DISCURSO, PANDEMIA E FAKE NEWS EM/NAS REDES: ENTRE OS EFEITOS DE VERDADE E OS CONFRONTOS DISCURSIVOS

Com a pandemia da Covid-19 instaurada em 2020, pelo novo coronavírus, a produção e circulação de notícias falsas – ou fake News – se intensificaram fortemente nas mídias digitais, causando também uma situação de infodemia. Neste artigo, objetivamos analisar o discurso das fake news sobre uso de remédios caseiros para o tratamento da COVID-19. O corpus foi constituído por três publicações digitais, comprovadamente consideradas fake news, com alguns comentários. As análises, ancoradas na Análise do Discurso pêcheuxtiana, mostram que o discurso das fake news, afetado pelo discurso do senso comum, funciona em antagonismo ao discurso científico e produz efeitos de verdade e de eficácia dos remédios caseiros ao tratamento do vírus. As mídias digitais funcionam como aparelho de interpelação ideológica, com grande adesão de internautas à posição-sujeito de defesa das fake news

Integração Tecnológica na educação básica pública brasileira: uma análise sobre a evolução temporal e a interdisciplinaridade do tema.

The complexity inherent to technological integration in the context of basic education in the current reality of the students and the digital culture that permeates society today features a transformation in the dynamics of knowledge construction. It is difficult to connect students, fully involving them in this process when using traditional teaching and learning methods. This new context requires interdisciplinary research for better understanding, involving experts in the field of sciences and more technical areas such as engineering and computer science. To answer the question of how to handle the evolution of interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical studies related to the subject, it was developed a survey in order to understand the evolution, interdisciplinarity and the theoretical and empirical variables related to the integration of technologies in the Brazilian basic education. This article presents the results of the exploratory survey of systematic review procedures of literature in electronic databases, then bibliometric and descriptive analyzes. Among the obtained results, were identified as strategies for the integration of technologies in Brazilian public basic education: Remote Experimentation for Physics, Mobile Learning and Software teaching for practices in Mathematics classes. The studies are divided into six large areas of knowledge: Social Sciences, Decision Science, Computer Science, Engineering, Business and Mathematics, demonstrating the interdisciplinarity of the theme.La complejidad inherente al contexto de integración tecnológica en la educación básica – en la realidad actual de los estudiantes y en la cultura digital que domina la sociedad actual – caracteriza una transformación en la dinámica de la construcción del conocimiento, del cual los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, utilizando métodos de enseñanza tradicional, presentan dificultades para conectarse al alumno e involucrarlo de forma plena en ese proceso. Ese nuevo contexto pasa a exigir investigaciones interdisciplinares para su mejor comprensión, involucrando especialistas en el área de ciencias sociales y áreas más técnicas como ingenierías y ciencia de la computación. Para responder la cuestión de cómo se procesa la evolución de los estudios teóricos y empíricos interdisciplinares relacionados al tema fue realizada una investigación con el objetivo de comprender la evolución, la interdisciplinaridad y las variables teórico-empíricas relacionadas a la integración de tecnologías en la educación básica brasileña. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación exploratoria realizada con procedimientos de revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas seguida de análisis bibliométrico y descriptivo. Entre los resultados obtenidos, fueron identificadas como estrategias para la integración de tecnologías en la educación básica pública brasileña; Experimentación Remota para enseñanza de Física, Mobile Learning y software para prácticas en las clases de Matemáticas. El estudio aun demostró la interdisciplinaridad del tema, identificando 6 (seis) grandes áreas del conocimiento; Ciencias Sociales, Ciencia de la Decisión, Ciencia de la Computación, Ingenierías, Negocios/Administración y Matemáticas, demostrando la interdisciplinaridad del tema.A complexidade inerente ao contexto de integração tecnológica na educação básica – na realidade atual dos estudantes e na cultura digital que permeia a sociedade atual – caracteriza uma transformação na dinâmica da construção do conhecimento, do qual os processos de ensino e aprendizagem, utilizando métodos do ensino tradicional, apresentam dificuldades para conectar-se ao aluno e envolve-lo de forma plena nesse processo. Esse novo contexto passa a exigir pesquisas interdisciplinares para sua melhor compreensão, envolvendo especialistas na área de ciências sociais e áreas mais técnicas como engenharias e ciência da computação. Para responder a questão de como se processa a evolução dos estudos teóricos e empíricos interdisciplinares relacionados ao tema foi realizada uma pesquisa com o objetivo de compreender a evolução, a interdisciplinaridade e as variáveis teórico-empíricas relacionadas à integração de tecnologias na educação básica brasileira. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa exploratória realizada com procedimentos de revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados eletrônicas seguida de análises bibliométrica e descritiva. Entre os resultados obtidos, foram identificadas como estratégias para a integração de tecnologias na educação básica pública brasileira; Experimentação Remota para ensino de Física, Mobile Learning e Softwares para práticas nas aulas de Matemática. O estudo demonstrou a interdisciplinaridade do tema identificando seis grandes áreas do conhecimento: Matemática, Ciências Sociais, Ciência da Decisão, Ciência da Computação, Engenharias e Negócios/Administração

Implicações da segurança do paciente na prática do cuidado de enfermagem

The term safety is being increasingly discussed in the sanitary fields. Nursery is involved in this process as a direct promoter of security actions through their care practices. This study aimed to investigate how the term safety has been addressed in the national and international scenario of nursing care. Literature search based on scientific papers published in national and international journals indexed in databases Scientific Library (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and SCOPUS published from 2007 to 2012. Data collection occurred in October 2012. In total, we selected 24 articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The reported failures with compromised patient safety, were on oral or written communication between health professionals and between professionals and patients; drug therapy; procedures of health, and human factors related to work, such as fatigue, lack of motivation, overload and / or (dis) satisfaction. As promoters of safety are: patient-centered care / family communication and dialogue, open communication about the error; promotion of personnel management; improvement of the delivery system of health care, promoting prevention policies, measurement and evaluation of errors and standardization of practicesEl término seguridad viene siendo cada vez más discutido en el ámbito sanitario. Estando la Enfermería implicada en este proceso como promotora directa de acciones de seguridad por medio de sus prácticas de cuidado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar cómo el término seguridad viene siendo abordado en el escenario del cuidado de enfermería en el ámbito nacional e internacional. Investigación bibliográfica basada en artículos científicos publicados en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas en bases de datos Scientific Library (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) y SCOPUS, y publicadas en el período de 2007 a 2012. La recogida de datos ocurrió en el período de octubre de 2012. En total, fueron seleccionados 24 artículos, publicados en la lengua portuguesa, inglesa y española. Los fallos relatados con comprometimiento de seguridad del paciente fueron: en la comunicación oral o escrita entre profesionales del equipo y entre profesionales y paciente; terapéutica medicamentosa; realización de procedimientos de salud; y factores humanos relacionados al trabajo, como cansancio, falta de motivación, sobrecarga y/o (in)satisfacción. Como promotores de seguridad están: cuidado centrado en el paciente/familia, comunicación y diálogo, comunicación abierta sobre error; promoción de políticas de prevención, medición y evaluación de los errores y estandarización de las prácticas. La enfermería desempeña un papel crucial en la promoción de la seguridad del paciente por presentarse de forma más constante y directa en el cuidado al paciente. En contrapartida, si dicho cuidado no es realizado con calidad, puede ser generador de errores y comprometer la seguridad del cuidado.   O termo segurança vem sendo cada vez mais discutido no âmbito sanitario. Estando a enfermagem implicada nesse processo como promotora direta de ações de segurança por meio de suas práticas de cuidado. Este trabalho objetivou-se investigar como o termo segurança vem sendo abordado no cenário do cuidado de enfermagem no âmbito nacional e internacional. Pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais indexados nas bases de dados Scientific Library (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e SCOPUS e publicados no período de 2007 a 2012. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de outubro de 2012. No total, foram selecionados 24 artigos, publicados na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. As falhas relatadas com comprometimento da segurança do paciente, foram: na comunicação oral ou escrita entre profissionais da equipe e entre profissional e paciente; terapêutica medicamentosa; realização de procedimentos de saúde; e fatores humanos relacionados ao trabalho, como cansaço, falta de motivação, sobrecarga e/ou (in)satisfação. Como promotores de segurança estão: cuidado centrado no paciente/família, comunicação e diálogo, comunicação aberta sobre o erro; promoção de gestão de pessoas; melhoria do sistema de prestação da assistência sanitária; promoção de políticas de prevenção, medição e avaliação dos erros e uniformização das práticas. A enfermagem desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da segurança do paciente por apresentar-se de forma mais constate e direta no cuidado ao paciente. Em contrapartida, se esse cuidado não for realizado com qualidade, pode ser gerador de erros e comprometer a segurança do cuidado.

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00‒7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08‒3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12‒4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93‒0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95‒0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19-0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16‒0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost