory approaches is increasingly being contested due to the difficulty to operationalize non-linear thinking, resulting in long-term visions similar to business-as-usual projections. To address this challenge, we developed and implemented a novel participatory visioning approach based on using semi-structured interviews that incorporate two types of wild cards &- low probability and high impact processes &- as disruptive visioning triggers: imaginable and unimaginable processes. A group of experts evaluated the level of disruptive thinking in the generated future visions. The Henares Corridor in the Metropolitan Area of Madrid, Spain provided the empirical focus. The results present a total of seven 2050 visions: one desired common vision plus six wild card visions. Higher levels of disruptive thinking were mainly present in those future visions generated by unimaginable processes, as such processes initiate highly diverging participant future views. It was also noted that smaller and specific groups of participants can visualize 2050 futures more disruptively. Conclusions and reflections on the strengths and weakness of the presented approach are drawn

Allergic conjunctivitis

La conjuntivitis alérgica es una de las causas más comunes de consulta externa en oftalmología y tiene una muy alta relación con las reacciones alérgicas sistémicas. La fisiopatología de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad nos hace entender los cuadros clínicos característicos de esta patología y sus diferentes grados de severidad. El diagnostico diferencial es amplio, sin embargo hay claves diagnosticas que nos orientan rápidamente al diagnostico correcto. El tratamiento se enfoca en las medidas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, utilizándolas en conjunto para disminuir la recurrencia del cuadro y prevenir secuelas visuales.[Wong CA, Gómez AJ, Delgado JA, Tello A. Conjuntivitis alérgica.Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common causes of outpatient consultation in ophthalmology and has a very high relationship with systemic allergic reactions. The pathophysiology of hypersensitivity reactions makes us understand the characteristic clinical pictures of this pathology and its different degrees of severity. The differential diagnosis is broad, however there are diagnostic clues that quickly guide us to the correct diagnosis. Treatment focuses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, using them together to reduce the recurrence of the symptoms and prevent visual sequelae.[Wong CA, Gómez AJ, Delgado JA, Tello A. Allergic conjunctivitis

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE ADQUISICIÓN DE IMÁGENES EMBEBIDO EN UN FPGA

El este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un sistema embebido para la adquisición y muestreo de imágenes utilizando como plataforma un dispositivo reconfigurable como lo es un FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), y como sensor una cámara CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor). Además, para la visualización de esta adquisición de imagen se utiliza un monitor con entrada VGA (Video Graphics Array).El área de procesamiento de imágenes se ha desarrollado considerablemente y sus aplicaciones se han visto reflejadas en una diversidad de campos de investigación, incluidas las industriales y las militares. Estas aplicaciones  tienen requerimientos importantes tales como velocidad, economía, precisión y una mayor capacidad en el almacenamiento y el procesamiento de las señales.Se ha usado un FPGA Spartan 6 como procesador dedicado para el diseño del sistema, en el cual; se configura un sensor de imagen CMOS para adquirir imagen en un formato determinado; se realiza el almacenamiento correcto de la imagen y posteriormente es desplegada en un monitor con puerto VGA. La imagen adquirida tiene un tamaño real de 640x480 pixeles

Tight blood pressure control decreases apoptosis during renal damage

Tight blood pressure control decreases apoptosis during renal damage.BackgroundAn excess rate of apoptosis could lead to the gradual loss of renal mass. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in the renal damage secondary to hypertension.MethodsSpontaneously hypertensive rats with 5/6 renal mass reduction (subtotal nephrectomy) were distributed to receive no-treatment, 200mg/L quinapril, 360mg/L losartan, or triple therapy (200mg/L hydralazine, 4mg/L reserpine, and 100mg/L hydrochlorothiazide) for 5weeks. Sham-operated spontaneously hypertensive rats served as controls. Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, with or without subtotal nephrectomy, were also studied.ResultsNontreated spontaneously hypertensive rats + subtotal nephrectomy developed proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesions. In comparison to spontaneously hypertensive rats, an increment in the number of [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)]-positive and apoptotic [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)]-positive tubular and glomerular cells was observed. By contrast, WKY + subtotal nephrectomy rats showed less severe morphologic lesions, and only the number of proliferating cells increased. By Western blot, an up-regulation of renal Bax (apoptosis inducer) was noted both in spontaneously hypertensive rats + subtotal nephrectomy and WKY + subtotal nephrectomy rats. By contrast, Bcl-xL (apoptosis protector) was up-regulated in WKY + subtotal nephrectomy rats but not in spontaneously hypertensive rats + subtotal nephrectomy. The administration of appropriate doses of quinapril, losartan, or triple therapy to spontaneously hypertensive rats + subtotal nephrectomy normalized systolic blood pressure, partially prevented proteinuria, renal lesions and apoptosis, and decreased Bax, but no changes were noted in Bcl-xL. The Bax/Bcl-xL index was significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats + subtotal nephrectomy compared to sham-operated spontaneously hypertensive rats and decreased in treated groups.ConclusionThe combination of renal mass reduction and hypertension caused severe renal lesions associated to an increment of apoptosis rate, mainly in tubular epithelial cells. Tight blood pressure control decreased the apoptosis rate and morphologic lesions. These studies suggest that changes in the expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes contribute to the progressive damage in hypertensive rats with renal mass reduction

Bisphenol A Induces Accelerated Cell Aging in Murine Endothelium.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine disruptor affecting many organs and systems. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that BPA could induce death due to necroptosis in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). This work aims to evaluate the possible involvement of BPA-induced senescence mechanisms in endothelial cells. The β-Gal assays showed interesting differences in cell senescence at relatively low doses (100 nM and 5 µM). Western blots confirmed that proteins involved in senescence mechanisms, p16 and p21, were overexpressed in the presence of BPA. In addition, the UPR (unfolding protein response) system, which is part of the senescent phenotype, was also explored by Western blot and qPCR, confirming the involvement of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway (related to pathological processes). The endothelium of mice treated with BPA showed an evident increase in the expression of the proteins p16, p21, and CHOP, confirming the results observed in cells. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by BPA leads to UPR activation and senescence since pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in BPA-treated cells reduced the percentage of senescent cells prevented the overexpression of proteins related to BPA-induced senescence and reduced the activation of the UPR system. The results suggest that BPA participates actively in accelerated cell aging mechanisms, affecting the vascular endothelium and promoting cardiovascular diseases.post-print3206 K

A Simulation Study of an Inverse Controller for Closed and Semiclosed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Closed-loop control algorithms in diabetes aim to calculate the optimum insulin delivery to maintain the patient in a normoglycemic state, taking the blood glucose level as the algorithm's main input. The major difficulties facing these algorithms when applied subcutaneously are insulin absorption time and delays in measurement of subcutaneous glucose with respect to the blood concentration. Methods: This article presents an inverse controller (IC) obtained by inversion of an existing mathematical model and validated with synthetic patients simulated with a different model and is compared with a proportional-integral-derivative controller. Results: Simulated results are presented for a mean patient and for a population of six simulated patients. The IC performance is analyzed for both full closed-loop and semiclosed-loop control. The IC is tested when initialized with the heuristic optimal gain, and it is compared with the performance when the initial gain is deviated from the optimal one (±10%). Conclusions: The simulation results show the viability of using an IC for closed-loop diabetes control. The IC is able to achieve normoglycemia over long periods of time when the optimal gain is used (63% for the full closed-loop control, and it is increased to 96% for the semiclosed-loop control