O QUE SE PESQUISA EM ENFERMAGEM

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar dissertações produzidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da UFC, buscando evidenciar relações entre essa produção intelectual e prioridades de saúde da população de Fortaleza. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que cobriu 48 dissertações defendidas no período de 1993 até março do ano de 1999. Como resultado do estudo, constatou-se que, ao contrário da enorme dinâmica em que se manifestam os fenômenos determinantes do processo saúde-doença na cidade de Fortaleza – seguindo assim uma realidade ditada pelo clima variável, a sazonalidade, os surtos e epidemias, bem como fatores socioeconômicos e os relacionados com a hereditariedade – as dissertações de mestrado, elaboradas e defendidas no intervalo de tempo considerado, mantiveram um mesmo perfil de abordagem, perfil caracterizado por grande variedade de temas desenvolvidos, sem que, necessariamente, figurem como foco principal de interesse processos mórbidos definidores da realidade epidemiológica local.The objective of this research was to analyze dissertations produced in the Program of Masters degree in nursing of UFC, intending to evidence relationships between intellectual production and health priorities of the population of Fortaleza. The study is about a bibliographical research over 48 defended dissertations in the period of 1993 until March, 1999. As a result of the study, it was verified that, unlike the enormous dynamics that the decisive phenomena of the process of health-disease was shown in the city of Fortaleza – following a reality dictated by the variable weather, the seasons and epidemics, as well as social-economics factor and others related with the heredity – the master’s degree dissertations, elaborated and defended in the considered interval of time, maintained the same approach profile, which was characterized by the great variety of developed themes, without, necessarily, represent as main focus of interest, morbid processes that define the real status of the local epidemic

Comunicação em saúde por meio do ambiente virtual: relato de experiência

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da estratégia de comunicação em saúde por meio de hospedagem de vídeos de saúde em um ambiente virtual.Método: relato de experiência com educação em saúde por hospedagem de vídeos nos temas reanimação cardiopulmonar, obstrução da via aérea por corpos estranhos e hemorragias, utilizando páginas da internet (site) de compartilhamento de vídeos (YouTube), páginas acessíveis na internet (websites) e ferramentas para melhorarem tarefas (aplicativos). Resultados: em dezessete meses, houve 31.727 visualizações para os temas de reanimação e obstrução, onde sessenta e nove países acessaram os vídeos, com destaque para Brasil e Estados Unidos; os vídeos de hemorragias tiveram 5.400 visualizações, pelos mesmos países. Considerações finais: a utilização da comunicação por meio de hospedagem de vídeos de saúde em um ambiente virtual é de extrema importância para educação popular.Palavras chave: Emergências. Mídias sociais. Educação em saúde. Participação da comunidade

Canine Cystitis Caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

Background: Urinary tract infection in dogs is usually associated with the presence of bacteria, with a higher prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria, represented mainly by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus spp., followed by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. There are scant reports of Salmonella spp. as the causative agent of urinary tract infection in dogs.  Indeed, the literature describes only a few cases, most of which involve the isolation of these bacteria in feces. This paper reports a case of canine cystitis caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the northeast region of Brazil.Case: A female dog of the Fila Brasileiro breed, about 9 year-old, wormed but unvaccinated, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco – UFRPE.  The dog showed clinical signs of apathy, cachexia, polyphagia, polyuria and opacity of the crystalline lens. The dog’s owner stated that the animal was fed with commercial dog food. In the clinical exam, the patient presented pale mucosa, cachexia, absence of ectoparasites, and her rectal temperature was 39.5°C. Moreover, cardiorespiratory auscultation of the patient revealed tachycardia (190 bpm) and tachypnea (36 bpm). The owner’s main complaint was the clinical condition of frequent urination (polyuria). A urinalysis and urine culture with antibiogram were requested as complementary exams, after collecting the urine by cystocentesis. The volume obtained in the physical examination of urinalysis was 7 mL of yellow urine with a putrid smell, cloudy appearance and density of 1.024. The chemical examination revealed pH 6.5, protein (+++), bilirubin (+), normal urobilinogen and negative reactions for glycoses, ketone, nitrite and urine occult blood. Bacteriuria and pyuria were detected in a urine sediment test. Urine was cultured on blood agar and Levine agar in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C under aerobiosis, for 24 h. This culture produced an exuberant and pure growth of glossy grey bacterial colonies on blood agar and glossy colonies on Levine agar. The Gram test revealed gram-negative bacilli. The sample was subjected to biochemical tests to identify Gram-negative enterobacteria, whose results provided a presumptive identification of Salmonella species. The microbial species was identified using a VITEK 2 Compact®, and was followed by a serology test for the identification of the serogroup using a polyvalent serum, which enabled the identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The antibiogram showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and penicillin, and resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin.Discussion: Clinical signs of cachexia and polyuria may be related to canine urinary tract infection caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, since these symptoms had already been recorded previously in a case of a bacterial infection by the same serogroup. Isolation of Salmonella spp. in a non-selective medium was determinant in identifying these bacteria. Since these are not commensal bacteria of the canine urinary tract, their isolation in this tract indicates that they are responsible for the infection or disease, although such cases are rare. Another aspect that should be highlighted is the risk of human infection, because of the zoonotic potential of Salmonella spp., which may be transmitted by contact with dog urine. This is the first report of the isolation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in a case of canine cystitis on the northeast region of Brazil, and underscores the importance of complementary diagnostic exams such as urine culture

Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico da doença de Chagas na Região Norte na última década / Evaluation of the epidemiological profile of Chagas disease in the Northern Region in the last decade

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico da doença de Chagas (DC) na região norte do Brasil na última década. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo e retrospectivo, no qual os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) do Ministério da Saúde (MS), e da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), compreendendo o período de 2011 a 2019. Resultados: O estado da região norte com maior frequência absoluta de casos foi o estado do Pará, onde foi observado maior incidência de casos durante os períodos entre safras do açaí e bacaba. Notou-se que o estado do Acre apresentou um surto da DC no último ano de estudo. A prevalência de registros notificados foi maior no sexo feminino. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a DC ainda é uma doença compulsória de baixa notificação, e o reporte desses casos é essencial na tomada de melhores decisões ao combate e prevenção de possíveis epidemias na região norte, principalmente nos municípios que apresentaram maior incidência da doença

Polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene are associated with the plasma levels of MBL and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in severe COVID-19

IntroductionMannose-binding lectin (MBL) promotes opsonization, favoring phagocytosis and activation of the complement system in response to different microorganisms, and may influence the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms with the plasma levels of MBL and inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19.MethodsBlood samples from 385 individuals (208 with acute COVID-19 and 117 post-COVID-19) were subjected to real-time PCR genotyping. Plasma measurements of MBL and cytokines were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThe frequencies of the polymorphic MBL2 genotype (OO) and allele (O) were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). The polymorphic genotypes (AO and OO) were associated with lower MBL levels (p< 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in patients with low MBL and severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). No association of polymorphisms, MBL levels, or cytokine levels with long COVID was observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that, besides MBL2 polymorphisms promoting a reduction in MBL levels and therefore in its function, they may also contribute to the development of a more intense inflammatory process responsible for the severity of COVID-19

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost