Efeitos protetores dos alimentos andinos contra os danos produzidos pelo álcool ao nível do epitélio intestinal, uma aproximação estatística

The intestinal epithelial barrier is highly regulated and allows the selective passage of nutrients, while being impermeable to harmful substances. The junctions between the cells of this epithelium have protein structures that are responsible for maintaining this impermeability. There are substances that can damage the impermeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, such as ethanol. There are substances in food that reduce the damage that this barrier can suffer. In this work, we sought to relate patterns of alcohol consumption, quality of life from the point of view of intestinal health and the frequency of consumption of food groups.La barrera epitelial intestinal es altamente regulada y permite el pasaje selectivo de nutrientes, mientras que es impermeable a sustancias nocivas. Las uniones entre las células de este epitelio tienen estructuras proteicas que son responsables de mantener dicha impermeabilidad. Existen sustancias que pueden dañar la impermeabilidad de la barrera epitelial intestinal, como el etanol. Existen sustancias en los alimentos que aminoran el daño que puede sufrir la mencionada barrera. En este trabajo se buscó relacionar patrones de consumo de alcohol, la calidad de vida desde el punto de vista de la salud intestinal y la frecuencia de consumo de grupos de alimentos  Si bien no se pudo encontrar una relación clara entre el consumo de ciertos alimentos y la calidad de vida, para los distintos patrones de consumo de alcohol, existe una clara relación inversa entre el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de vida.A barreira epitelial intestinal é altamente regulada e permite a passagem seletiva de nutrientes, sendo impermeável a substâncias nocivas. As junções entre as células desse epitélio possuem estruturas proteicas que são responsáveis por manter essa impermeabilidade. Existem substâncias que podem danificar a impermeabilidade da barreira epitelial intestinal, tais como o etanol. Existem substâncias nos alimentos que reduzem os danos que essa barreira pode sofrer. Neste trabalho, buscou-se relacionar padrões de consumo de álcool, qualidade de vida do ponto de vista da saúde intestinal e a frequência de consumo de grupos de alimentos

Normal Ethanol Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance Require the G Protein Receptor Kinase 2 in Ellipsoid Body Neurons in Drosophila

© 2020 The Authors. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Research Society on Alcoholism Background: G protein signaling pathways are key neuromodulatory mechanisms for behaviors and neurological functions that affect the impact of ethanol (EtOH) on locomotion, arousal, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we report a novel role for the Drosophila G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GPRK2) as a member of the GRK4/5/6 subfamily in modulating EtOH-induced behaviors. Methods: We studied the requirement of Drosophila Gprk2 for naïve sensitivity to EtOH sedation and ability of the fly to develop rapid tolerance after a single exposure to EtOH, using the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and fly group activity monitor (FlyGrAM) assays. Results: Loss-of-function Gprk2 mutants demonstrate an increase in alcohol-induced hyperactivity, reduced sensitivity to the sedative effects of EtOH, and diminished rapid tolerance after a single intoxicating exposure. The requirement for Gprk2 in EtOH sedation and rapid tolerance maps to ellipsoid body neurons within the Drosophila brain, suggesting that wild-type Gprk2 is required for modulation of locomotion and alertness. However, even though Gprk2 loss of function leads to decreased and fragmented sleep, this change in the sleep state does not depend on Gprk2 expression in the ellipsoid body. Conclusion: Our work on GPRK2 has established a role for this GRK4/5/6 subfamily member in EtOH sensitivity and rapid tolerance

Meiotic studies in <i>Dysdercus</i> Guérin Meneville, 1831 (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) : II. Evidence on variations of the diffuse stage between wild and laboratory-inbred populations of <i>Dysdercus chaquensis</i> Freiberg, 1948

Dysdercus Guerin Meneville, 1831 comprises insect species that are often serious pests of cotton both in the Old and New World, representing the only taxon from Pyrrhocoridae in the Neotropical Region. The genus is cytologically characterized by possession of holokinetic chromosomes and a prereductional type of meiosis. So far, only seven species from the Old World and five species from the Neotropical Region have been cytogenetically described. In the present report we compare the male meiosis from both natural and inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948. Our results demonstrated that even though both populations share the same diploid chromosome number, the presence of a diffuse stage was found to be committed to the wild population of the species. Furthermore, the diffuse stage was found in a high frequency in all analysed wild specimens, indicating the long duration of this period among the regular meiosis of D. chaquensis. Taking into account that the diffuse stage is connected with an intense and long period of cellular growth, and with an important transcriptional activity, the absence of this stage in all the inbred specimens of D. chaquensis could be related with the lack of unfavourable physiological conditions due to the environmental uniformity along seven years of inbreeding.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Meiotic studies in Dysdercus Guérin Méneville, 1831 (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). II. Evidence on variations of the diffuse stage between wild and laboratory-inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948

Fil: Bressa, María José. Cátedra de Citología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fumagalli, Emiliano. Cátedra de Citología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ituarte, Santiago. Cátedra de Citología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Frassa, María Victoria. Cátedra de Citología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Cátedra de Citología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers

About 100 km east of Rome, in the central Apennine Mountains, a critically endangered population of ∼50 brown bears live in complete isolation. Mating outside this population is prevented by several 100 km of bear-free territories. We exploited this natural experiment to better understand the gene and genomic consequences of surviving at extremely small population size. We found that brown bear populations in Europe lost connectivity since Neolithic times, when farming communities expanded and forest burning was used for land clearance. In central Italy, this resulted in a 40-fold population decline. The overall genomic impact of this decline included the complete loss of variation in the mitochondrial genome and along long stretches of the nuclear genome. Several private and deleterious amino acid changes were fixed by random drift; predicted effects include energy deficit, muscle weakness, anomalies in cranial and skeletal development, and reduced aggressiveness. Despite this extreme loss of diversity, Apennine bear genomes show nonrandom peaks of high variation, possibly maintained by balancing selection, at genomic regions significantly enriched for genes associated with immune and olfactory systems. Challenging the paradigm of increased extinction risk in small populations, we suggest that random fixation of deleterious alleles (i) can be an important driver of divergence in isolation, (ii) can be tolerated when balancing selection prevents random loss of variation at important genes, and (iii) is followed by or results directly in favorable behavioral changes

Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers

About 100 km east of Rome, in the central Apennine Mountains, a critically endangered population of &sim;50 brown bears live in complete isolation. Mating outside this population is prevented by several 100 km of bear-free territories. We exploited this natural experiment to better understand the gene and genomic consequences of surviving at extremely small population size. We found that brown bear populations in Europe lost connectivity since Neolithic times, when farming communities expanded and forest burning was used for land clearance. In central Italy, this resulted in a 40-fold population decline. The overall genomic impact of this decline included the complete loss of variation in the mitochondrial genome and along long stretches of the nuclear genome. Several private and deleterious amino acid changes were fixed by random drift; predicted effects include energy deficit, muscle weakness, anomalies in cranial and skeletal development, and reduced aggressiveness. Despite this extreme loss of diversity, Apennine bear genomes show nonrandom peaks of high variation, possibly maintained by balancing selection, at genomic regions significantly enriched for genes associated with immune and olfactory systems. Challenging the paradigm of increased extinction risk in small populations, we suggest that random fixation of deleterious alleles (i) can be an important driver of divergence in isolation, (ii) can be tolerated when balancing selection prevents random loss of variation at important genes, and (iii) is followed by or results directly in favorable behavioral changes.Additional co-authors: Claudio Groff, Ladislav Paule, Leonardo Gentile, Carles Vilà, Saverio Vicario, Luigi Boitani, Ludovic Orlando, Silvia Fuselli, Cristiano Vernesi, Beth Shapiro, Paolo Ciucci, and Giorgio Bertorell

Multiple-magnon excitations shape the spin spectrum of cuprate parent compounds

Thanks to high resolution and polarization analysis, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) magnetic spectra of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2 and CaCuO2 reveal a rich set of properties of the spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic square lattice of cuprates. The leading single-magnon peak energy dispersion is in excellent agreement with the corresponding inelastic neutron scattering measurements. However, the RIXS data unveil an asymmetric lineshape possibly due to odd higher order terms. Moreover, a sharp bimagnon feature emerges from the continuum at (1/2,0), coincident in energy with the bimagnon peak detected in optical spectroscopy. These findings show that the inherently complex spin spectra of cuprates, an exquisite manifestation of quantum magnetism, can be effectively explored by exploiting the richness of RIXS cross sections.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Climate change impacts and adaptation in Europe

The JRC PESETA IV study shows that ecosystems, people and economies in the EU will face major impacts from climate change if we do not urgently mitigate greenhouse gas emissions or adapt to climate change. The burden of climate change shows a clear north-south divide, with southern regions in Europe much more impacted, through the effects of extreme heat, water scarcity, drought, forest fires and agriculture losses. Limiting global warming to well below 2°C would considerably reduce climate change impacts in Europe. Adaptation to climate change would further minimize unavoidable impacts in a cost-effective manner, with considerable co-benefits from nature-based solutions.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Efectos protectores de los alimentos andinos contra el daño producido por el alcohol a nivel del epitelio intestinal, una aproximación estadística

A barreira epitelial intestinal é altamente regulada e permite a passagem seletiva de nutrientes, sendo impermeável a substâncias nocivas. As junções entre as células desse epitélio possuem estruturas proteicas que são responsáveis por manter essa impermeabilidade. Existem substâncias que podem danificar a impermeabilidade da barreira epitelial intestinal, tais como o etanol. Existem substâncias nos alimentos que reduzem os danos que essa barreira pode sofrer. Neste trabalho, buscou-se relacionar padrões de consumo de álcool, qualidade de vida do ponto de vista da saúde intestinal e a frequência de consumo de grupos de alimentos.La barrera epitelial intestinal es altamente regulada y permite el pasaje selectivo de nutrientes, mientras que es impermeable a sustancias nocivas. Las uniones entre las células de este epitelio tienen estructuras proteicas que son responsables de mantener dicha impermeabilidad. Existen sustancias que pueden dañar la impermeabilidad de la barrera epitelial intestinal, como el etanol. Existen sustancias en los alimentos que aminoran el daño que puede sufrir la mencionada barrera. En este trabajo se buscó relacionar patrones de consumo de alcohol, la calidad de vida desde el punto de vista de la salud intestinal y la frecuencia de consumo de grupos de alimentos  Si bien no se pudo encontrar una relación clara entre el consumo de ciertos alimentos y la calidad de vida, para los distintos patrones de consumo de alcohol, existe una clara relación inversa entre el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de vida.The intestinal epithelial barrier is highly regulated and allows the selective passage of nutrients, while being impermeable to harmful substances. The junctions between the cells of this epithelium have protein structures that are responsible for maintaining this impermeability. There are substances that can damage the impermeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, such as ethanol. There are substances in food that reduce the damage that this barrier can suffer. In this work, we sought to relate patterns of alcohol consumption, quality of life from the point of view of intestinal health and the frequency of consumption of food groups

Meiotic studies in Dysdercus Guérin Méneville, 1831 (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). II. Evidence on variations of the diffuse stage between wild and laboratory-inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948

Dysdercus Guérin Méneville, 1831 comprises insect species that are often serious pests of cotton both in the Old and New World, representing the only taxon from Pyrrhocoridae in the Neotropical Region. The genus is cytologically characterized by possession of holokinetic chromosomes and a prereductional type of meiosis. So far, only seven species from the Old World and five species from the Neotropical Region have been cytogenetically described. In the present report we compare the male meiosis from both natural and inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948. Our results demonstrated that even though both populations share the same diploid chromosome number, the presence of a diffuse stage was found to be committed to the wild population of the species. Furthermore, the diffuse stage was found in a high frequency in all analysed wild specimens, indicating the long duration of this period among the regular meiosis of D. chaquensis. Taking into account that the diffuse stage is connected with an intense and long period of cellular growth, and with an important transcriptional activity, the absence of this stage in all the inbred specimens of D. chaquensis could be related with the lack of unfavourable physiological conditions due to the environmental uniformity along seven years of inbreeding