Unbeabsichtigte Folgen gesellschaftlichen Handelns als Spätfolge der Prozesse der "Konstitution sozialer Probleme" und ihrer Selektionsleistungen

Der Verfasser behandelt zunächst die Problematik des Konzeptes der 'unbeabsichtigten Folgen gesellschaftlichen Handelns', dessen handlungstheoretische Implikationen und struktur-funktionalistischen Kontext er aufzeigt. Er gibt dann einen Überblick über die vor allem von interaktionistischen Positionen ausgehende Kritik am Strukturfunktionalismus und erarbeitet eine 'Definition des Gegenstandes und der Aufgabe einer Theorie sozialer Probleme'. Der 'Prozeßcharakter' sozialer Probleme wird deutlich in Ansätzen, die 'Phasenmodelle' sozialer Probleme von der Konstitution bis zur Implementierung von Lösungsvorschlägen entwickeln ('natural history'-Ansatz). Abschließend wird die Tauglichkeit des Konzepts der 'unbeabsichtigten Folgen gesellschaftlichen Handelns' im Kontext einer interaktionistischen Theorie sozialer Probleme untersucht. (WZ

Gesellschaftliche Entwicklung und Sanktionseinstellungen: Anmerkungen zur deutschen kriminalpolitischen Diskussion

'Ausgehend von einigen aktuellen Mediennotizen über die kriminalpolitische Wende (Punitivität) auch in der Bundesrepublik wird zunächst die These der Scharfmacher-Rolle der Medien diskutiert, anschließend die Leugnung der kriminalpolitischen Entwicklung durch die deutsche Kriminologie dargestellt. Abschließend wird die These der sozialstrukturellen Verursachung der Punitivität skizziert.' (Autorenreferat)'On the basis of some recent media-notes about the dramatic repressive change in criminal politics (punitiveness) the article starts with the discussion of the widely hold thesis of the agitator role of the mass media. It proceeds with a debate about the denial of the growing punitivity also in this country by German criminologists and closes with some reflections about the extra-criminological socio-economic factors of the punitive development.' (author's abstract)

Hydraulics link leaf shape and environmental niche in terrestrial bromeliads

Terrestrial species of the megadiverse bromeliad family display a wide variety of leaf shapes, many of which have evolved convergently in different lineages. Here, I examine the links between leaf shape, venation architecture, hydraulic function, and bioclimatic relations in two bromeliad groups displaying diverse leaf shapes, the genus Pitcairnia (Pitcairnioideae) and the terrestrial grade of the Bromelioideae subfamily. Leaf shapes with broader leaf blades, notably petiolate and lanceolate morphologies, tend to show wider vein spacing, which is associated with reduced hydraulic capacity and higher hydraulic vulnerability. In turn, these leaf shapes tend to occur in species restricted to moist, aseasonal environments, suggesting that hydraulic function is an important mediator of the relationship between leaf shape and bromeliad environmental niches. This network of trait–trait and trait–environment relationships may have been of profound important in the ecological and evolutionary diversification of the bromeliads. Similar structure–function principles are likely to apply in other tropical herbaceous monocots, which are of great ecological importance but generally neglected in plant hydraulic research.JM is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council award 1359020

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Gene Family

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin supergene family and can be divided into two main subgroups based on sequence comparisons. In humans it is clustered on the long arm of chromosome 19 and consists of approximately 20 genes. The CEA subgroup genes code for CEA and its classical crossreacting antigens, which are mainly membrane-bound, whereas the other subgroup genes encode the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG), which are secreted. Splice variants of individual genes and differential post-translational modifications of the resulting proteins, e.g., by glycosylation, indicate a high complexity in the number of putative CEA-related molecules. So far, only a limited number of CEA-related antigens in humans have been unequivocally assigned to a specific gene. Rodent CEA-related genes reveal a high sequence divergence and, in part, a completely different domain organization than the human CEA gene family, making it difficult to determine individual gene counterparts. However, rodent CEA-related genes can be assigned to human subgroups based on similarity of expression patterns, which is characteristic for the subgroups. Various functions have been determined for members of the CEA subgroup in vitro, including cell adhesion, bacterial binding, an accessory role for collagen binding or ecto-ATPases activity. Based on all that is known so far on its biology, the clinical outlook for the CEA family has been reassessed

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И ОПИСАНИЕ БЫТОВЫХ ГАЗОВЫХ СЧЕТЧИКОВ

В работе описывается исследование бытовых газовых счетчиков, их разновидности по принципу действия, основные преимущества и их метрологические характеристики. А также рассмотрены характеристики природного газа