293 research outputs found
Assessment of Environmental Noise in Cities: A Theoretical Approach:
Environmental noise is a major problem with increasing presence in cities; its effects are not only assimilated into the environment, but also impact on human health. Noise sources are part of the city's daily life and it has not yet been given due attention, although prolonged exposure causes often irreversible physiological and psychosomatic damage.
This paper presents a theoretical approach from several authors that expose the different tools that can be used the measurement and evaluation of environmental noise. These authors, to explain the causes and effect of environmental noise in cities consider various variables such as: sound pressure levels, weather conditions and urban structure
Spatially resolved stress measurements in materials with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography: image acquisition and processing aspects
We demonstrate that polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
(PS-OCT) is suitable to map the stress distribution within materials in a
contactless and non-destructive way. In contrast to transmission
photoelasticity measurements the samples do not have to be transparent but can
be of scattering nature. Denoising and analysis of fringe patterns in single
PS-OCT retardation images are demonstrated to deliver the basis for a
quantitative whole-field evaluation of the internal stress state of samples
under investigation.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; Copyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008; The
definitive version is available at: www.blackwell-synergy.co
Proposal of a Model for IT Service Continuity Management
Micro and small companies in the software area now represent more than 90% of organizations in the country and grow 6% annually on average. However, the lack of planning in these companies in business continuity management contributes to their mortality when problems occur, such as disasters and disruption of system services. The implementation of IT Service Continuity Management as a tool for planning would be the solution. This research presents the current level of maturity of these companies in a Micro scenario and Small IT Companies in Paraná, at Londrina and Cascavel region
O que dizem os livros didáticos de Biologia sobre a experimentação?!...
No ensino de Ciências e Biologia, a experimentação pode ser uma ferramenta didática muito importante e válida, se bem contextualizada e articulada, pode gerar conhecimentos significativos nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Para isto, além de levar em conta o modo com que os experimentos estão inseridos nos livros didáticos, há necessidade de o professor saber articular as atividades dentro do processo de ensino, procurando ser simultaneamente um professor reflexivo e pesquisador, para assim, saber usar as ferramentas que o livro didático traz de maneira dinâmica e consciente, sem se prender apenas às propostas do livro. Tendo em vista esta perspectiva, realizamos uma pesquisa em 12 Livros Didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio (LDBEM), sendo ela do tipo análise documental. Identificamos e analisamos a maneira com que a experimentação está inserida nesses livros didáticos, tendo como resultado a observação de duas categorias diferentes de experimentação, sendo estas classificadas: como reproducionista(8:12) e investigativa(4:12), ponderando que, dentre outras coisas, a primeira torna o aluno um mero receptor do conhecimento e segunda, torna-o principal articulador do processo de investigação e construção do conhecimento. Observamos também que a ciência reproducionista ainda está muito presente nos livros didáticos utilizados para o ensino de Biologia, desencadeando com isso várias consequências significativas no que se diz respeito ao ensino, bem como no que se diz respeito às visões distorcidas de Ciência, sendo estas muito presentes em nosso cotidiano
Diseño y construcción de un prototipo pulverizador de panela con la metrologÃa apropiada para el control de las variables fÃsicas que intervienen en el proceso de cristalización
En este artÃculo se muestran los resultados preliminares del proyecto "Diseño y construcción de un prototipo Pulverizador de panela con la metrologÃa apropiada para el control de las variables fÃsicas que intervienen en el proceso de cristalización", dirigido al mejoramiento y desarrollo tecnológico de las pequeñas y medianas empresas productoras de panela de la región, optimizando la determinación empÃrica del proceso de pulverización, implementando herramientas tecnológicas como la automatización industrial y el control de proceso. Todo con el ánimo de brindar mayores ventajas competitivas al sector productivo y garantizar la calidad del producto al consumidor final
The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in superclusters of galaxies using gasdynamical simulations: the case of Corona Borealis
[Abridged] We study the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect
associated with superclusters of galaxies using the MareNostrum Universe SPH
simulation. We consider superclusters similar to the Corona Borealis
Supercluster (CrB-SC). This paper is motivated by the detection at 33GHz of a
strong temperature decrement in the CMB towards the core of this supercluster.
Multifrequency observations with VSA and MITO suggest the existence of a
thermal SZ effect component in the spectrum of this cold spot, which would
account for roughly 25% of the total observed decrement. We identify nine
regions containing superclusters similar to CrB-SC, obtain the associated SZ
maps and calculate the probability of finding such SZ signals arising from hot
gas within the supercluster. Our results show that WHIM produces a thermal SZ
effect much smaller than the observed value. Neither can summing the
contribution of small clusters and galaxy groups in the region explain the
amplitude of the SZ signal. When we take into account the actual posterior
distribution from the observations, the probability that WHIM can cause a
thermal SZ signal like the one observed is <1%, rising up to a 3.2% when the
contribution of small clusters and galaxy groups is included. If the
simulations provide a suitable description of the gas physics, then we conclude
that the thermal SZ component of the CrB spot most probably arises from an
unknown galaxy cluster along the line of sight. The simulations also show that
the kinetic SZ signal associated with the supercluster cannot provide an
explanation for the remaining 75% of the observed cold spot in CrB.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 9 figure
Presença de sintomatologia de desidratação após o exercÃcio fÃsico em academia do municÃpio de São Paulo
Durante a prática da atividade fÃsica ocorre a elevação da temperatura corporal e perda de lÃquidos, e caso não haja reposição adequada pode ser desencadeada desidratação, que prejudica o desempenho fÃsico e produz risco para a saúde. Dada a importância da hidratação na atividade fÃsica, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a presença de sintomas relacionados à desidratação em praticantes de diferentes tipos de aulas aeróbicas em uma academia de São Paulo, entre agosto e setembro de 2014. A amostra foi composta por 48 mulheres com idade média de 43,4 anos (DP=11,0), frequentadoras de Power Jump, Body Combatâ„¢ e CXWORXâ„¢, todas com aproximadamente 45 minutos de duração. As participantes responderam a um questionário sobre hidratação e sintomatologia da sede com 10 perguntas objetivas. Nas respostas ao questionário percebeu-se que a maioria das avaliadas (89,6%) relataram que hidratavam-se, rotineiramente, durante as aulas, sendo a água o único lÃquido consumido. O sintoma mais citado foi a sede (60,4%), sendo que a aula de CXWORXâ„¢ apresentou o maior percentual de mulheres com sensação de “boca seca†(50%) e sede (75%). Mesmo dentre as 21 alunas (43,6%) que consideraram os treinos com intensidade “leve e moderadaâ€, 71,4% (n=15) delas descreveram sede, indicando um grau inicial de desidratação. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que talvez haja inadequação no consumo de lÃquidos das mulheres, devido aos sintomas, mesmo que leves. Assim, é necessário conscientizá-las quanto à importância de uma hidratação adequada na prática da atividade fÃsica, sendo o profissional nutricionista o mais apropriado para este fim.ABSTRACTPresence of dehydration symptomatology after physical exercise at gym São PauloDuring physical activity the elevation of body temperature and fluid loss occurs and if there is no adequate replacement, dehydration may happen which impairs at physical performance and produces health risks. Given the importance of hydration in physical activity the aim of this study was to verify the presence of dehydration symptoms in women that practices different types of aerobic activities at a gym academy in São Paulo, between august and September of 2014. The sample consisted of 48 women with mean age of 43.4 years (SD=11.0) who attended Power Jump, Body Combatâ„¢ and CXWORXâ„¢, all with 45 minutes. The participants answered a questionnaire about hydration and thirst symptomatology composed by 10 objective questions. The questionnaire responses showed that the majority of the women evaluated (89.6%) reported that hydration was made as a routine during the classes, and that water was the only liquid consumed. The symptom most often cited was the thirst (60.4%), and the class CXWORXâ„¢ presented the highest prevalence of women that described "dry mouth" (50%) and thirst (75%). Even among the 21 women (43.6%) that felt that the training had "mild to moderate†intensity, 71.4% (n=15) described thirst, indicating an initial degree of dehydration. The results showed that there might be an inadequate fluid intake in these women, due to the presented symptoms, even mild ones. Thus, it is necessary to educate them and make them aware of the importance of the proper hydration in physical activity, being the professional nutritionist most suitable for this purpose
Optical emission from massive donors in ULX binary systems
We present evolutionary tracks of binary systems with high mass companion
stars and stellar-through-intermediate mass BHs. Using Eggleton's stellar
evolution code, we compute the luminosity produced by accretion from the donor
during its entire evolution. We compute also the evolution of the optical
spectrum of the binary system taking the disc contribution and irradiation
effects into account. The calculations presented here can be used to constrain
the properties of the donor stars in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources by comparing
their position on the HR or color-magnitude diagrams with the evolutionary
tracks of massive BH binaries. This approach may actually provide interesting
clues also on the properties of the binary system itself, including the BH
mass. We found that, on the basis of their position on the color-magnitude
diagram, some of the candidate counterparts considered can be ruled out and
more stringent constraints can be applied to the donor masses.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to MNRA
Medición y análisis de la audiencia de emisora comunitaria en el Municipio de San Gil
Desde sus inicios, la radio comunitaria tuvo muchas dificultades para desarrollarse debido a la insuficiente inversión económica que recibió del sector privado y público. Aun cuando el valor de dicha asistencia no sea verdaderamente significativo, su importancia en las comunidades ha generado valiosos resultados pedagógicos y sociales. Con esto en mente, la actual investigación partió del planteamiento de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los mejores horarios que puede utilizar la emisora para la venta de espacios publicitarios, que permitan una mayor incidencia en la vida de las comunidades sonoras y asÃ, lograr una mayor audiencia? El principal objetivo de la investigación fue medir y analizar las audiencias locales de los diferentes programas radiales de la Emisora Comunitaria de San Gil, Santander. La metodologÃa utilizada fue de tipo descriptivo, aplicando una encuesta basada en el documento del Ministerio de TecnologÃas de la Información y las Comunicaciones titulado Manual metodológico para la medición y análisis local de audiencias de las emisoras comunitarias en Colombia: “Analizar audiencias construir nuestros sueñosâ€, encuesta que aplicada a los habitantes mayores de 15 años del Municipio de San Gil. Con la aplicación de la encuesta se logró detectar un promedio de 13 emisoras de Ãndole nacional y local que cuentan con una gran audiencia. También, se identificó que la emisora comercial (con un porcentaje del 42,96% de los encuestados) es la principal competencia de la emisora estudiada (con un porcentaje del 23,71%)
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