Respostas agudas do treinamento resistido nas variáveis hemodinâmicas em universitárias normotensas

The study aimed to analyze the acute responses of resistance training in hemodynamic variables in normotensive university students. Seven normotensive university students participated, with a mean of 21.4 ± 2.2 years. The participants performed load tests on the leg-press apparatus 45º for the accomplishment of 10RM, for protocol B10, and 20 RM, for protocol B20. The B10 protocol (moderate intensity) was performed with 3 sets of 10 replicates, and B20 (light intensity), with 3 sets of 20 replicates. In all protocols, 80% of the load found in the test was used, with a 2-minute interval between sets. After the protocols were completed, the participants remained for 60 minutes at rest to check for post-exercise hypotension (BPH), with blood pressure (BP) measured at 10-minute intervals. In the 2 protocols, there was an increase in BP in successive series, but B20 presented a higher peak systolic BP (184.2 ± 28.0 vs.177.1 ± 24.8), but with no significant difference. B20 resulted in a significantly higher response in heart rate (166.5 ± 25.5 vs. 142.2 ± 30.5) and double-product (30,660 ± 6,364 vs. 25,052 ± 5,789). The two protocols presented PEH at 30 minutes, but B20 presented a significant and more pronounced result in systolic BP hypotension. Therefore, it was concluded that, for hemodynamic responses during exercise, the protocol with lower intensity resulted in higher SBP, HR and DP peaks. Regarding the post-exercise hypotensive effect, it was concluded that the protocol with lower intensity resulted in a greater effect of HPE.O estudo objetivou analisar as respostas agudas do treinamento resistido nas variáveis hemodinâmicas em universitárias normotensas. Participaram da pesquisa 7 universitárias normotensas, com média de 21,4 ± 2,2 anos de idade. As participantes realizaram testes de carga no aparelho leg-press 45º para a realização de 10RM, para o protocolo B10, e 20 RM, para o protocolo B20. O protocolo B10 (intensidade moderada) foi realizado com 3 séries de 10 repetições, e B20 (intensidade leve), com 3 séries de 20 repetições. Em todos os protocolos utilizou-se 80% da carga encontrada no teste, com intervalo de 2 minutos entre as séries. Após a realização dos protocolos, as participantes permaneceram por 60 minutos em repouso para a verificação da hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE), com pressão arterial (PA) aferida em intervalos de 10 minutos. Nos 2 protocolos houve elevação da PA nas sucessivas séries, porém B20 apresentou um maior pico de PA sistólica (184,2 ± 28,0 vs.177,1 ± 24,8), mas sem diferença significativa. B20 inferiu resposta significativamente maior na frequência cardíaca (166,5 ± 25,5 vs. 142,2 ± 30,5) e no duplo-produto (30.660 ± 6.364 vs. 25.052 ± 5.789). Os dois protocolos apresentaram HPE a partir dos 30 minutos, porém, B20 apresentou resultado significativo e mais acentuado na hipotensão da PA sistólica. Portanto, conclui-se que, quanto as respostas hemodinâmicas durante a realização do exercício, o protocolo com menor intensidade inferiu maiores picos de PAS, FC e DP. Quanto ao efeito hipotensor pós-exercício, conclui-se que o protocolo com menor intensidade resultou em maior efeito de HPE

Nível de atividade física e fatores de risco cardiometabólico em usuários da Atenção Básica à Saúde

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de atividade física e a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiometabólico em usuários da Atenção Básica à Saúde. Foram pesquisados 1527 sujeitos (52,7 ± 13,0 anos; 72,6% mulheres) acima de 30 anos na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Foram coletados dados sobre nível de atividade física, atividade física de lazer, excesso de peso, obesidade abdominal, tabagismo e diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. As variáveis independentes foram sexo e faixa-etária (adulto, meia-idade e idoso). Os resultados indicaram que os homens apresentaram menor nível de atividade física (p<0,05), menor participação em atividade física no lazer (p<0,05) e maior uso de tabaco (p<0,05). Os idosos apresentaram menor nível de atividade física que os indivíduos adultos e de meia-idade (p<0,05), mesmo com maior realização de atividade física no lazer (p<0,05). Houve alta prevalência de excesso de peso (59,1%) e obesidade abdominal elevada (65,5%). O excesso de peso foi maior em adultos (69,9%) e indivíduos de meia-idade (64,7%). Em relação à prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus, houve um aumento expressivo a partir da meia-idade, sem diferença entre sexos. Em conclusão, foi identificada alta prevalência de inatividade física, especialmente em homens e idosos, bem como maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiometabólico em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos

Letramento nutricional de esportistas

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de letramento nutricional de esportistas praticantes de capoeira e seus fatores associados. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico. Participaram da pesquisa esportistas de um grupo de capoeira da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Foi avaliado o letramento nutricional e variáveis socioeconômicas dos voluntários. O letramento nutricional foi avaliado pelo questionário Nutritional Literacy Scale. Resultados: Totalizaram 38 esportistas (76,3% homens; 76,3% com renda acima de 3 salários mínimos; 79% acima de 9 anos de estudo). Dos avaliados, 89,5% apresentaram letramento nutricional adequado e 10,5%, letramento nutricional marginal. O escore de letramento nutricional associou-se à renda e à escolaridade. Àqueles que reportaram preocupação com alimentação apresentaram maior escore no letramento nutricional, enquanto que o tempo de prática não possuiu associação com o letramento nutricional. Discussão: Verificou-se neste estudo que a maioria dos esportistas avaliados possui letramento nutricional adequado; e que os blocos com prevalência maior que 80% de acertos foram os que associavam o conceito, fontes e recomendação de fibras e a relação entre cálcio/vitamina D e ossos. Conclusão: A maioria dos esportistas apresentou letramento nutricional adequado e nenhum participante apresentou letramento nutricional inadequado. Os fatores associados ao letramento nutricional foram renda, escolaridade e preocupação com a alimentação. ABSTRACT Nutrition of sportsObjective: To evaluate the degree of nutritional literacy of capoeira practitioners and their associated factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Participating in the research were athletes of a group of capoeira from the city of Fortaleza-CE. The nutritional literacy and socioeconomic variables of the volunteers were evaluated. Nutritional literacy was assessed by the Nutritional Literacy Scale questionnaire. Results: There were 38 athletes (76.3% men, 76.3% with income above 3 minimum wages, 79% above 9 years of schooling). Of the evaluated ones, 89.5% presented adequate nutritional literacy and 10.5%, marginal nutritional literacy. The nutritional literacy score was associated with income and schooling. Those who reported concern about nutrition had higher scores on nutritional literacy, while the practice time had no association with nutritional literacy. Discussion: It was verified in this study that the majority of athletes evaluated has adequate nutritional literacy; and that the blocks with prevalence greater than 80% of hits were those that associated the concept, sources and recommendation of fibers and the relationship between calcium / vitamin D and bones. Conclusion: Most athletes presented adequate nutritional literacy and no participant presented nutritional literacy inappropriate. The factors associated with nutritional literacy were income, schooling and concern for food

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio